{"id":4817,"date":"2023-02-09T14:50:08","date_gmt":"2023-02-09T14:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/the-effect-of-posture-on-the-diaphragm-it\/"},"modified":"2023-02-10T15:47:20","modified_gmt":"2023-02-10T15:47:20","slug":"the-effect-of-posture-on-the-diaphragm-it","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/the-effect-of-posture-on-the-diaphragm-it\/","title":{"rendered":"L&#8217;effetto della postura sul diaframma"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\"> <b>Redattrice principale<\/b> &#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Carin_Hunter\" title=\"User:Carin Hunter\">Carin Hunter<\/a>, sulla base del corso di <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/course_tutor\/rina-pandya\/\">Rina Pandya<\/a><br \/>\n<b>Contributori principali<\/b> &#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Carin_Hunter\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Carin Hunter\"><bdi>Carin Hunter<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Lucinda_hampton\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Lucinda hampton\"><bdi>Lucinda hampton<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Merinda_Rodseth\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Merinda Rodseth\"><bdi>Merinda Rodseth<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a> e <a href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\"><bdi>Ewa Jaraczewska<\/bdi><\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input type=\"checkbox\" role=\"button\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenuti<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"toctogglespan\"><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"><\/label><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">L&#8217;effetto della postura sul diaframma<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Forward_Head_Posture\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Postura con anteposizione del capo<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Kyphotic_Posture\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Postura cifotica<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Posture_in_an_ICU_Bed\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Postura nel letto di terapia intensiva<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Other_Factors_to_Consider\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Altri fattori da considerare<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Citazioni<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm\">L&#8217;effetto della postura sul diaframma<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: The Effect of Posture on the Diaphragm\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Edit section: The Effect of Posture on the Diaphragm\">fonte edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La <a href=\"\/Posture\" title=\"Postura\">postura<\/a> ha un impatto significativo sulla funzione del diaframma.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> Per ottimizzare la funzione del diaframma, \u00e8 necessaria una lunghezza verticale, ossia le cavit\u00e0 toracica e addominale devono essere sufficientemente lunghe da permettere al diaframma di creare una pressione negativa e positiva durante l&#8217;inspirazione e l&#8217;espirazione.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> Il paziente deve essere in grado di respirare profondamente fino alla base dei polmoni, in modo che le costole si aprano e il diaframma scenda.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> Una discussione dettagliata sulla respirazione \u00e8 disponibile <a href=\"\/How_We_Breathe\" title=\"How We Breathe\">qui<\/a> e <a href=\"\/The_Science_of_Breathing_Well\" title=\"The Science of Breathing Well\">qui<\/a>. Tuttavia, \u00e8 stato riscontrato che posture specifiche, come la <a href=\"\/Forward_Head_Posture\" title=\"Forward Head Posture\">postura con anteposizione del capo<\/a> (FHP) e l&#8217;<a href=\"\/Thoracic_Hyperkyphosis\" title=\"Thoracic Hyperkyphosis\">ipercifosi<\/a>, influiscono sulla meccanica respiratoria, compresa la mobilit\u00e0 del diaframma.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Forward_Head_Posture\">Posizione anteposta della testa<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Forward Head Posture\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Forward Head Posture\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2a\/Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg\/300px-Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2a\/Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg\/450px-Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2a\/Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg\/600px-Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Chris-benson-yx-iJFybOBQ-unsplash.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Postura con anteposizione del capo<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>La postura con anteposizione del capo \u00e8 &#8220;una postura abituale scorretta del collo definita dall&#8217;iperestensione delle vertebre cervicali superiori e dalla traslazione anteriore delle vertebre cervicali&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La postura con anteposizione del capo influisce sull&#8217;espansione del torace e sull&#8217;attivit\u00e0 dei <a href=\"\/Muscles_of_Respiration\" title=\"Muscles of Respiration\">muscoli respiratori<\/a>, con conseguente riduzione della ventilazione <a href=\"\/Alveoli\" title=\"Alveoli\">alveolare<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup> Zafar et al.