{"id":4565,"date":"2023-01-18T17:31:59","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T17:31:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/ankle-fractures-it\/"},"modified":"2023-01-30T09:57:11","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T09:57:11","slug":"ankle-fractures-it","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/ankle-fractures-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Fratture della caviglia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\"> <b>Redattrice principale <\/b>&#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\">Ewa Jaraczewska<\/a> sulla base del corso di <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/instructor\/helene-simpson\/\">Helene Simpson<\/a><br \/>\n<b>Principali collaboratori<\/b> &#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\"><bdi>Ewa Jaraczewska<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a> e <a href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input type=\"checkbox\" role=\"button\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenuti<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"toctogglespan\"><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"><\/label><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduzione<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Clinically_Relevant_Anatomy\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Anatomia clinicamente rilevante<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Ankle_Joint\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Articolazione della caviglia<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Bones\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Ossa<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Ligaments\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Legamenti<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Muscles\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Muscoli<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Neural_and_Vascular\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Neurale e vascolare<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Neural\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.4.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Neurale<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Vascular\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.4.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Vascolare<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Classifications_of_Fractures\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Classificazioni delle fratture<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Clinical_Presentation\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Presentazione clinica<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Diagnostic_Procedures\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Procedure diagnostiche<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Outcome_Measures\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Misure di outcome<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#Management_.2F_Interventions\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Gestione \/ Interventi<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#General_Considerations\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Considerazioni generali<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#Early_Mobilisation_Protocol\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Protocollo di mobilizzazione precoce<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#Early_phase_.283_.E2.80.93_6_weeks_post-surgery.29.5B22.5D\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.2.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Fase iniziale (3 &#8211; 6 settimane dopo l&#8217;intervento)<sup>(22)<\/sup><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Full_weight_bearing:_PWB_-_FWB_.284_-_6_weeks_post-surgery.29.5B22.5D\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.2.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Carico completo: PWB &#8211; FWB (4 &#8211; 6 settimane dopo l&#8217;intervento)<sup>(22)<\/sup><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#Full_weight_bearing_.28week_6-8_post-surgery.29.5B22.5D\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.2.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Carico completo (6-8 settimane dopo l&#8217;intervento)<sup>(22)<\/sup><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-20\"><a href=\"#Full_weight_bearing_.28week_8-10_post-surgery.29.5B22.5D\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.2.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Carico completo (8-10 settimane dopo l&#8217;intervento)<sup>(22)<\/sup><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-21\"><a href=\"#Week_10_to_final_phase.5B22.5D\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.2.5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Dalla 10a settimana alla fase finale<sup>(22)<\/sup><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-22\"><a href=\"#Resources\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Risorse<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-23\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Citazioni<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Introduction\">Introduzione<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Clinically_Relevant_Anatomy\">Anatomia clinicamente rilevante<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Clinically Relevant Anatomy\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Clinically Relevant Anatomy\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Il complesso articolare della caviglia pu\u00f2 essere suddiviso in tre parti: la parte tibio-tarsica, quella astragalo-calcaneo-navicolare e quella sotto-astragalica. L&#8217;articolazione tibio-tarsica \u00e8 formata da tre ossa e da un complesso apparato legamentoso. La tibia, il perone e l&#8217;astragalo sono collegati dai legamenti collaterali e dal complesso dei legamenti della sindesmosi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Ankle_Joint\">Articolazione della caviglia<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Ankle Joint\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Ankle Joint\">fonte di modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Ankle_image.jpeg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Ankle image.