{"id":4389,"date":"2023-01-03T16:24:19","date_gmt":"2023-01-03T16:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/foot-and-ankle-assessment-investigations-and-tests-it\/"},"modified":"2023-01-10T01:25:14","modified_gmt":"2023-01-10T01:25:14","slug":"foot-and-ankle-assessment-investigations-and-tests-it","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/foot-and-ankle-assessment-investigations-and-tests-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Valutazione del piede e della caviglia &#8211; Indagini e test"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\">\n<p><b>Editrice principale<\/b> &#8211; <a title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\" href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\">Ewa Jaraczewska<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Contributori principali<\/b> &#8211; <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\" href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\"><bdi>Ewa Jaraczewska<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Admin\" href=\"\/User:Admin\"><bdi>Admin<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\" href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Lucinda hampton\" href=\"\/User:Lucinda_hampton\"><bdi>Lucinda hampton<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Samuel Adedigba\" href=\"\/User:Samuel_Adedigba\"><bdi>Samuel Adedigba<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Nikhil Benhur Abburi\" href=\"\/User:Nikhil_Benhur_Abburi\"><bdi>Nikhil Benhur Abburi<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Shejza Mino\" href=\"\/User:Shejza_Mino\"><bdi>Shejza Mino<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\" href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Rachael Lowe\" href=\"\/User:Rachael_Lowe\"><bdi>Rachael Lowe<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kai A. Sigel\" href=\"\/User:Kai_A._Sigel\"><bdi>Kai A. Sigel<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Simisola Ajeyalemi\" href=\"\/User:Simisola_Ajeyalemi\"><bdi>Simisola Ajeyalemi<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Khloud Shreif\" href=\"\/User:Khloud_Shreif\"><bdi>Khloud Shreif<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Evan Thomas\" href=\"\/User:Evan_Thomas\"><bdi>Evan Thomas<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Rucha Gadgil\" href=\"\/User:Rucha_Gadgil\"><bdi>Rucha Gadgil<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Wanda van Niekerk\" href=\"\/User:Wanda_van_Niekerk\"><bdi>Wanda van Niekerk<\/bdi><\/a> and <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Pinar Kisacik\" href=\"\/User:Pinar_Kisacik\"><bdi>Pinar Kisacik<\/bdi><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display: none;\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenuti<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduzione<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Investigations\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Indagini<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#X-Rays\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Radiografia<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Diagnostic_Ultrasound\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Ecografia diagnostica<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#MRI\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Risonanza magnetica<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#CT_Scan\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">TAC<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Special_Tests\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Test speciali<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Ottawa_Foot_and_Ankle_Rules\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Regole di Ottawa per il piede e la caviglia<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Knee_To_Wall_Test\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Knee-to-wall test<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Anterior_Drawer_Test\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Test del cassetto anteriore<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Squeeze_Test\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Squeeze test<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#External_Rotation_Test\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Test di rotazione esterna<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Cotton_Test\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Cotton test<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#Coleman_Block_Test\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Coleman Block Test<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#Other_Tests\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Altri test<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#Balance_Tests\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.9<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Test per l&#8217;equilibrio<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#BESS_Test\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.9.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">BESS Test<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Star_Excursion_Balance_Test_.28SEBT.29\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.9.