{"id":11019,"date":"2024-10-24T21:30:29","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T21:30:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/assessment-of-plantar-heel-pain-a-literature-review-it\/"},"modified":"2026-01-16T07:56:21","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T07:56:21","slug":"assessment-of-plantar-heel-pain-a-literature-review-it","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/assessment-of-plantar-heel-pain-a-literature-review-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Valutazione del dolore al tallone plantare &#8211; Una revisione della letteratura"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\">\n<p><b>Redazione originale <\/b>&#8211; <a title=\"User:Merinda Rodseth\" href=\"\/User:Merinda_Rodseth\">Merinda Rodseth<\/a> sulla base del corso di<br \/>\n<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/course_tutor\/bernice-saban\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Bernice Saban<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Contributori principali<\/b>  &#8211;  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Merinda Rodseth\" href=\"\/User:Merinda_Rodseth\"><bdi>Merinda Rodseth<\/bdi><\/a>,  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\" href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a>,  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\" href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a>,  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\" href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\"><bdi>Ewa Jaraczewska<\/bdi><\/a> e <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Olajumoke Ogunleye\" href=\"\/User:Olajumoke_Ogunleye\"><bdi>Olajumoke Ogunleye<\/bdi><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display: none;\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenuti<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduzione<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Assessment_Tools_for_PHPS\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Strumenti di valutazione per la PHPS<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Windlass_Test\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Windlass Test<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Palpation_of_the_Painful_Heel_Area\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Palpazione dell&#8217;area dolorosa del tallone<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Imaging\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Diagnostica per immagini\/imaging<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Tinel%E2%80%99s_Tarsal_Tunnel_Test\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Test del tunnel tarsale di Tinel<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Patient_Reported_Outcomes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Outcome riferiti dal paziente<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#What_do_Physiotherapists_do?\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Cosa fanno i fisioterapisti?<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Conclusion\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Conclusioni<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Citazioni<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Introduction\" class=\"mw-headline\">Introduzione<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La diagnosi di <a title=\"Introduzione sul dolore al tallone plantare\" href=\"\/Introduction_to_Plantar_Heel_Pain\">sindrome del dolore al tallone plantare<\/a> (PHPS) si basa prevalentemente sui sintomi del paziente e sulla palpazione manuale del tallone doloroso.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> Tuttavia, non siamo ancora in grado di confermare questa diagnosi attraverso un test clinico affidabile Questo \u00e8 significativo, in quanto sono necessari strumenti di valutazione validi per garantire una gestione ottimale. Questi strumenti non solo assicurano che i professionisti sanitari possano valutare lo stato del paziente, ma evidenziano anche l&#8217;efficacia del trattamento e guidano i metodi di trattamento da utilizzare.<\/p>\n<p>Questo articolo fornir\u00e0 un&#8217;analisi della letteratura disponibile sulla valutazione della PHPS.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Assessment_Tools_for_PHPS\" class=\"mw-headline\">Strumenti di valutazione per la PHPS<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Strumenti di valutazione per PHPS\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Strumenti di valutazione per PHPS\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">modifica fonte<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sono stati proposti diversi test per la valutazione e la diagnosi della PHPS, ma nessuno \u00e8 stato accettato come il &#8220;gold standard&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> Ci\u00f2 richiede un&#8217;analisi della ricerca disponibile per identificare quali dei test proposti siano affidabili e validi per la valutazione della PHPS (Figura 1).<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Assessment_tools_for_PHP.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Assessment_tools_for_PHP.jpg\/450px-Assessment_tools_for_PHP.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Assessment_tools_for_PHP.jpg\/675px-Assessment_tools_for_PHP.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Assessment_tools_for_PHP.jpg\/900px-Assessment_tools_for_PHP.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Strumenti di valutazione per PHP.