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/47\/Ankle_image.jpeg\/300px-Ankle_image.jpeg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/47\/Ankle_image.jpeg\/450px-Ankle_image.jpeg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/47\/Ankle_image.jpeg\/600px-Ankle_image.jpeg 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Ankle_image.jpeg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Bones\">Ossa<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Bones\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Bones\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>La caviglia \u00e8 formata da tre ossa: l&#8217;astragalo, la tibia e il perone. La struttura anatomica del piede \u00e8 composta da retropiede, mesopiede e avampiede. Ogni parte del piede \u00e8 composta da diverse ossa. La parte inferiore della gamba e il piede costituiscono la caviglia. I seguenti elementi ossei dell&#8217;articolazione della caviglia fanno parte di questa struttura:<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/Tibia\" title=\"Tibia\">Tibia<\/a> distale<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Fibula\" title=\"Fibula\">Perone<\/a> distale<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Talus\" title=\"Astragalo\">Astragalo<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&#8217;articolazione tibio-tarsica (talvolta chiamata articolazione talo-crurale) viene definita <i>articolazione della caviglia<\/i>. Le superfici che si articolano sono i malleoli laterale e mediale, l&#8217;estremit\u00e0 distale della tibia e l&#8217;astragalo.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> I movimenti principali dell&#8217;articolazione tibio-tarsica sono la flessione dorsale e la flessione plantare sul piano sagittale.<\/p>\n<p>Nel <i>retropiede<\/i>, l&#8217;astragalo e il calcagno si articolano e formano l&#8217;<a href=\"\/Subtalar_Joint_Arthritis\" title=\"Subtalar Joint Arthritis\">articolazione sotto-astragalica<\/a> (nota anche come articolazione astragalo-calcaneare). L&#8217;articolazione sotto-astragalica ha tre articolazioni e l&#8217;astragalo e il calcagno hanno entrambi tre faccette articolari. I movimenti principali di questa articolazione sono l&#8217;inversione e l&#8217;eversione della caviglia e del retropiede.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;articolazione di Chopart (o articolazione astragalica media o trasversa, articolazione astragalo-calcaneo-navicolare) \u00e8 la &#8220;giunzione&#8221; tra il <i>retropiede e il mesopiede<\/i>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> Questa articolazione comprende le articolazioni astragalo-navicolare e calcaneo-cuboidea e consente la rotazione dell&#8217;avampiede. Il navicolare si articola distalmente con le tre ossa cuneiformi. Oltre alle ossa navicolare e cuneiforme, l&#8217;osso cuboide ha un&#8217;articolazione distale con la base del quarto e del quinto osso metatarsale.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Di seguito \u00e8 riportato un riepilogo delle articolazioni della caviglia:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/File:Ankle_joint.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Ankle joint.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Ankle_joint.png\/700px-Ankle_joint.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Ankle_joint.png\/1050px-Ankle_joint.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/b\/b2\/Ankle_joint.png 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:402px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Figure_3-Ankle_ligaments.PNG\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Figure 3-Ankle ligaments.PNG\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/65\/Figure_3-Ankle_ligaments.PNG\/400px-Figure_3-Ankle_ligaments.PNG\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"174\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/6\/65\/Figure_3-Ankle_ligaments.PNG 1.5x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Figure_3-Ankle_ligaments.PNG\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Ligaments\">Legamenti<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Ligaments\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Ligaments\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>I legamenti della caviglia sono costituiti da:<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I legamenti mediali (legamento deltoideo)\n<ul>\n<li>Il legamento collaterale mediale \u00e8 diviso in due strati: superficiale e profondo<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>I legamenti laterali\n<ul>\n<li>Il complesso del legamento collaterale laterale \u00e8 composto da tre legamenti: il legamento peroneo-astragalico anteriore, il legamento peroneo-calcaneare e il legamento peroneo-astragalico posteriore<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>La sindesmosi tibio-peroneale, ovvero i legamenti che collegano le epifisi distali di tibia e perone\n<ul>\n<li>L&#8217;articolazione della sindesmosi tibio-peroneale comprende il legamento tibio-peroneale antero-inferiore, il legamento tibio-peroneale postero-inferiore e il legamento tibio-peroneale interosseo.