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#Return_to_Sports_Tests\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.10<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Test per il ritorno allo sport<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-20\"><a href=\"#Outcome_Measures\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.11<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Misure di outcome<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-21\"><a href=\"#Conclusion\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Conclusione<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-22\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Citazioni<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Introduction\" class=\"mw-headline\">Introduzione<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Raccogliere l&#8217;anamnesi del paziente e fare una valutazione oggettiva \u00e8 il gold standard per la valutazione del piede e della caviglia. L&#8217;utilizzo di indagini ed test speciali ha lo scopo di confermare la diagnosi clinica.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Non possiamo trattare il paziente solo in base alle radiografie o ai risultati della risonanza magnetica. Queste cose devono essere combinate (con la valutazione oggettiva)&#8221;. <i>Helene Simpson<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><span id=\"Investigations\" class=\"mw-headline\">Indagini<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Investigations\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Investigations\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"X-Rays\" class=\"mw-headline\">X-Rays<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: X-Rays\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: X-Rays\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 302px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Lisfranc.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Lisfranc.jpg\/300px-Lisfranc.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Lisfranc.jpg\/450px-Lisfranc.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/b\/b4\/Lisfranc.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"140\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Complesso articolare di Lisfranc<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 302px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Sesamoid_Bone.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/55\/Sesamoid_Bone.png\/300px-Sesamoid_Bone.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/55\/Sesamoid_Bone.png\/450px-Sesamoid_Bone.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/55\/Sesamoid_Bone.png\/600px-Sesamoid_Bone.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Osso sesamoide nell&#8217;estremit\u00e0 distale del primo metatarso<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Una <a title=\"X-Rays\" href=\"\/X-Rays\">radiografia<\/a> pu\u00f2 aiutare a indagare le ossa e i tessuti molli:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Assiste nella diagnosi di <b><a title=\"Achilles Rupture\" href=\"\/Achilles_Rupture\">rottura del tendine d&#8217;Achille<\/a><\/b> basata sulla presenza di cinque segni radiologici.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> Una radiografia della caviglia laterale \u00e8 affidabile per supportare la diagnosi di rottura del tendine d&#8217;Achille.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Potrebbe non essere sufficiente per identificare le <b>fratture malleolari.<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La <b><a title=\"Syndesmotic Ankle Sprains\" href=\"\/Syndesmotic_Ankle_Sprains\">lesione della sindesmosi<\/a><\/b> viene spesso trascurata dalle radiografie.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Assiste nella diagnosi di <b><a title=\"Diagnostic Imaging of the Foot and Ankle for Physical Therapists\" href=\"\/Diagnostic_Imaging_of_the_Foot_and_Ankle_for_Physical_Therapists\">frattura alla caviglia<\/a><\/b>. Si consiglia di eseguire proiezioni antero-posteriori, laterali e del mortaio. La proiezione del mortaio si riferisce alla proiezione antero-posteriore con 15\u00b0 di rotazione interna. Se possibile, la radiografia dovrebbe essere eseguita con il paziente in posizione eretta. Si consiglia al paziente di stare in piedi anche con poco peso (anche con il 99% sul piede sano). Ci sono eccezioni quando c&#8217;\u00e8 una dislocazione evidente o una frattura aperta. Quando la frattura alla caviglia viene esclusa, ma non si registrano progressi nella riabilitazione e il paziente continua a lamentare dolore, \u00e8 necessario ripetere una radiografia entro 6 settimane per escludere una <a title=\"Ankle Osteochondral Lesions\" href=\"\/Ankle_Osteochondral_Lesions\">lesione osteocondrale<\/a> o una microfrattura.<\/li>\n<li>Il malallineamento della seconda articolazione tarso-metatarsale \u00e8 una caratteristica comune nelle <b><a title=\"Lisfranc Injuries\" href=\"\/Lisfranc_Injuries\">fratture-dislocazioni di Lisfranc<\/a>.<\/b> La proiezione antero-posteriore della radiografia mostra uno spostamento laterale della seconda base metatarsale e una diastasi di oltre 2 mm tra la prima e la seconda base metatarsale. Si raccomanda di eseguire la radiografia di ciascun piede in carico, in modo da poter confrontare il lato infortunato con quello controlaterale.<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Il <b>malallineamento del retropiede<\/b> \u00e8 causa di disabilit\u00e0 del piede e della caviglia. La valutazione dei risultati radiografici dell&#8217;allineamento del retropiede \u00e8 importante. La raccomandazione per scopi clinici e di ricerca \u00e8 di utilizzare la proiezione assiale lunga del retropiede in appoggio bipodalico. <sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La <b>frattura dell&#8217;<a title=\"Sesamoid\" href=\"\/Sesamoid\">osso sesamoide<\/a><\/b> si presenta nella radiografia come uno spazio irregolare tra i pezzi di osso. Una separazione liscia di due ossa visibile alla radiografia \u00e8 un segno normale in circa il 10% della popolazione.