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Figura 1<\/b>. Strumenti di valutazione per la PHPS <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Windlass_Test\" class=\"mw-headline\">Windlass Test<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Prova del verricello\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Prova del verricello\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Il &#8220;meccanismo del windlass&#8221; descrive il modo in cui la <a title=\"Plantar Aponeurosis\" href=\"\/Plantar_Aponeurosis\">fascia plantare<\/a> sostiene il piede durante le attivit\u00e0 in carico e fornisce informazioni sulle sollecitazioni biomeccaniche a cui \u00e8 sottoposta la fascia plantare.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> Hicks<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup> ha originariamente descritto il piede e i suoi legamenti come una &#8220;struttura triangolare simile a un arco&#8221; con la fascia plantare che forma la base\/il tirante che va dal calcagno alle falangi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> Nella fase propulsiva del passo, la fascia plantare \u00e8 arrotolata intorno alla testa del primo metatarso durante la flessione dorsale della caviglia e dell&#8217;alluce. Questo accorcia la distanza tra il calcagno e i metatarsi. L&#8217;accorciamento della fascia plantare che risulta dalla flessione dorsale dell&#8217;alluce simula il meccanismo del &#8220;windlass&#8221; (corda\/cavo in tensione).<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_4-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Il <a title=\"Windlass Test\" href=\"\/Windlass_Test\">Windlass Test<\/a>, quindi, induce uno sforzo sulla fascia plantare attraverso la flessione dorsale forzata dell&#8217;alluce. Questa sollecitazione \u00e8 associata a un aumento del dolore nel punto di inserzione della fascia plantare nei pazienti con fascite plantare.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup> Tuttavia, quando De Garceau et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_6-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup> hanno studiato l&#8217;associazione tra la diagnosi di fascite plantare e i risultati del Windlass Test, hanno scoperto che sebbene il test sia specifico per la PHPS, ha un basso tasso di sensibilit\u00e0 che ne limita il valore nella valutazione clinica (Figura 2).<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Plantar_fasciitis_and_Windlass_test.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/14\/Plantar_fasciitis_and_Windlass_test.jpg\/400px-Plantar_fasciitis_and_Windlass_test.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/14\/Plantar_fasciitis_and_Windlass_test.jpg\/600px-Plantar_fasciitis_and_Windlass_test.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/14\/Plantar_fasciitis_and_Windlass_test.jpg\/800px-Plantar_fasciitis_and_Windlass_test.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Fascite plantare e test di Windlass.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Figura 2<\/b>. L&#8217;associazione tra la diagnosi di fascite plantare e i risultati del Windlass Test <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_6-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La sollecitazione indotta dall&#8217;estensione del primo metatarso, inoltre, non era limitata alla sola fascia plantare, ma comprendeva diverse strutture del piede, tra cui il nervo tibiale e il nervo plantare mediale.<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Windlass_and_assessment_PHPS2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Windlass_and_assessment_PHPS2.jpg\/700px-Windlass_and_assessment_PHPS2.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Windlass_and_assessment_PHPS2.jpg\/1050px-Windlass_and_assessment_PHPS2.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/d\/d9\/Windlass_and_assessment_PHPS2.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Salpa ancora e valutazione PHPS2.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"81\" data-file-width=\"1103\" data-file-height=\"127\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Palpation_of_the_Painful_Heel_Area\" class=\"mw-headline\">Palpazione dell&#8217;area dolorosa del tallone<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Palpazione dell'area dolorosa del tallone\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Palpazione dell'area dolorosa del tallone\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">fonte edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>La palpazione manuale del tallone eseguita con una pressione del pollice \u00e8 uno strumento comunemente utilizzato dai professionisti clinici per individuare il sito esatto del dolore. \u00c8 stato proposto che questo possa essere d&#8217;aiuto sia per la diagnosi che per la prescrizione del trattamento nei pazienti con PHPS.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup> Tuttavia, nessuno studio ha quantificato la pressione meccanica necessaria per provocare il dolore nei pazienti con PHPS e non esistono studi clinici che la supportino come valido strumento di valutazione della PHPS.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 302px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Topographic_distribution_of_pressure_pain_sensitivity_Saban_2016.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/86\/Topographic_distribution_of_pressure_pain_sensitivity_Saban_2016.jpg\/300px-Topographic_distribution_of_pressure_pain_sensitivity_Saban_2016.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/86\/Topographic_distribution_of_pressure_pain_sensitivity_Saban_2016.jpg\/450px-Topographic_distribution_of_pressure_pain_sensitivity_Saban_2016.