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> hanno riscontrato che la postura con anteposizione del capo indotta in soggetti sani ha un impatto immediato sulla funzione respiratoria. Essi hanno suggerito che ci\u00f2 potrebbe essere causato da un intrappolamento temporaneo del <a href=\"\/Phrenic_Nerve\" title=\"Phrenic Nerve\">nervo frenico<\/a> (ossia il <a href=\"\/Neurone\" title=\"Neurone\">nervo<\/a> che innerva il diaframma). Questo intrappolamento diminuisce l&#8217;attivit\u00e0 nervosa e, in ultima analisi, indebolisce il diaframma.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Hodges et al.<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup> hanno dedotto che un&#8217;alterata funzione del diaframma porta a un&#8217;instabilit\u00e0 dei <a href=\"\/Core_Muscles\" title=\"Core Muscles\">muscoli del core<\/a>, che pu\u00f2 provocare altri disturbi sistemici e muscoloscheletrici, tra cui l&#8217;instabilit\u00e0 spinale.<\/p>\n<p>La postura con anteposizione del capo ha un impatto sulla <a href=\"\/Biomechanics\" title=\"Biomeccanica\">biomeccanica<\/a> respiratoria.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup> Si verifica un&#8217;espansione della parte superiore del torace e una contrazione di quella inferiore. Queste alterazioni riducono la funzione respiratoria.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Affinch\u00e9 il diaframma dei pazienti con una postura con anteposizione del capo sia pi\u00f9 efficace durante la respirazione, \u00e8 necessario:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ripristinare il normale rapporto lunghezza-tensione<\/li>\n<li>Migliorare la mobilit\u00e0 e l&#8217;espansione della parete toracica<\/li>\n<li>Ridurre il carico sui muscoli respiratori accessori del <a href=\"\/Cervical_Anatomy\" title=\"Cervical Anatomy\">collo<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Guardate questo video di 6 minuti su come misurare e correggere la postura con anteposizione del capo.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9OdAid7vO5w?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Kyphotic_Posture\">Postura cifotica<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Kyphotic Posture\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Kyphotic Posture\">fonte edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:251px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Dowagers-hump.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c4\/Dowagers-hump.png\/249px-Dowagers-hump.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"249\" height=\"350\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c4\/Dowagers-hump.png\/373px-Dowagers-hump.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c4\/Dowagers-hump.png\/497px-Dowagers-hump.png 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Dowagers-hump.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Ipercifosi osteoporotica nelle donne anziane<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>L&#8217;ipercifosi \u00e8 definita come: &#8220;un aumento della curvatura anteriore della colonna vertebrale che si osserva lungo il piano sagittale&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Pu\u00f2 essere causata dal <a href=\"\/Adult-onset_Idiopathic_Torticollis\" title=\"Adult-onset Idiopathic Torticollis\">torcicollo<\/a> (cio\u00e8 quando il collo si torce da un lato).<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup>) e dalla postura con anteposizione del capo, che porta allo sviluppo di una curva toracica secondaria per compensare l&#8217;appiattimento della curva del rachide cervicale. Un&#8217;alterata mobilit\u00e0 cervico-toracica compromette la normale meccanica respiratoria riducendo la mobilit\u00e0 e la forza del diaframma.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Nei soggetti che sono ingobbiti in una postura cifotica c&#8217;\u00e8 un avvicinamento di <a href=\"\/Ribs\" title=\"Ribs\">costole<\/a> e <a href=\"\/Pelvis\" title=\"Pelvis\">bacino<\/a>. Questo avvicinamento pu\u00f2 aumentare la pressione intra-addominale, che influisce sul movimento diaframmatico.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> Ci\u00f2 pu\u00f2 portare a:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Riduzione della capacit\u00e0 polmonare<\/li>\n<li>Riduzione del flusso inspiratorio <sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Diminuzione della <a href=\"\/Spirometry#Measurement_definitions\" title=\"Spirometry\">capacit\u00e0 vitale forzata<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Guardate questo video di 1 minuto sui sintomi dell&#8217;ipercifosi.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9D4qWWc9MKc?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>La funzione respiratoria dovrebbe quindi essere valutata nei pazienti che presentano posture come l&#8217;anteposizione del capo e il torcicollo.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> Zafar et al.