<\/li>\n<li>Le <b><a title=\"Ligament Sprain\" href=\"\/Ligament_Sprain\">lesioni legamentose<\/a><\/b> vengono confermate da una prima radiografia diagnostica solo nel 50% dei pazienti. Questo numero sale al 66% dei pazienti durante la seconda radiografia, quando la diagnosi \u00e8 stata confermata.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Diagnostic_Ultrasound\" class=\"mw-headline\">Ecografia diagnostica<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Diagnostic Ultrasound\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Diagnostic Ultrasound\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">fonte edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 302px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Mortons-neuroma-1.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/4b\/Mortons-neuroma-1.gif\/300px-Mortons-neuroma-1.gif\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/4b\/Mortons-neuroma-1.gif\/450px-Mortons-neuroma-1.gif 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/4b\/Mortons-neuroma-1.gif\/600px-Mortons-neuroma-1.gif 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Ecografia del Neuroma di Morton tra la 3a e la 4a testa metatarsale<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>L&#8217;<a title=\"Ultrasound Scans\" href=\"\/Ultrasound_Scans\">ecografia<\/a> diagnostica consente un esame dinamico della patologia del piede e della caviglia. Si tratta di uno strumento non invasivo, economico e prontamente disponibile, raccomandato come modalit\u00e0 diagnostica di prima linea per escludere lesioni ai <a title=\"Ligament\" href=\"\/Ligament\">legamenti<\/a>, <a title=\"Tendon Pathophysiology\" href=\"\/Tendon_Pathophysiology\">tendinite<\/a>, tenosinovite, <a title=\"Plantar Fasciitis\" href=\"\/Plantar_Fasciitis\">fascite plantare<\/a>, masse nei tessuti molli o <a title=\"Neuroma di Morton\" href=\"\/Morton%27s_Neuroma\">neuroma di Morton<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup> <sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;ecografia diagnostica \u00e8 risultata uno strumento diagnostico efficace per le seguenti lesioni del piede e della caviglia:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Fratture del quinto <a title=\"Metatarsal Fractures\" href=\"\/Metatarsal_Fractures\">metatarso<\/a>, del malleolo laterale e mediale<\/b> in pazienti con distorsioni del piede e\/o della caviglia. Nota: la sensibilit\u00e0 per le fratture <a title=\"Navicolare\" href=\"\/Navicular\">navicolari<\/a> \u00e8 bassa.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Per escludere una <b>lacerazione o distorsione del legamento talo-fibulare anteriore e del legamento calcaneo-fibulare<\/b>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Dolore alla caviglia correlato a patologie dei legamenti laterali, <b>patologie tendinee e versamento articolare<\/b>. Nota: uso limitato in caso di sospetta lesione del legamento talo-fibulare posteriore.<sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><b>Lesioni del tendine d&#8217;Achille<\/b>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Statisticamente significativo per la diagnosi di una <b>lesione della sindesmosi<\/b> a \u22656,0 mm di espansione dello spazio tibio-fibulare libero.<sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Dovrebbe essere considerata una modalit\u00e0 primaria per le <b>fratture del piede e della caviglia<\/b>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"MRI\" class=\"mw-headline\">Risonanza magnetica<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: MRI\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: MRI\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 217px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:MRI_Ankle_Sprain.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/30\/MRI_Ankle_Sprain.jpg\/215px-MRI_Ankle_Sprain.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/30\/MRI_Ankle_Sprain.jpg\/323px-MRI_Ankle_Sprain.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/3\/30\/MRI_Ankle_Sprain.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"215\" height=\"254\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Risonanza magnetica di una distorsione di caviglia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>La <a title=\"MRI Scans\" href=\"\/MRI_Scans\">risonanza magnetica<\/a> \u00e8 l&#8217;indagine di scelta nel dolore cronico del piede. Sulla base delle ricerche disponibili, la risonanza magnetica \u00e8 una modalit\u00e0 utilizzata in vari disturbi dei tessuti molli del piede e della caviglia grazie alla sua elevata risoluzione e al contrasto, ma l&#8217;interpretazione dei risultati \u00e8 fondamentale per una diagnosi corretta. La risonanza magnetica \u00e8 costosa e non sempre facilmente accessibile in molti paesi e dovrebbe essere il chirurgo ortopedico a richiedere questa particolare indagine.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;\u00c8 fantastico dare un&#8217;occhiata ai tuoi tessuti molli. Se stiamo cercando lesioni <a title=\"Cartilage\" href=\"\/Cartilage\">della cartilagine<\/a>, \u00e8 sensibile, ma potrebbe sovrastimare l&#8217;entit\u00e0 della lesione&#8221;. <i>Helene Simpson<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>La risonanza magnetica \u00e8:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Il gold standard per la diagnosi di <b>rottura del tendine d&#8217;Achille.