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/86\/Topographic_distribution_of_pressure_pain_sensitivity_Saban_2016.jpg\/600px-Topographic_distribution_of_pressure_pain_sensitivity_Saban_2016.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p><b>Figura 3<\/b>. Distribuzione topografica della sensibilit\u00e0 al dolore da pressione del tallone <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> <sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_8-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Saban e Masharawi<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_8-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup> hanno utilizzato la soglia del dolore da pressione (PPT) per valutare l&#8217;area e l&#8217;estensione della sensibilit\u00e0 al dolore in individui con e senza dolore al tallone (Figura 3). Hanno identificato la parte anteriore mediale del tallone come il punto pi\u00f9 sensibile, ma non sono state riscontrate differenze significative tra i soggetti con e senza dolore al tallone (Figura 4). Ci\u00f2 significa che il test non \u00e8 abbastanza sensibile per la PHPS e non \u00e8 quindi uno strumento diagnostico per il dolore al tallone. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_8-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 402px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:PPT_for_heel_pain_Saban_2016.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/27\/PPT_for_heel_pain_Saban_2016.jpg\/400px-PPT_for_heel_pain_Saban_2016.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/27\/PPT_for_heel_pain_Saban_2016.jpg\/600px-PPT_for_heel_pain_Saban_2016.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/27\/PPT_for_heel_pain_Saban_2016.jpg\/800px-PPT_for_heel_pain_Saban_2016.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p><b>Figura 4<\/b>. Valori della soglia del dolore da pressione <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_8-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Palpation_as_assessment2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/55\/Palpation_as_assessment2.jpg\/700px-Palpation_as_assessment2.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/55\/Palpation_as_assessment2.jpg\/1050px-Palpation_as_assessment2.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/5\/55\/Palpation_as_assessment2.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Palpazione come valutazione2.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"83\" data-file-width=\"1111\" data-file-height=\"132\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Imaging\" class=\"mw-headline\">Diagnostica per immagini\/imaging<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Imaging\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Imaging\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>La diagnostica per immagini \u00e8 generalmente utile per ottenere una diagnosi accurata, per indurre un trattamento appropriato e per determinare la prognosi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> Sono stati utilizzati diversi metodi di diagnostica per immagini, tra cui la <a title=\"X-Rays\" href=\"\/X-Rays\">radiografia<\/a> convenzionale, l&#8217;<a title=\"Ultrasound Scans\" href=\"\/Ultrasound_Scans\">ecografia<\/a> e la <a title=\"MRI Scans\" href=\"\/MRI_Scans\">risonanza magnetica<\/a> (MRI), per valutare le varie strutture coinvolte nel <a title=\"Plantar Heel Pain\" href=\"\/Plantar_Heel_Pain\">dolore al tallone<\/a> (Figura 5).<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Imaging_PHPS2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Imaging_PHPS2.jpg\/450px-Imaging_PHPS2.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Imaging_PHPS2.jpg\/675px-Imaging_PHPS2.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Imaging_PHPS2.jpg\/900px-Imaging_PHPS2.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Imaging PHPS2.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"219\" data-file-width=\"902\" data-file-height=\"439\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Figura 5<\/b>. Modalit\u00e0 di imaging e tessuti esaminati <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><b><u>Imaging della fascia plantare<\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00c8 emerso che i soggetti con PHPS hanno 105 volte pi\u00f9 probabilit\u00e0 di presentare una fascia plantare ispessita di oltre 4,0 mm rispetto a quelli che non hanno la PHPH, il che lo rende un segno affidabile di PHPS.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_2-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In seguito, Mahowald et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup> hanno studiato la correlazione tra lo spessore della fascia plantare e i sintomi della <a title=\"Plantar Fasciitis\" href=\"\/Plantar_Fasciitis\">fascite plantare<\/a> come metodo per valutare l&#8217;efficacia delle modalit\u00e0 di trattamento. Hanno scoperto che una riduzione del dolore era fortemente correlata alla riduzione dello spessore della fascia plantare. Lo spessore della fascia plantare, tuttavia, \u00e8 rimasto superiore a 4 mm, il che sarebbe ancora indicativo di PHPS (Figura 6).<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbnail tnone\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 402px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Plantar_fasia_thickness_and_symptoms_Mahowald_2011.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/82\/Plantar_fasia_thickness_and_symptoms_Mahowald_2011.jpg\/400px-Plantar_fasia_thickness_and_symptoms_Mahowald_2011.