<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ulteriori informazioni sui legamenti della caviglia sono disponibili <a href=\"\/Basic_Foot_and_Ankle_Anatomy_-_Bones_and_Ligaments#Structure\" title=\"Anatomia di base di piede e caviglia - Ossa e legamenti\">qui<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Muscles\">Muscoli<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Muscles\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Edit section: Muscles\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>I muscoli della gamba inferiore sono divisi in quattro compartimenti: il compartimento posteriore superficiale, il compartimento posteriore profondo, il compartimento laterale e il compartimento anteriore. I flessori plantari primari della caviglia si trovano nel compartimento posteriore. I muscoli del compartimento laterale portano in flessione plantare la caviglia e in eversione il piede. Tutti i muscoli del compartimento anteriore portano in flessione dorsale la caviglia.<\/p>\n<p>Ulteriori informazioni sui muscoli e sulla fascia della caviglia sono disponibili <a href=\"\/Basic_Foot_and_Ankle_Anatomy_-_Muscles_and_Fascia#Lower_Leg_Muscle_Compartments\" title=\"Anatomia di base di piede e caviglia - Muscoli e fascia\">qui<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Dermatomes_for_Thoracic_Spine_Course.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9a\/Dermatomes_for_Thoracic_Spine_Course.jpg\/300px-Dermatomes_for_Thoracic_Spine_Course.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9a\/Dermatomes_for_Thoracic_Spine_Course.jpg\/450px-Dermatomes_for_Thoracic_Spine_Course.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9a\/Dermatomes_for_Thoracic_Spine_Course.jpg\/600px-Dermatomes_for_Thoracic_Spine_Course.jpg 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Dermatomes_for_Thoracic_Spine_Course.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Dermatomi<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Anatomy_ankle_and_foot_5.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Anatomy ankle and foot 5.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/15\/Anatomy_ankle_and_foot_5.jpg\/300px-Anatomy_ankle_and_foot_5.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"302\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/1\/15\/Anatomy_ankle_and_foot_5.jpg 1.5x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Anatomy_ankle_and_foot_5.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Neural_and_Vascular\">Neurale e vascolare<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Neural and Vascular\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Edit section: Neural and Vascular\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Neural\">Componente neurale<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Neural\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Edit section: Neural\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Il <a href=\"\/Tibial_Nerve\" title=\"Tibial Nerve\">nervo tibiale<\/a> e il <a href=\"\/Common_Peroneal_Nerve\" title=\"Common Peroneal Nerve\">nervo peroneo comune<\/a> (noto anche come nervo fibulare comune) hanno origine a L5, S1 e S2. Il nervo tibiale fornisce <i>fibre motorie a<\/i> gastrocnemio, soleo, tibiale posteriore, flessore lungo delle dita e flessore lungo dell&#8217;alluce. Le sue fibre sensoriali <i>occasionalmente riforniscono l&#8217;area tipicamente innervata dal nervo peroneo profondo.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Il ramo superficiale del nervo peroneo comune invia <i>fibre motorie<\/i> al peroneo (fibulare) lungo e breve. Il ramo profondo invia fibre motorie al<i> tibiale anteriore, estensore lungo delle dita, estensore lungo dell&#8217;alluce, estensore breve delle dita<\/i> (raramente innervati dal nervo tibiale)<i>.<\/i> Le <i>fibre sensoriali<\/i> del ramo superficiale riforniscono la parte antero-laterale della gamba e gran parte del dorso del piede e delle dita. Il ramo profondo rifornisce la pelle tra il primo e il secondo dito del piede.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Il <a href=\"\/Sural_Nerve\" title=\"Sural Nerve\">nervo surale<\/a> origina dal nervo tibiale e dai rami cutanei del nervo peroneo comune. Si divide in nervo di comunicazione surale e nervo cutaneo surale laterale. Le sue fibre sensoriali <i>innervano la parte posteriore della gamba distale e la parte laterale del piede.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_8-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/i><\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Vascular\">Componente vascolare<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Vascular\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Edit section: Vascular\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Le seguenti arterie riforniscono l&#8217;aspetto distale della gamba inferiore:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Arteria poplitea: compartimento posteriore superficiale che comprende i muscoli gastrocnemio, soleo e plantare<\/li>\n<li>Arteria tibiale\n<ul>\n<li><i>Arteria tibiale anteriore<\/i>: articolazione tibio-peroneale prossimale, articolazione del ginocchio, articolazione della caviglia, muscoli e cute del compartimento anteriore della gamba<\/li>\n<li><i>Arteria tibiale posteriore<b>:<\/b><\/i> soleo, popliteo, flessore lungo dell&#8217;alluce, flessore lungo delle dita e tibiale posteriore<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Arteria peroneale: muscoli popliteo, soleo, tibiale posteriore e flessore lungo dell&#8217;alluce<\/li>\n<li>Arteria surale: muscoli gastrocnemio, soleo e plantare<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ulteriori informazioni sui sistemi neurale e vascolare della caviglia sono disponibili <a href=\"\/Basic_Foot_and_Ankle_Anatomy_-_Neural_and_Vascular\" title=\"Anatomia di base di piede e caviglia - Neurale e vascolare\">qui<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Ankle_fracture.