<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_1-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Consigliata nei pazienti con dolore persistente a riposo in seguito a distorsioni della caviglia, poich\u00e9 l&#8217;esame clinico \u00e8 insufficiente quando si sospetta una <b> lesione sindesmotica<\/b>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Uno strumento decisionale preoperatorio per la <b>riparazione del legamento talo-fibulare anteriore<\/b> in caso di <b>instabilit\u00e0 cronica della caviglia laterale<\/b>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Un metodo di ispezione di routine per i legamenti della caviglia in caso di <b>lesioni legamentose alla caviglia<\/b>. Si consiglia una risonanza magnetica in carico perch\u00e9 la posizione trasversale e quella coronale possono mostrare l&#8217;intera lunghezza del legamento.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Uno strumento prezioso nella diagnosi del <b>dolore post-traumatico alla caviglia<\/b>, in quanto ha un&#8217;accuratezza del 96% nel rilevare le lesioni tendinee.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Vantaggiosa per la valutazione di tendini, legamenti, nervi e fasce e per il riconoscimento di <b>lesioni ossee occulte<\/b>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_19-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Un&#8217;indagine di scelta per la <b><a title=\"Metatarsalgia\" href=\"\/Metatarsalgia\">metatarsalgia<\/a><\/b> grazie alla sua alta risoluzione che dimostra l&#8217;anatomia del sesamoide, l&#8217;apparato gleno-sesamoideo plantare e i tendini flessori, abduttori e adduttori adiacenti.<sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"CT_Scan\" class=\"mw-headline\">TAC<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: CT Scan\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: CT Scan\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 212px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Triplane_fracture_CT.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f7\/Triplane_fracture_CT.png\/210px-Triplane_fracture_CT.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f7\/Triplane_fracture_CT.png\/316px-Triplane_fracture_CT.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f7\/Triplane_fracture_CT.png\/420px-Triplane_fracture_CT.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"233\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>TAC di una frattura su tre piani<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Nelle lesioni del piede e della caviglia, l&#8217;uso della <a title=\"CT Scans\" href=\"\/CT_Scans\">TAC<\/a> viene proposto come modalit\u00e0 per valutare il sottosistema passivo. \u00c8 uno strumento rapido e pu\u00f2 essere utilizzato durante l&#8217;intervento chirurgico. La tomografia computerizzata in carico (WBCT) consente di misurare e analizzare la posizione delle ossa del piede e della caviglia e le relative deformit\u00e0.<sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup> Le raccomandazioni per l&#8217;utilizzo della TAC e della TAC in carico (WBCT) sono:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Per valutare eventuali <b>fratture nell&#8217;area dell&#8217;articolazione della caviglia<\/b>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Per valutare una <b>riduzione sindesmotica<\/b>. \u00c8 stato dimostrato che una scansione TAC in carico (WBCT) \u00e8 pi\u00f9 affidabile.<sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Per prevedere le <b>lesioni della sindesmosi<\/b> nelle fratture di caviglia.<sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Per caratterizzare l&#8217;<b>allineamento del retropiede<\/b> in modo da determinare la quantit\u00e0 di traslazione necessaria per un allineamento neutro durante un&#8217;osteotomia calcaneale.<sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Per diagnosticare una sottile <b>instabilit\u00e0 di Lisfranc<\/b>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Special_Tests\" class=\"mw-headline\">Test speciali<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Special Tests\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Special Tests\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Ottawa_Foot_and_Ankle_Rules\" class=\"mw-headline\">Regole di Ottawa per il piede e la caviglia<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Ottawa Foot and Ankle Rules\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Ottawa Foot and Ankle Rules\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La regole di Ottawa per la caviglia determinano la necessit\u00e0 di effettuare radiografie nelle distorsioni acute di caviglia. Si tratta di uno strumento accurato per escludere le fratture alla caviglia e al mesopiede, ma il test presenta alcuni limiti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&#8217;elevata accuratezza \u00e8 vera per i primi 10 giorni dopo l&#8217;infortunio<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;alta sensibilit\u00e0 viene rilevata per i pazienti di et\u00e0 inferiore ai 55 anni<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Informazioni dettagliate sono disponibili alla pagina <a title=\"Ottawa Ankle Rules\" href=\"\/Ottawa_Ankle_Rules\">Ottawa Ankle Rule<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Knee_To_Wall_Test\" class=\"mw-headline\">Knee-to-wall test<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Knee To Wall Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Knee To Wall Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 302px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Helene_Simpson_Knee-to-Wall_Test.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a2\/Helene_Simpson_Knee-to-Wall_Test.jpg\/300px-Helene_Simpson_Knee-to-Wall_Test.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a2\/Helene_Simpson_Knee-to-Wall_Test.jpg\/450px-Helene_Simpson_Knee-to-Wall_Test.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a2\/Helene_Simpson_Knee-to-Wall_Test.jpg\/600px-Helene_Simpson_Knee-to-Wall_Test.