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/82\/Plantar_fasia_thickness_and_symptoms_Mahowald_2011.jpg\/600px-Plantar_fasia_thickness_and_symptoms_Mahowald_2011.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/82\/Plantar_fasia_thickness_and_symptoms_Mahowald_2011.jpg\/800px-Plantar_fasia_thickness_and_symptoms_Mahowald_2011.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p><b>Figura 6<\/b>. Correlazione tra lo spessore della fascia plantare e i sintomi della fascite plantare <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_14-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Rathleff et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup> hanno utilizzato lo spessore della fascia plantare come misura di outcome per valutare l&#8217;efficacia degli inserti per scarpe e lo stretching specifico per la fascia plantare rispetto agli inserti per scarpe e l&#8217;allenamento della forza ad alto carico nei pazienti con fascite plantare. Hanno anche riportato una riduzione dello spessore della fascia plantare in entrambi i gruppi, ma lo spessore della fascia plantare \u00e8 rimasto comunque superiore a 4 mm (Figura 7).<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_15-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbnail tnone\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 402px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Rathleff_plantar_fascia_thickness.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Rathleff_plantar_fascia_thickness.jpg\/400px-Rathleff_plantar_fascia_thickness.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Rathleff_plantar_fascia_thickness.jpg\/600px-Rathleff_plantar_fascia_thickness.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Rathleff_plantar_fascia_thickness.jpg\/800px-Rathleff_plantar_fascia_thickness.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p><b>Figura 7<\/b>. Cambiamenti nello spessore della fascia plantare con un programma di allungamento e rinforzo <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_15-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Plantar_fascia_thickness_asessement2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/54\/Plantar_fascia_thickness_asessement2.jpg\/700px-Plantar_fascia_thickness_asessement2.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/54\/Plantar_fascia_thickness_asessement2.jpg\/1050px-Plantar_fascia_thickness_asessement2.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/5\/54\/Plantar_fascia_thickness_asessement2.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Valutazione dello spessore della fascia plantare2.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"85\" data-file-width=\"1146\" data-file-height=\"139\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ulteriori risultati di imaging relativi alla fascia plantare sono riportati nella Figura 8.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_2-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_12-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Additional_characteristics_of_PF_on_imaging.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/43\/Additional_characteristics_of_PF_on_imaging.jpg\/400px-Additional_characteristics_of_PF_on_imaging.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/43\/Additional_characteristics_of_PF_on_imaging.jpg\/600px-Additional_characteristics_of_PF_on_imaging.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/43\/Additional_characteristics_of_PF_on_imaging.jpg\/800px-Additional_characteristics_of_PF_on_imaging.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Caratteristiche aggiuntive del PF sull'imaging.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Figura 8<\/b>. Ulteriori caratteristiche della fascia plantare evidenti con la diagnostica per immagini <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><b><u>Imaging di altre strutture del piede<\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Oltre allo spessore della fascia plantare, anche i <a title=\"Sindrome del cuscinetto di grasso del tallone\" href=\"\/Heel_Fat_Pad_Syndrome\">cuscinetti del tallone<\/a> e gli <a title=\"Calcaneal Spurs\" href=\"\/Calcaneal_Spurs\">speroni calcaneali<\/a> sono evidenti nella diagnostica per immagini ma, come discusso <a title=\"Fattori di rischio per lo sviluppo della sindrome del dolore al tallone plantare - Una revisione della letteratura\" href=\"\/Risk_Factors_for_the_Development_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_Syndrome_-_A_Literature_Review\">qui<\/a>, non sono significativi nella PHPS. L&#8217;influenza dell&#8217;elettromiografia sar\u00e0 discussa in modo pi\u00f9 approfondito nel corso di anatomia (Figura 9).<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Imaging_in_PHPS.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e1\/Imaging_in_PHPS.jpg\/400px-Imaging_in_PHPS.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e1\/Imaging_in_PHPS.jpg\/600px-Imaging_in_PHPS.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/e\/e1\/Imaging_in_PHPS.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Imaging in PHPS.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"320\" data-file-width=\"664\" data-file-height=\"531\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Figura 9<\/b>. Imaging di altre strutture del piede <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Anche se gli studi di imaging medico possono essere utili per rilevare anomalie nei piedi di individui con dolore al tallone, ci sono ancora controversie sulla loro capacit\u00e0 di identificare gli individui con PHPS e di riflettere cambiamenti significativi nelle condizioni del paziente. Inoltre, non \u00e8 comunemente disponibile per molti clinici per la valutazione in loco dei pazienti.