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> raccomandano ai clinici di utilizzare lo strumento SNIP (Sniff Nasal Inspiratory Pressure)<sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup> per valutare la funzione respiratoria, in quanto si tratta di un metodo semplice e facile da usare per lo screening dei pazienti che presentano disfunzioni posturali.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Il seguente video di 4 minuti mostra come utilizzare uno strumento SNIP.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9bQgY2ZaiLk?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Posture_in_an_ICU_Bed\">Postura nel letto di terapia intensiva<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Posture in an ICU Bed\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Posture in an ICU Bed\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In <a href=\"\/The_Intensive_Care_Unit\" title=\"The Intensive Care Unit\">terapia Intensiva (TI)<\/a> i cuscini vengono spesso posizionati sotto la testa e le ginocchia dei pazienti per farli stare comodi a letto. Tuttavia, questo posizionamento li porta a stare in una posizione &#8220;ad amaca&#8221;, che riduce la capacit\u00e0 del diaframma di funzionare in modo ottimale.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><b>Un cattivo posizionamento in terapia intensiva comporta:<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aumento dell&#8217;angolo di anteposizione della testa<\/li>\n<li>Aumento della respirazione apicale<\/li>\n<li>Diminuzione della respirazione diaframmatica<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Le conseguenze di ci\u00f2 includono<\/b>:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rigidit\u00e0 dei muscoli anteriori del collo<\/li>\n<li>Debolezza dei muscoli estensori cervicali<\/li>\n<li>Debolezza diaframmatica<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Other_Factors_to_Consider\">Altri fattori da considerare<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Other Factors to Consider\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Other Factors to Consider\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Il diaframma influisce su:<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Funzione esofagea<\/li>\n<li>Funzione digestiva\n<ul>\n<li>Movimenti peristaltici, massaggio del contenuto addominale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Funzione vascolare, come la <a href=\"\/Blood_Pressure\" title=\"Blood Pressure\">pressione sanguigna<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Immune_System\" title=\"Immune System\">Sistema immunitario<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Il diaframma favorisce l&#8217;immunit\u00e0 perch\u00e9 crea un &#8220;flusso fresco&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> e favorisce l&#8217;assorbimento di sostanze nutritive e vitamine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ulteriori informazioni sul ruolo del diaframma sono disponibili <a href=\"\/How_We_Breathe#Basics_of_Breathing\" title=\"How We Breathe\">qui<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/a-XUTeQQFjU?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">Citazioni<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Safavi S, Arthofer C, Cooper A, Harkin JW, Prayle AP, Sovani MP, Bolton CE, Gowland PA, Hall IP. Assessing the impact of posture on diaphragm morphology and function using an open upright MRI system-A pilot study. Eur J Radiol. 2020 Sep;130:109196.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-0\">2.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-1\">2.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-2\">2.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-3\">2.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-4\">2.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-5\">2.5<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-6\">2.6<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pandya R. The Effect of Posture on the Diaphragm Course. Plus , 2021.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-0\">3.00<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-1\">3.01<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-2\">3.02<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-3\">3.03<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-4\">3.04<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-5\">3.05<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-6\">3.06<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-7\">3.07<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-8\">3.08<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-9\">3.09<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-10\">3.10<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Zafar H, Albarrati A, Alghadir AH, Iqbal ZA. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2018\/4518269\/\">Effect of different head-neck postures on the respiratory function in healthy males.<\/a> BioMed research international. 2018 Jul 12;2018.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_4-0\">4.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_4-1\">4.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Koseki T, Kakizaki F, Hayashi S, Nishida N, Itoh M. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jpts\/31\/1\/31_jpts-2018-328\/_pdf\/-char\/ja\">Effect of forward head posture on thoracic shape and respiratory function.