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Ankle fracture.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d1\/Ankle_fracture.jpg\/300px-Ankle_fracture.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"529\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/d\/d1\/Ankle_fracture.jpg 1.5x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Ankle_fracture.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Classifications_of_Fractures\">Classificazioni delle fratture<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Classifications of Fractures\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Edit section: Classifications of Fractures\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Le <i>classificazioni clinicamente rilevanti<\/i> per le fratture della caviglia includono le seguenti:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Malleolare (e le sue sottocategorie secondo la <a href=\"\/Danis-Weber_Classification_of_Ankle_Fractures\" title=\"Danis-Weber Classification of Ankle Fractures\">classificazione ABC di Danis-Weber<\/a>)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Tibia distale<\/li>\n<li>Peroneale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Classificazione basata su <i>criteri di stabilit\u00e0<\/i> proposta da Michelson e colleghi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup> Secondo Michelson et al. le seguenti sono classificate come fratture di caviglia instabili:<sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Qualsiasi frattura-lussazione della caviglia<\/li>\n<li>Qualsiasi frattura bimalleolare o trimalleolare della caviglia<\/li>\n<li>Qualsiasi frattura malleolare laterale con spostamento significativo dell&#8217;astragalo visibile in qualsiasi radiografia piana, in qualsiasi momento<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Una frattura della caviglia \u00e8 considerata stabile se nessuno dei criteri sopra indicati \u00e8 soddisfatto.<sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Il sistema AO\/OTA classifica le fratture dell&#8217;intero corpo. Nella caviglia, le fratture si dividono in malleolari, della tibia distale e del perone. Questo sistema di classificazione \u00e8 quello pi\u00f9 comunemente utilizzato per classificare le fratture malleolari e si basa su <i>gravit\u00e0 e complessit\u00e0<\/i> della lesione:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tipo A<b>:<\/b> lesione infrasindesmosica del perone (con tre sottogruppi)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Tipo B: frattura transindesmosica del perone (con tre sottogruppi)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_14-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Tipo C: lesione sovrasindesmosica (con tre sottogruppi)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_14-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Una versione aggiornata delle classificazioni AO\/OTA separa le fratture in epifisarie, metafisarie e diafisarie. Quando si verificano fratture multiple e sistemi di fratture, si possono applicare diverse etichette. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Ulteriori informazioni sulla classificazione AO\/OTA sono disponibili <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aofoundation.org\/trauma\/clinical-library-and-tools\/journals-and-publications\/classification\">qui<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Clinical_Presentation\">Presentazione clinica<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Clinical Presentation\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Edit section: Clinical Presentation\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>I pazienti si presentano al pronto soccorso con fratture della caviglia dovute a cadute, infortuni in inversione, infortuni legati allo sport o traumi minori dovuti a diabete, neuropatia periferica e altre condizioni mediche.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup> I sintomi pi\u00f9 comuni quando si sospetta una frattura della caviglia includono:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dolore<\/li>\n<li>Ematoma<\/li>\n<li>Gonfiore della caviglia<\/li>\n<li>Incapacit\u00e0 di caricare il peso corporeo<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_15-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Diagnostic_Procedures\">Procedure diagnostiche<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Diagnostic Procedures\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Edit section: Diagnostic Procedures\">modifica sorgente<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ulteriori informazioni sulle indagini e sui test per la caviglia sono disponibili <a href=\"\/Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests\" title=\"Valutazione del piede e della caviglia - Indagini e test\">qui<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:PROMs_for_ankle_instability.jpeg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2c\/PROMs_for_ankle_instability.jpeg\/300px-PROMs_for_ankle_instability.jpeg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"445\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2c\/PROMs_for_ankle_instability.jpeg\/450px-PROMs_for_ankle_instability.jpeg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/2\/2c\/PROMs_for_ankle_instability.jpeg 