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Imaging_assessment_and_PHPS2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5d\/Imaging_assessment_and_PHPS2.jpg\/700px-Imaging_assessment_and_PHPS2.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5d\/Imaging_assessment_and_PHPS2.jpg\/1050px-Imaging_assessment_and_PHPS2.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/5\/5d\/Imaging_assessment_and_PHPS2.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Valutazione dell'imaging e PHPS2.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"87\" data-file-width=\"1108\" data-file-height=\"138\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Tinel.E2.80.99s_Tarsal_Tunnel_Test\"><\/span><span id=\"Tinel\u2019s_Tarsal_Tunnel_Test\" class=\"mw-headline\">Test del tunnel tarsale di Tinel<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Test di Tinel del tunnel tarsale\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Test di Tinel del tunnel tarsale\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">modifica fonte<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 302px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Tarsal_tunnel.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Tarsal_tunnel.jpg\/300px-Tarsal_tunnel.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Tarsal_tunnel.jpg\/450px-Tarsal_tunnel.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Tarsal_tunnel.jpg\/600px-Tarsal_tunnel.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"184\" data-file-width=\"905\" data-file-height=\"554\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p><b>Figura 10<\/b>. Strutture nel tunnel tarsale<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>La <a title=\"Sindrome del tunnel tarsale\" href=\"\/Tarsal_Tunnel_Syndrome\">sindrome del tunnel tarsale<\/a> \u00e8 un intrappolamento del nervo tibiale o dei suoi rami nel tunnel tarsale fibroso. \u00c8 stata anche proposta come causa del dolore al tallone plantare (Figura 10).<sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup> <a title=\"Tinel\u2019s Test\" href=\"\/Tinel%E2%80%99s_Test\">Il test del tunnel tarsale di Tinel<\/a>, che consiste nel picchiettare il nervo tibiale nel tunnel tarsale per provocare un dolore o un formicolio al tallone, \u00e8 stato quindi proposto come strumento di valutazione per la PHPS (Figura 10).<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup> Tuttavia, attualmente non ci sono evidenze a sostegno dell&#8217;uso del test del tunnel tarsale di Tinel nella PHPS.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Tinel%27s_test_and_PHPS.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7c\/Tinel%27s_test_and_PHPS.jpg\/700px-Tinel%27s_test_and_PHPS.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7c\/Tinel%27s_test_and_PHPS.jpg\/1050px-Tinel%27s_test_and_PHPS.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/7\/7c\/Tinel%27s_test_and_PHPS.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Test di Tinel e PHPS.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"87\" data-file-width=\"1127\" data-file-height=\"140\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Patient_Reported_Outcomes\" class=\"mw-headline\">Outcome riferiti dal paziente<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Risultati riportati dai pazienti\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Risultati riportati dai pazienti\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">fonte edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&#8220;Gli outcome riferiti dal paziente (Patient Reported Outcomes, PRO) sono riferiti direttamente dal paziente senza l&#8217;interpretazione della sua risposta da parte di un clinico o di chiunque altro e riguardano la salute, la qualit\u00e0 della vita o lo stato funzionale del paziente associati all&#8217;assistenza o al trattamento sanitario&#8221;. <sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup> Per via della mancanza di misure oggettive per valutare la PHPS, molti studi hanno utilizzato gli <a title=\"Outcome Measures\" href=\"\/Outcome_Measures\">outcome riferiti dal paziente<\/a> come metodo per valutare l&#8217;efficacia delle modalit\u00e0 di trattamento nei soggetti con PHPS.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> Entrambe le linee guida cliniche sul dolore al tallone dell&#8217;American Physical Therapy Association <sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup> raccomandano l&#8217;uso di quattro diversi PRO nella valutazione del PHPS (Figura 11).<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Guidelines_for_PROs_for_PHPS.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Guidelines_for_PROs_for_PHPS.jpg\/450px-Guidelines_for_PROs_for_PHPS.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Guidelines_for_PROs_for_PHPS.jpg\/675px-Guidelines_for_PROs_for_PHPS.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Guidelines_for_PROs_for_PHPS.jpg\/900px-Guidelines_for_PROs_for_PHPS.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Linee guida per i PRO per PHPS.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"297\" data-file-width=\"920\" data-file-height=\"608\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Figura 11<\/b>. Outcome riferiti dal paziente raccomandati dalle linee guida cliniche dell&#8217;American Physical Therapy Association <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_9-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_19-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Martin et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup> hanno proposto che, per poter interpretare correttamente i loro punteggi, le misure di outcome per il piede e la caviglia dovrebbero possedere quattro qualit\u00e0 distinte. Queste qualit\u00e0 dovrebbero essere prese in considerazione dai clinici quando selezionano e utilizzano una misura di outcome (Figura 12).