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"190\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Knee-to-wall test<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Dovrebbe essere sempre eseguito nella valutazione delle lesioni alla caviglia e al piede<\/li>\n<li>Fornisce un metodo per valutare il range di movimento in flessione dorsale dell&#8217;articolazione della caviglia<\/li>\n<li>Consigliato quando si valutano condizioni come l&#8217;iperpronazione del piede o la fascite plantare<\/li>\n<li>Posizione di partenza per il test: dita dei piedi contro la parete e allontanamento graduale dalla parete. La distanza tra le dita dei piedi e la parete viene misurata con il righello e registrata per un confronto e una futura rivalutazione.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wV9tITMsbDs?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Informazioni dettagliate sono disponibili alla pagina <a title=\"Knee to Wall Test\" href=\"\/Knee_to_Wall_Test\">Knee To Wall Test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Anterior_Drawer_Test\" class=\"mw-headline\">Test del cassetto anteriore<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Anterior Drawer Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Anterior Drawer Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Sempre eseguito nella valutazione di una lesione alla caviglia e al piede<\/li>\n<li>Confrontare sempre con il lato &#8220;normale&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Durante il test ricordarsi di &#8220;abbracciare&#8221; il calcagno, perch\u00e9 \u00e8 quello che muove l&#8217;astragalo<\/li>\n<li>Per saperne di pi\u00f9 consultare la pagina <a title=\"Anterior Drawer of the Ankle\" href=\"\/Anterior_Drawer_of_the_Ankle\">Cassetto anteriore della caviglia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Squeeze_Test\" class=\"mw-headline\">Squeeze Test<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Squeeze Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Squeeze Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Eseguito per rilevare una lesione della sindesmosi<\/li>\n<li>Tentativo di riprodurre i sintomi di dolore<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Informazioni dettagliate sono disponibili alla pagina <a title=\"Squeeze Test\" href=\"\/Squeeze_Test\">Squeeze Test<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"External_Rotation_Test\" class=\"mw-headline\">Test di rotazione esterna<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: External Rotation Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: External Rotation Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\">modifica sorgente<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Eseguito per rilevare una lesione della sindesmosi<\/li>\n<li>Tentativo di riprodurre il meccanismo di lesione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LnB1fta_rQA?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Informazioni dettagliate sono disponibili alla pagina <a title=\"Kleiger's Test\" href=\"\/Kleiger%27s_Test\">Test di rotazione esterna<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Cotton_Test\" class=\"mw-headline\">Cotton Test<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Cotton Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Cotton Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Eseguito per rilevare un&#8217;instabilit\u00e0 della sindesmosi<\/li>\n<li>Si tratta di uno stress test manuale<\/li>\n<li>Identifica l&#8217;entit\u00e0 della traslazione laterale dell&#8217;astragalo all&#8217;interno del mortaio della caviglia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qX68KET3dls?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Coleman_Block_Test\" class=\"mw-headline\">Coleman Block Test<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Coleman Block Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Coleman Block Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Eseguito per valutare la flessibilit\u00e0 del retropiede e la pronazione dell&#8217;avampiede<\/li>\n<li>Completato supportando l&#8217;avampiede laterale su un blocco di legno di 2,5-4 cm di spessore<\/li>\n<li>Determina se un tallone in inversione \u00e8 dovuto a un problema dell&#8217;avampiede<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TCp25F0l7hc?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Other_Tests\" class=\"mw-headline\">Altri test<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Other Tests\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Other Tests\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\">modifica sorgente<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Altri test speciali includono:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Stress tests for Ankle ligaments\" href=\"\/Stress_tests_for_Ankle_ligaments\">Stress test per i legamenti della caviglia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Talar tilt\" href=\"\/Talar_tilt\">Test di inclinazione talare (talar tilt test)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Eversion Stress Test\" href=\"\/Eversion_Stress_Test\">Stress test in eversione<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Silfverskiold Test\" href=\"\/Silfverskiold_Test\">Test di Silfverski\u00f6ld<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Windlass Test\" href=\"\/Windlass_Test\">Windlass test<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Segno da impingement (conflitto) della caviglia\" href=\"\/Impingement_sign_ankle\">Segno da impingement (conflitto) della caviglia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Navicular Drop Test\" href=\"\/Navicular_Drop_Test\">Navicular drop test<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Per informazioni dettagliate su questi test, si prega di consultare le relative pagine con i link forniti.