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:PROMs_for_ankle_instability.jpeg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p><small><i>Misure di outcome riferite dal paziente nell&#8217;instabilit\u00e0 della caviglia. Rosso: inadeguato o non valutato. Giallo: problemi inconsistenti o minori. Verde: adeguato<\/i>. Adattato da Hansen CF, Obionu KC, Comins JD, Krogsgaard MR. The patient-reported outcome measures for ankle instability. An analysis of 17 existing questionnaires. Foot Ankle Surg. 2022 Apr;28(3):288-293<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Outcome_Measures\">Misure di outcome<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Outcome Measures\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Edit section: Outcome Measures\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00c8 disponibile un&#8217;ampia gamma di misure di outcome da utilizzare negli adulti con fratture della caviglia:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) &#8211; la misura di outcome primario pi\u00f9 frequentemente rilevata<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_16-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Misurazioni del range di movimento della caviglia &#8211; la seconda misura di outcome primario pi\u00f9 frequentemente rilevata<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_16-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/orthotoolkit.com\/aofas-ankle-hindfoot\/\">American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle Hind-Foot Scale (AOFAS)<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_18-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Lower_Extremity_Functional_Scale_(LEFS)\" title=\"Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)\">The Lower Extremity Functional Scale<\/a> (LEFS)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_18-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/36-Item_Short_Form_Survey_(SF-36)\" title=\"36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36)\">The 36-item Short-Form Survey<\/a> (SF-36)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_16-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Visual_Analogue_Scale\" title=\"Visual Analogue Scale\">Visual Analogue Scale for pain<\/a> (VAS-Pain)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_16-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Manchester%E2%80%93Oxford_Foot_Questionnaire\" title=\"Manchester\u2013Oxford Foot Questionnaire\">Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire<\/a> (MOXFQ)<sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Foot and Ankle Outcomes Score (AAOS)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_18-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Ankle Fracture Outcome of Rehabilitation Measure (A-FORM)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_16-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aaos.org\/globalassets\/quality-and-practice-resources\/patient-reported-outcome-measures\/lower-extremities\/foot-and-ankle-ability-measure.pdf\">Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Adeguate misure di outcome riferite dal paziente nell&#8217;instabilit\u00e0 della caviglia riportate da Hansen et al.<sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup> includono:\n<ul>\n<li>Modification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI)<\/li>\n<li>Ankle Instability Instrument (AII)<\/li>\n<li>European Foot and Ankle Society Score (EFAS score)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"mw-empty-elt\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Management_\/_Interventions\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Management_.2F_Interventions\">Gestione\/Interventi<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Management \/ Interventions\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Edit section: Management \/ Interventions\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"General_Considerations\">Considerazioni generali<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: General Considerations\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\" title=\"Edit section: General Considerations\">modifica sorgente<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Per scegliere l&#8217;intervento pi\u00f9 appropriato dopo una frattura della caviglia, il fisioterapista deve considerare quanto segue:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La presenza di una &#8220;variet\u00e0&#8221; di protocolli senza raccomandazioni conclusive<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Due tendenze nella letteratura:\n<ul>\n<li><b>Protocollo tradizionale<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup> prevede l&#8217;incremento del carico del peso corporeo dopo 6 settimane, con un carico completo a 12 settimane, in base al meccanismo della lesione e al coinvolgimento di altri tessuti molli.<\/li>\n<li>Il <b>protocollo di mobilizzazione precoce<\/b> prevede il carico precoce del peso corporeo (prima delle 6 settimane), esercizi nelle fasi iniziali, condizionamento generale, ortesi e terapia manuale.<sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Gli OUTCOME del <b>protocollo tradizionale<\/b> comprendono:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_22-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Rigidit\u00e0 delle articolazioni tibio-tarsica e sotto-astragalica<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_28-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Diminuzione della forza<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_28-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Atrofia muscolare a mezza coscia a 28 giorni<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_28-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Patologia del passo<sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Diminuzione dell&#8217;attivit\u00e0 funzionale e della qualit\u00e0 della vita a 6 mesi<sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le misure di outcome riferite dal paziente non sono correlate con i risultati clinici<sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Gli OUTCOME del <b>protocollo di mobilizzazione precoce<\/b> comprendono:<sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-32\">(32)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-33\">(33)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Nessuna complicazione in pi\u00f9 rispetto al protocollo tradizionale<sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Ritorno al lavoro pi\u00f9 precoce rispetto al protocollo tradizionale<sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_34-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Diminuzione del rischio di tromboembolismo e osteoporosi<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_22-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Diminuzione del rischio di <a href=\"\/Complex_Regional_Pain_Syndrome_(CRPS)\" title=\"Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)\">sindrome da dolore regionale complesso (CRPS)<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_22-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Miglioramento del benessere generale e reinserimento sociale del paziente<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_22-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Diminuzione dei costi socio-economici<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_22-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Early_Mobilisation_Protocol\">Protocollo di mobilizzazione precoce<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Early Mobilisation Protocol\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\" title=\"Edit section: Early Mobilisation Protocol\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span id=\"Early_phase_(3_\u2013_6_weeks_post-surgery)(22)\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Early_phase_.283_.E2.80.93_6_weeks_post-surgery.29.5B22.5D\">Fase iniziale (3-6 settimane dopo l&#8217;intervento)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_22-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Early phase (3 \u2013 6 weeks post-surgery)(22)\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\" title=\"Edit section: Early phase (3 \u2013 6 weeks post-surgery)(22)\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Desensibilizzazione della sindrome da dolore regionale complesso: brushing, mirror therapy<\/li>\n<li>Condizionamento generale senza carico (NWB) e in carico parziale (PWB): ergometro per le braccia, ciclismo stazionario, Pilates su reformer, circuit training in palestra<\/li>\n<li>Preparazione per il carico completo (FWB) a 6 settimane<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\">\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:26.5px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_1_Sitting_on_the_ball.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 1 Sitting on the ball.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/74\/Phase_1_Sitting_on_the_ball.png\/250px-Phase_1_Sitting_on_the_ball.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/74\/Phase_1_Sitting_on_the_ball.png\/375px-Phase_1_Sitting_on_the_ball.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/74\/Phase_1_Sitting_on_the_ball.png\/500px-Phase_1_Sitting_on_the_ball.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:30.5px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_1_Proprioception.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 1 Proprioception.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/31\/Phase_1_Proprioception.png\/250px-Phase_1_Proprioception.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/31\/Phase_1_Proprioception.png\/375px-Phase_1_Proprioception.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/31\/Phase_1_Proprioception.png\/500px-Phase_1_Proprioception.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:28px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_1_leg_lift.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 1 leg lift.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/12\/Phase_1_leg_lift.png\/250px-Phase_1_leg_lift.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/12\/Phase_1_leg_lift.png\/375px-Phase_1_leg_lift.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/12\/Phase_1_leg_lift.png\/500px-Phase_1_leg_lift.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Full_weight_bearing:_PWB_-_FWB_(4_-_6_weeks_post-surgery)(22)\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Full_weight_bearing:_PWB_-_FWB_.284_-_6_weeks_post-surgery.29.5B22.5D\">Carico completo: PWB &#8211; FWB (4 &#8211; 6 settimane dopo l&#8217;intervento)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_22-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Full weight bearing: PWB - FWB (4 - 6 weeks post-surgery)(22)\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\" title=\"Edit section: Full weight bearing: PWB - FWB (4 - 6 weeks post-surgery)(22)\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Riabilitazione funzionale:\n<ul>\n<li>Fitness cardiovascolare (bicicletta)\n<ul>\n<li>Cyclette (spinning)<\/li>\n<li>Nuoto (senza calci)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Esercizi di rinforzo con meno del 50% del peso corporeo<\/li>\n<li>Esercizi propriocettivi (<a href=\"\/Balance_Error_Scoring_System\" title=\"Balance Error Scoring System\">Balance Error Scoring System<\/a>(BESS) con stampelle)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\">\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:29.5px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_2_leg_presses.