<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Four_categories_of_evidence_for_PRO.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/63\/Four_categories_of_evidence_for_PRO.jpg\/450px-Four_categories_of_evidence_for_PRO.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/63\/Four_categories_of_evidence_for_PRO.jpg\/675px-Four_categories_of_evidence_for_PRO.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/63\/Four_categories_of_evidence_for_PRO.jpg\/900px-Four_categories_of_evidence_for_PRO.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Quattro categorie di prove per PRO.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Figura 12<\/b>. Categorie di evidenze per i PRO <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_20-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In seguito, Martin et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_20-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup> hanno raccomandato l&#8217;uso di cinque strumenti nei soggetti con patologie legate al piede e alla caviglia, quattro dei quali coincidono anche con quelli proposti dalle linee guida cliniche dell&#8217;American Physical Therapy Association (Figura 13).<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_9-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_19-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Self_reported_outcome_measures_for_the_foot_and_ankle_Martin_2007.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Self_reported_outcome_measures_for_the_foot_and_ankle_Martin_2007.jpg\/450px-Self_reported_outcome_measures_for_the_foot_and_ankle_Martin_2007.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Self_reported_outcome_measures_for_the_foot_and_ankle_Martin_2007.jpg\/675px-Self_reported_outcome_measures_for_the_foot_and_ankle_Martin_2007.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Self_reported_outcome_measures_for_the_foot_and_ankle_Martin_2007.jpg\/900px-Self_reported_outcome_measures_for_the_foot_and_ankle_Martin_2007.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Misure di esito auto-riportate per il piede e la caviglia Martin 2007.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Figura 13<\/b>. Misure di outcome autoriferite per il piede e la caviglia <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_9-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup> <sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_19-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_20-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In uno studio di meta-analisi della letteratura su piede e caviglia del periodo 2002-2011, Hunt et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:13_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:13-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup> hanno identificato 139 diversi questionari per il dolore al piede. Tra i cinque PRO pi\u00f9 utilizzati c&#8217;era il <a title=\"Foot Function Index (FFI)\" href=\"\/Foot_Function_Index_(FFI)\">Foot Function Index<\/a> (FFI), incluso anche nelle linee guida cliniche (Figura 14).<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_9-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_19-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:13_21-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:13-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Most_popular_PROs_Hunt_2013.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/bf\/Most_popular_PROs_Hunt_2013.jpg\/450px-Most_popular_PROs_Hunt_2013.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/bf\/Most_popular_PROs_Hunt_2013.jpg\/675px-Most_popular_PROs_Hunt_2013.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/bf\/Most_popular_PROs_Hunt_2013.jpg\/900px-Most_popular_PROs_Hunt_2013.jpg 2x\" alt=\"I PRO pi\u00f9 popolari Caccia 2013.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Figura 14<\/b>. I cinque PRO pi\u00f9 popolari per il dolore alla caviglia e al piede <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:13_21-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:13-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La Figura 15 contiene alcuni punti conclusivi da tenere in considerazione quando si utilizzano i PRO.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Conclusion_on_PROs.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/fe\/Conclusion_on_PROs.jpg\/450px-Conclusion_on_PROs.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/fe\/Conclusion_on_PROs.jpg\/675px-Conclusion_on_PROs.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/fe\/Conclusion_on_PROs.jpg\/900px-Conclusion_on_PROs.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Conclusione sui PRO.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" data-file-width=\"1280\" data-file-height=\"720\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Figura 15<\/b>. Conclusione sui PRO <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>I PRO potrebbero essere ideali per determinare la percezione che il paziente ha delle proprie capacit\u00e0, ma non riescono a cogliere appieno l&#8217;entit\u00e0 del funzionamento del paziente.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> I PRO sono quindi pi\u00f9 utili per valutare una serie di trattamenti piuttosto che singoli trattamenti.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:PROs_and_PHPS.