<\/a> Journal of physical therapy science. 2019;31(1):63-8.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Okuro RT, Morcillo AM, Ribeiro M\u00c2, Sakano E, Conti PB, Ribeiro JD. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/jbpneu\/a\/tCkpp5ZTsgjpwqvSFmTZfxs\/?lang=en\">Mouth breathing and forward head posture: effects on respiratory biomechanics and exercise capacity in children<\/a>. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia. 2011;37:471-9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hodges PW, Gurfinkel VS, Brumagne S, Smith TC, Cordo PC. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-002-1040-x\">Coexistence of stability and mobility in postural control: evidence from postural compensation for respiration.<\/a> Experimental brain research. 2002 Jun;144(3):293-302.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hodges PW, Butler JE, McKenzie DK, Gandevia SC. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1160083\/\">Contraction of the human diaphragm during rapid postural adjustments<\/a>. J Physiol. 1997;505 ( Pt 2)(Pt 2):539-48.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Triangto K, Widjanantie SC, Nusdwinuringtyas N. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/344879018_Biomechanical_Impacts_of_Forward_Head_Posture_on_the_Respiratory_Function\">Biomechanical Impacts of Forward Head Posture on the Respiratory Function.<\/a> Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation. 2019;8(02):50-64.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_9-0\">9.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_9-1\">9.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Haghighat F, Moradi R, Rezaie M, Yarahmadi N, Ghaffarnejad F. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/assets.researchsquare.com\/files\/rs-53279\/v1\/4bd8d8b9-3540-4500-a169-66aab3be8027.pdf?c=1631854601\">Added Value of Diaphragm Myofascial Release on Forward Head Posture and Chest Expansion in Patients With Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lam JC, Mukhdomi T. Kyphosis. (Updated 2021 Aug 11). In: StatPearls (Internet). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK558945\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK558945\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Chaitow L. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bodyworkmovementtherapies.com\/article\/S1360-8592(14)00139-9\/fulltext\">Functional movement and breathing dysfunction.<\/a> Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2016 Jul 1;20(3):455-6.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lin F, Parthasarathy S, Taylor SJ, Pucci D, Hendrix RW, Makhsous M. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0003999305014723\">Effect of different sitting postures on lung capacity, expiratory flow, and lumbar lordosis.<\/a> Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2006 Apr 1;87(4):504-9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Haque MF, Akhter S, Tasnim N, Haque M, Paul S, Begum M. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.banglajol.info\/index.php\/BMRCB\/article\/view\/42541\">Effects of different sitting postures on forced vital capacity in healthy school children.<\/a> Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin. 2019 Aug 7;45(2):117-21.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Prigent H, Lejaille M, Falaize L, Louis A, Ruquet M, Fauroux B, Raphael JC, Lofaso F. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1385\/NCC:1:4:475\">Assessing inspiratory muscle strength by sniff nasal inspiratory pressure.<\/a> Neurocritical care. 2004 Dec;1(4):475-8.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">ALS Centrum Nederland. SNIP (Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure). Available from: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9bQgY2ZaiLk\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9bQgY2ZaiLk<\/a> (last accessed 3\/12\/2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20230128200921 Cache expiry: 0 Dynamic content: true Complications: () CPU time usage: 0.081 seconds Real time usage: 0.089 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 318\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 172\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/40 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 4846\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 16.789 1 Special:Contributors\/The_Effect_of_Posture_on_the_Diaphragm 100.00% 16.789 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Redattrice principale &#8211; Carin Hunter, sulla base del corso di Rina Pandya Contributori principali &#8211; Carin Hunter, Jess Bell, Lucinda hampton, Merinda Rodseth, Kim Jackson e Ewa Jaraczewska Contenuti 1 L&#8217;effetto della postura sul diaframma 2 Postura con anteposizione del capo 3 Postura cifotica 4 Postura nel letto di terapia intensiva 5 Altri fattori da [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4817","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4817"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4817\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4833,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4817\/revisions\/4833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}