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 2 leg presses.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/67\/Phase_2_leg_presses.png\/250px-Phase_2_leg_presses.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/67\/Phase_2_leg_presses.png\/375px-Phase_2_leg_presses.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/67\/Phase_2_leg_presses.png\/500px-Phase_2_leg_presses.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:31px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_2_hamstrings_curls.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 2 hamstrings curls.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Phase_2_hamstrings_curls.png\/250px-Phase_2_hamstrings_curls.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"318\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Phase_2_hamstrings_curls.png\/375px-Phase_2_hamstrings_curls.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Phase_2_hamstrings_curls.png\/500px-Phase_2_hamstrings_curls.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:29.5px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_2_heel_raises.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 2 heel raises.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/11\/Phase_2_heel_raises.png\/250px-Phase_2_heel_raises.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/11\/Phase_2_heel_raises.png\/375px-Phase_2_heel_raises.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/11\/Phase_2_heel_raises.png\/500px-Phase_2_heel_raises.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:29px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Bosu_board.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Bosu board.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Bosu_board.png\/250px-Bosu_board.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Bosu_board.png\/375px-Bosu_board.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Bosu_board.png\/500px-Bosu_board.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Full_weight_bearing_(week_6-8_post-surgery)(22)\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Full_weight_bearing_.28week_6-8_post-surgery.29.5B22.5D\">Carico completo (6-8 settimane dopo l&#8217;intervento)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_22-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Full weight bearing (week 6-8 post-surgery)(22)\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\" title=\"Edit section: Full weight bearing (week 6-8 post-surgery)(22)\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Passo (pedalare per riscaldarsi, poi camminare)<\/li>\n<li>Squat declinati<\/li>\n<li>Esercizi propriocettivi: affondi con torsioni, esercizi di perturbazione (trazione su base stabile)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\">\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:29.5px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_2_deep_squads.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 2 deep squads.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Phase_2_deep_squads.png\/250px-Phase_2_deep_squads.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Phase_2_deep_squads.png\/375px-Phase_2_deep_squads.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Phase_2_deep_squads.png\/500px-Phase_2_deep_squads.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:28.5px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_3_trunk_rotation.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 3 trunk rotation.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Phase_3_trunk_rotation.png\/250px-Phase_3_trunk_rotation.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Phase_3_trunk_rotation.png\/375px-Phase_3_trunk_rotation.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Phase_3_trunk_rotation.png\/500px-Phase_3_trunk_rotation.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:27.5px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_3_walking.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 3 walking.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Phase_3_walking.png\/250px-Phase_3_walking.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Phase_3_walking.png\/375px-Phase_3_walking.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Phase_3_walking.png\/500px-Phase_3_walking.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Full_weight_bearing_(week_8-10_post-surgery)(22)\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Full_weight_bearing_.28week_8-10_post-surgery.29.5B22.5D\">Carico completo (8-10 settimane dopo l&#8217;intervento)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_22-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Full weight bearing (week 8-10 post-surgery)(22)\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\" title=\"Edit section: Full weight bearing (week 8-10 post-surgery)(22)\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Camminare con bande di resistenza e pesi<\/li>\n<li>Step up e step over<\/li>\n<li>Equilibrio su una gamba sola \/ aeroplane<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Star_Excursion_Balance_Test\" title=\"Star Excursion Balance Test\">Star Excursion Balance Test<\/a> (SEBT)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\">\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:26.5px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_4_SEBT.