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d0\/PROs_and_PHPS.jpg\/700px-PROs_and_PHPS.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d0\/PROs_and_PHPS.jpg\/1050px-PROs_and_PHPS.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/d\/d0\/PROs_and_PHPS.jpg 2x\" alt=\"PRO e PHPS.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"84\" data-file-width=\"1104\" data-file-height=\"133\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"What_do_Physiotherapists_do.3F\"><\/span><span id=\"What_do_Physiotherapists_do?\" class=\"mw-headline\">Cosa fanno i fisioterapisti?<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Cosa fanno i fisioterapisti?\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Cosa fanno i fisioterapisti?\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">modifica fonte<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Poich\u00e9 mancano misure oggettive per la valutazione della PHPS, Grieve e Palmer <sup id=\"cite_ref-:14_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:14-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup> hanno condotto un sondaggio online tra i fisioterapisti del Regno Unito sull&#8217;attuale approccio alla fascite plantare. Hanno ricevuto 257 questionari compilati in risposta alla loro indagine. Una sintesi dei loro risultati \u00e8 riportata nella Figura 16. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:14_22-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:14-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Current_PT_practice_for_dx_PF.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ec\/Current_PT_practice_for_dx_PF.jpg\/450px-Current_PT_practice_for_dx_PF.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ec\/Current_PT_practice_for_dx_PF.jpg\/675px-Current_PT_practice_for_dx_PF.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ec\/Current_PT_practice_for_dx_PF.jpg\/900px-Current_PT_practice_for_dx_PF.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Pratica attuale del PT per la diagnosi di PF.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"304\" data-file-width=\"1022\" data-file-height=\"690\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Figura 16<\/b>. Pratiche attuali dei fisioterapisti per la diagnosi di fascite plantare <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:14_22-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:14-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Tuttavia, ognuno di questi fattori pu\u00f2 essere criticato per la mancanza di evidenze a sostegno, come discusso <a title=\"Fattori di rischio per lo sviluppo della sindrome del dolore al tallone plantare - Una revisione della letteratura\" href=\"\/Risk_Factors_for_the_Development_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_Syndrome_-_A_Literature_Review\">qui<\/a>. Questo ribadisce la mancanza di evidenze per l&#8217;utilizzo di test fisici nella valutazione clinica dei pazienti con PHPS e ci porta all&#8217;obiettivo di questa serie di corsi &#8211; l&#8217;<a title=\"Un nuovo protocollo per il dolore al tallone plantare\" href=\"\/A_New_Protocol_for_Plantar_Heel_Pain\">introduzione di un nuovo protocollo per la PHPS<\/a>. Saban e Masharawi<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> hanno identificato tre test clinici che possono provocare il dolore al tallone nei soggetti con PHPS e, quindi, essere utili per valutare la PHPS. Questi test sono i seguenti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Posizione eretta statica su una gamba<\/li>\n<li>Mezzo squat a una gamba<\/li>\n<li>Sollevamento del tallone a una gamba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Conclusion\" class=\"mw-headline\">Conclusione<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Conclusion\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Conclusion\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sulla base della revisione della letteratura disponibile, le seguenti sono le raccomandazioni per la valutazione del dolore al tallone plantare:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Il Windlass Test non \u00e8 abbastanza sensibile per la diagnosi di PHPS<\/li>\n<li>La palpazione e la soglia del dolore da pressione non sono raccomandate per la valutazione della PHPS<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;imaging della fascia plantare che valuta lo spessore del tessuto \u00e8 utile come strumento diagnostico per i pazienti con dolore al tallone. Tuttavia, non misura il cambiamento delle condizioni dei pazienti<\/li>\n<li>Non ci sono evidenze a sostegno del test del tunnel tarsale di Tinel come strumento di valutazione per la PHPS<\/li>\n<li>Gli outcome riferiti dal paziente (PRO) possono essere utilizzati per valutare un&#8217;intera serie di trattamenti. I PRO sono comunemente utilizzati a scopo di ricerca<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">Citazioni<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-0\">1.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-1\">1.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-2\">1.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-3\">1.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-4\">1.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-5\">1.5<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-6\">1.6<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-7\">1.7<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Saban B, Masharawi Y. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0031940616300323\" rel=\"nofollow\">Three single leg standing tests for clinical assessment of chronic plantar heel pain syndrome: static stance, half-squat and heel rise<\/a>. 