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Balance_Tests\" class=\"mw-headline\">Test per l&#8217;equilibrio<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Balance Tests\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Balance Tests\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span id=\"BESS_Test\" class=\"mw-headline\">BESS Test<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: BESS Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: BESS Test\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Strumento di valutazione della stabilit\u00e0 posturale<\/li>\n<li>Richiede due superfici per il test, un cronometro e una scheda di valutazione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Informazioni dettagliate sono disponibili alla pagina <a title=\"Balance Error Scoring System\" href=\"\/Balance_Error_Scoring_System\">Balance Error Scoring System<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Star_Excursion_Balance_Test_(SEBT)\"><\/span><span id=\"Star_Excursion_Balance_Test_.28SEBT.29\" class=\"mw-headline\">Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Valuta i movimenti anteriori<\/li>\n<li>Registrare i movimenti e confrontare i risultati<\/li>\n<li>Utilizzato per mostrare i progressi<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;<a title=\"Y Balance Test\" href=\"\/Y_Balance_Test\">Y balance test<\/a> \u00e8 una versione breve dello Star test<\/li>\n<li>Per saperne di pi\u00f9 si prega di consultare la pagina <a title=\"Star Excursion Balance Test\" href=\"\/Star_Excursion_Balance_Test\">Star Excursion Balance Test<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GBT9V78d6E0?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Return_to_Sports_Tests\" class=\"mw-headline\">Test per il ritorno allo sport<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Return to Sports Tests\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19\">modifica<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Return to Sports Tests\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\">modifica fonte<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Lo scopo della somministrazione di un test per il ritorno allo sport \u00e8 quello di determinare la prontezza di un individuo a partecipare ad attivit\u00e0 di alto livello.<\/p>\n<p>Test per il ritorno allo sport:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aiutano a determinare le tempistiche per il ritorno all&#8217;attivit\u00e0 non limitata.<\/li>\n<li>Mirano a diminuire il rischio di re-infortunio.<\/li>\n<li>Esaminano la capacit\u00e0 dell&#8217;atleta di ritornare allo sport. Dovrebbero imitare l&#8217;attivit\u00e0 dell&#8217;atleta. Esempio: test del <b>saltello su una gamba<\/b> o <b>salto a due gambe<\/b> per un saltatore in lungo con una storia di distorsione alla caviglia. Altri esempi sono il <b>jump-to-stability test<\/b> o la <b>shuttle run<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>Non sono standardizzati. Non sono disponibili dati a sostegno dell&#8217;uso di un solo test rispetto a una serie di test.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c8 importante utilizzare un&#8217;ampia gamma di valutazioni: ad esempio, i questionari autoriportati dal paziente e la valutazione dei fattori psicologici. <sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Si veda anche <a title=\"Return to Play in Sports\" href=\"\/Return_to_Play_in_Sports\">Ritorno al gioco nello sport<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Outcome_Measures\" class=\"mw-headline\">Misure di outcome<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Outcome Measures\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Outcome Measures\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Le lesioni al piede e alla caviglia sono piuttosto comuni e i progressi e la soddisfazione del paziente per gli outcome sono al centro dell&#8217;attenzione di tutti i fornitori di servizi fisioterapici. Le misure di outcome utilizzate nelle diverse fasi della riabilitazione aiutano a monitorare il miglioramento della funzione e a determinare se ci sono ulteriori limitazioni che impediscono al paziente di tornare a praticare sport o attivit\u00e0 quotidiane. Le misure di outcome autoriportate pi\u00f9 comunemente utilizzate per le lesioni al piede e alla caviglia sono le seguenti:<sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-32\">(32)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Foot and Ankle Ability Measure\" href=\"\/Foot_and_Ankle_Ability_Measure\">Foot and Ankle Ability Measure<\/a> (FAAM)<\/li>\n<li>Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Foot and Ankle Disability Index\" href=\"\/Foot_and_Ankle_Disability_Index\">Foot and Ankle Disability Index<\/a> (FADI)<\/li>\n<li>Lower\u2010Limb Tasks Questionnaire (LLTQ)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Foot Function Index (FFI)\" href=\"\/Foot_Function_Index_(FFI)\">Foot Function Index<\/a> (FFI)<\/li>\n<li>American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Lower Limb Core Score\/Foot and Ankle Module<\/li>\n<li>Ankle Joint Functional Assessment Tool (AJFAT)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"VISA-A scale\" href=\"\/VISA-A_scale\">VISA-A Scale<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Conclusion\" class=\"mw-headline\">Conclusione<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Conclusion\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Conclusion\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Si prega di vedere il video seguente che mostra l&#8217;applicazione e l&#8217;interpretazione dei test speciali per la valutazione del piede e della caviglia:<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 408px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 400px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/l6gkHR02rIM?