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 4 SEBT.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Phase_4_SEBT.png\/250px-Phase_4_SEBT.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Phase_4_SEBT.png\/375px-Phase_4_SEBT.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Phase_4_SEBT.png\/500px-Phase_4_SEBT.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:31.5px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_4_aeroplane.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 4 aeroplane.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9a\/Phase_4_aeroplane.png\/250px-Phase_4_aeroplane.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"317\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9a\/Phase_4_aeroplane.png\/375px-Phase_4_aeroplane.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9a\/Phase_4_aeroplane.png\/500px-Phase_4_aeroplane.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin:27.5px auto;\"><a href=\"\/File:Phase_4_walking_backwards.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Phase 4 walking backwards.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7f\/Phase_4_walking_backwards.png\/250px-Phase_4_walking_backwards.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7f\/Phase_4_walking_backwards.png\/375px-Phase_4_walking_backwards.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7f\/Phase_4_walking_backwards.png\/500px-Phase_4_walking_backwards.png 2x\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Week_10_to_final_phase(22)\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Week_10_to_final_phase.5B22.5D\">Dalla 10a settimana alla fase finale<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_22-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Week 10 to final phase(22)\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21\" title=\"Edit section: Week 10 to final phase(22)\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Camminata di resistenza con peso (camminare al lavoro e tornare con uno zaino)<\/li>\n<li>Salto e atterraggio (parete di arrampicata indoor)<\/li>\n<li>Tempo totale dall&#8217;incidente &#8211; 14 settimane: trekking, terapia per lo stress post-traumatico<\/li>\n<li>Ortesi: scarponi da trekking, inserti, guaina compressiva per la parte inferiore delle gambe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Resources\">Risorse<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Resources\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22\" title=\"Edit section: Resources\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Henkelmann R, Schneider S, M\u00fcller D, Gahr R, Josten C, B\u00f6hme J. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12891-017-1461-0\">Outcome of patients after lower limb fracture with partial weight-bearing postoperatively treated with or without anti-gravity treadmill (alter G\u00ae) during six weeks of rehabilitation &#8211; a protocol of a prospective randomized trial.<\/a> BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017 Mar 14;18(1):104.<\/li>\n<li>Matthews PA, Scammell BE, Ali A, Coughlin T, Nightingale J, Khan T, Ollivere BJ. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/325481395_Early_motion_and_directed_exercise_EMADE_versus_usual_care_post_ankle_fracture_fixation_Study_protocol_for_a_pragmatic_randomised_controlled_trial\">Early motion and directed exercise (EMADE) versus usual care post ankle fracture fixation: study protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.<\/a> Trials. 2018 May 31;19(1):304.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">Citazioni<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Ankle_Fractures&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pfl\u00fcger P, Braun KF, Mair O, Kirchhoff C, Biberthaler P, Cr\u00f6nlein M. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/eor.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eor\/6\/8\/2058-5241.6.200138.xml\">Current management of trimalleolar ankle fractures.<\/a> EFORT Open Reviews. 2021 Aug 10;6(8):692-703.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Brockett CL, Chapman GJ. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1877132716300483\">Biomechanics of the ankle. 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PLoS One. 2015 Feb 19;10(2):e0118320.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20230109191911 Cache expiry: 0 Dynamic content: true Complications: () CPU time usage: 0.190 seconds Real time usage: 0.208 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 642\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 41\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/40 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 30411\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 10.158 1 Special:Contributors\/Ankle_Fractures 100.00% 10.158 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Redattrice principale &#8211; Ewa Jaraczewska sulla base del corso di Helene Simpson Principali collaboratori &#8211; Ewa Jaraczewska, Jess Bell e Kim Jackson Contenuti 1 Introduzione 2 Anatomia clinicamente rilevante 2.1 Articolazione della caviglia 2.1.1 Ossa 2.1.2 Legamenti 2.1.3 Muscoli 2.1.4 Neurale e vascolare 2.1.4.1 Neurale 2.1.4.2 Vascolare 3 Classificazioni delle fratture 4 Presentazione clinica 5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4565","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4565"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4727,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4565\/revisions\/4727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}