\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-33\">(33)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">Citazioni<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_1-0\">1.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_1-1\">1.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_1-2\">1.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bowen L, Evans R, Bodger O, Howard J, Anne-Marie H. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/ebf8\/385215a158a6c5a2ea5b63554eba5dfa2d42.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Investigating the Validity of Soft Tissue Signs on Lateral Ankle X-Ray to Aid Diagnosis of Achilles Tendon Rupture in the Emergency Department<\/a>. Int J Foot Ankle. 2019;3:033.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_2-0\">2.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_2-1\">2.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_2-2\">2.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Szyma\u0144ski T, Zdanowicz U. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/reader.elsevier.com\/reader\/sd\/pii\/S1268773121000783?token=20BAABA2656F575E4601ED8303F1B6E4B0582F1FC9F97CE00713DCEF03C1EECA7C36EA352B30679E107BB48D397AC0AB&amp;originRegion=eu-west-1&amp;originCreation=20220108195539\" rel=\"nofollow\">Comparison of routine computed tomography and plain X-ray imaging for malleolar fractures\u2014How much do we miss<\/a>?. Foot and Ankle Surgery. 2021 Apr 1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Stavlas P, Roberts CS, Xypnitos FN, Giannoudis PV. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2989076\/pdf\/264_2010_Article_1101.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">The role of reduction and internal fixation of Lisfranc fracture-dislocations: a systematic review of the literature<\/a>. Int Orthop. 2010 Dec;34(8):1083-91. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">ML Reilingh, L Beimers, GJM Tuijthof, SAS Stufkens, M Maas, et al. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/40900666_Measuring_hindfoot_alignment_radiographically_The_long_axial_view_is_more_reliable_than_the_hindfoot_alignment_view\" rel=\"nofollow\">Measuring hindfoot alignment radiographically: the long axial view is more reliable than the hindfoot alignment view.<\/a> Skeletal radiology 2010;39 (11): 1103-1108.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_5-0\">5.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_5-1\">5.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Qi H, Feng Y. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/stamp\/stamp.jsp?tp=&amp;arnumber=9050426\" rel=\"nofollow\">Analysis of the clinical value of weight-bearing magnetic resonance diagnosis of ankle ligament sports injury.<\/a> IEEE Access. 2020 Mar 30;8:62725-37.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Khoury V, Guillin R, Dhanju J, Cardinal \u00c9. Ultrasound of ankle and foot: overuse and sports injuries. Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology 2007 Jun; 11(02): 149-161.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Rawool NM, Nazarian LN. Ultrasound of the ankle and foot. In: Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 2000 Jun; 21(3): 275-284. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Atilla OD, Yesilaras M, Kilic TY, Tur FC, Reisoglu A, Sever M, Aksay E. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1111\/acem.12467\" rel=\"nofollow\">The accuracy of bedside ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool for fractures in the ankle and foot.<\/a> Academic Emergency Medicine. 2014 Sep;21(9):1058-61.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hosseinian SH, Aminzadeh B, Rezaeian A, Jarahi L, Naeini AK, Jangjui P. Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound in Ankle Sprain. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. 2021 Aug 20.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Esmailian M, Ataie M, Ahmadi O, Rastegar S, Adibi A. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8106407\/pdf\/JRMS-26-14.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of a traumatic ankle injury.<\/a> Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2021;26.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Gribble PA. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jat\/article\/54\/6\/617\/420891\/Evaluating-and-Differentiating-Ankle-Instability\" rel=\"nofollow\">Evaluating and differentiating ankle instability<\/a>. Journal of athletic training. 2019 Jun;54(6):617-27.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Singh K, Thukral CL, Gupta K, Singh A. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6444321\/pdf\/jou-18-316.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Comparison of high-resolution ultrasonography with clinical findings in patients with ankle pain<\/a>. J Ultrason. 2018;18:316\u201324.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lee SH, Yun SJ. The feasibility of point-of-care ankle ultrasound examination in patients with a recurrent ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability: Comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Injury. 2017;48:2323\u20138.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Fisher CL, Rabbani T, Johnson K, Reeves R, Wood A. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-019-2899-z.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Diagnostic capability of dynamic ultrasound evaluation of supination-external rotation ankle injuries: a cadaveric study<\/a>. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2019 Dec;20(1):1-7.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Wu J, Wang Y, Wang Z. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/medultrason.ro\/medultrason\/index.php\/medultrason\/article\/view\/2659\/1656\" rel=\"nofollow\">The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the detection of foot and ankle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/a> Medical Ultrasonography. 2021 May 20;23(2):203-12.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Grossterlinden LG, Hartel M, Yamamura J, Schoennagel B, Burger N, Krause M, et al. Isolated syndesmotic injuries in acute ankle sprains: diagnostic significance of clinical examination and MRI. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(4):1180\u20136.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Morvan A, Klouche S, Thes A, Hardy P, Bauer T. Reliability and validity of preoperative MRI for surgical decision making in chronic lateral ankle instability. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology. 2018 May;28(4):713-9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Cao S, Wang C, Ma X, Wang X, Huang J, Zhang C, Wang K. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/josr-online.biomedcentral.com\/track\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13018-019-1102-4.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reliability and validity of different ankle MRI scanning planes for the anterior talofibular ligament injury diagnosis: a cadaveric study<\/a>. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research. 2019 Dec;14(1):1-8.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_19-0\">19.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_19-1\">19.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Elgohary MM, Abdul Rahim SA, Ibrahim TA. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.ekb.eg\/article_11782_9027f455004fbdf2c244f7188ed35c66.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Role of MRI in Evaluation of Traumatic Ankle Injuries<\/a>. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2017 Oct 1;69(3):2016-24.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Batta NS, Gupta A, Batra V. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mss-ijmsr.com\/imaging-findings-of-bilateral-medial-hallucal-sesamoid-insufficiency-in-a-marathon-runner\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Imaging Findings of Bilateral Medial Hallucal Sesamoid Insufficiency in a Marathon Runner<\/a>. Indian J Musculoskelet Radiol 2019;1(1):57-60.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Rojas EO, Barbachan Mansur NS, Dibbern K, Lalevee M, Auch E, Schmidt E, Vivtcharenko V, Li S, Phisitkul P, Femino J, de Cesar Netto C. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8259196\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Weightbearing Computed Tomography for Assessment of Foot and Ankle Deformities: The Iowa Experience.<\/a> Iowa Orthop J. 2021;41(1):111-119.<\/span> <\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Abdelaziz ME, Hagemeijer N, Guss D, El-Hawary A, El-Mowafi H, DiGiovanni CW. Evaluation of syndesmosis reduction on CT scan. Foot &amp; ankle international. 2019 Sep;40(9):1087-93.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lee SW, Lee KJ, Park CH, Kwon HJ, Kim BS. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/10\/812\/htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Valid Diagnostic Parameters in Bilateral CT Scan to Predict Unstable Syndesmotic Injury with Ankle Fracture<\/a>. Diagnostics. 2020 Oct;10(10):812.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Burssens A, Peeters J, Buedts K, Victor J, Vandeputte G. Measuring hindfoot alignment in weight-bearing CT: A novel clinical relevant measurement method. Foot Ankle Surg. 2016 Dec;22(4):233-238.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bhimani R, Sornsakrin P, Ashkani\u2010Esfahani S, Lubberts B, Guss D, De Cesar Netto C, Waryasz GR, Kerkhoffs GM, DiGiovanni CW. Using area and volume measurement via weight-bearing CT to detect Lisfranc instability. Journal of Orthopaedic Research\u00ae. 2021 Jan 6.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">The Weight Bearing Lunge Test. 2017. 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Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=l6gkHR02rIM\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=l6gkHR02rIM<\/a> (last accessed 30\/6\/2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20221219202759 Cache expiry: 0 Dynamic content: true Complications: () CPU time usage: 0.153 seconds Real time usage: 0.172 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 508\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 238\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/40 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 21051\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 36.658 1 Special:Contributors\/Foot_and_Ankle_Assessment-Investigations_and_Tests 100.00% 36.658 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Editrice principale &#8211; Ewa Jaraczewska Contributori principali &#8211; Ewa Jaraczewska, Admin, Kim Jackson, Lucinda hampton, Samuel Adedigba, Nikhil Benhur Abburi, Shejza Mino, Jess Bell, Rachael Lowe, Kai A. Sigel, Simisola Ajeyalemi, Khloud Shreif, Evan Thomas, Rucha Gadgil, Wanda van Niekerk and Pinar Kisacik Contenuti 1 Introduzione 2 Indagini 2.1 Radiografia 2.2 Ecografia diagnostica 2.3 Risonanza [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4389","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4389"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4463,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4389\/revisions\/4463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}