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Plus Course. 2021<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_4-0\">4.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_4-1\">4.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_4-2\">4.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bolgla LA, Malone TR. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC385265\/pdf\/attr_39_01_0077.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Plantar fasciitis and the windlass mechanism: a biomechanical link to clinical practice<\/a>. Journal of athletic training. 2004 Jan;39(1):77. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hicks JH. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1244640\/pdf\/janat00463-0036.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">The mechanics of the foot: II. The plantar aponeurosis and the arch<\/a>. Journal of anatomy. 1954 Jan;88(Pt 1):25. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_6-0\">6.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_6-1\">6.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_6-2\">6.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">De Garceau D, Dean D, Requejo SM, Thordarson DB. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/107110070302400309\" rel=\"nofollow\">The association between diagnosis of plantar fasciitis and Windlass test results<\/a>. Foot &amp; ankle international. 2003 Mar;24(3):251-5. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Alshami AM, Babri AS, Souvlis T, Coppieters MW. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net\/47367905\/Alshami_et_al_2007.pdf?1468987571=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DFOOT_and_ANKLE_INTERNATIONAL_Biomechanic.pdf&amp;Expires=1626888706&amp;Signature=XKaY7uBwngnCGoiaySU9lc1zW12PM3b6dBK2rvwh~SVvVxLjKcg4Lmd1AmhOr4pOVH0ywxSvFvrqr45kixqx7hpBdVA79vxYU~6TAU9B7Pv0ToPmo0q-Nl2cMNisaWUggHRQjJJ8bSSMboPT-5qDZvVmM0f4K7MxmB~T2eJkDH4Pme6V0Q0ucRu~RmtX9JpJUbitLdk4okKJ4ijCq-qOKsJ-ouZZolUNBkIJJVnDvfUnDCO2dy1xnhF6m9LZkc4-OUtAoD1Jz1psTYtYlWwBZv~y0e4IO-iGDjhdRytHe831FbM-X0YPoQoZFqFr71dc6w~VeVSWllF64gK84niBKQ__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA\" rel=\"nofollow\">Biomechanical evaluation of two clinical tests for plantar heel pain: the dorsiflexion-eversion test for tarsal tunnel syndrome and the windlass test for plantar fasciitis<\/a>. Foot &amp; ankle international. 2007 Apr;28(4):499-505. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:5-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_8-0\">8.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_8-1\">8.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_8-2\">8.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_8-3\">8.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_8-4\">8.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_8-5\">8.5<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Saban B, Masharawi Y. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sci-hub.se\/10.1177\/1071100716642038\" rel=\"nofollow\">Pain threshold tests in patients with heel pain syndrome<\/a>. Foot &amp; ankle international. 2016 Jul;37(7):730-6. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:6-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_9-0\">9.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_9-1\">9.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_9-2\">9.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_9-3\">9.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_9-4\">9.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_9-5\">9.5<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Martin RL, Davenport TE, Reischl SF, McPoil TG, Matheson JW, Wukich DK, McDonough CM, Altman RD, Beattie P, Cornwall M, Davis I. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jospt.org\/doi\/pdfplus\/10.2519\/jospt.2014.0303?download=true\" rel=\"nofollow\">Heel pain\u2014plantar fasciitis: revision 2014<\/a>. Journal of Orthopaedic &amp; Sports Physical Therapy. 2014 Nov;44(11):A1-33. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Drake C, Mallows A, Littlewood C. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1002\/msc.1246\" rel=\"nofollow\">Psychosocial variables and presence, severity and prognosis of plantar heel pain: A systematic review of cross\u2010sectional and prognostic associations<\/a>. Musculoskeletal Care. 2018 Sep;16(3):329-38. DOI:10.1002\/msc.1246<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Allam AE, Chang KV. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499868\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Plantar Heel Pain<\/a>. StatPearls (Internet). 2021 Feb 5. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:7-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_12-0\">12.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_12-1\">12.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_12-2\">12.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Riel H, Cotchett M, Delahunt E, Rathleff MS, Vicenzino B, Weir A, Landorf KB. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sci-hub.se\/https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/51\/22\/1576\" rel=\"nofollow\">Is \u2018plantar heel pain\u2019a more appropriate term than \u2018plantar fasciitis\u2019? Time to move on<\/a>. 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Physiotherapy. 2017 Jun 1;103(2):193-200. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20241017062919 Cache expiry: 0 Reduced expiry: true Complications: (show\u2010toc) CPU time usage: 0.229 seconds Real time usage: 0.256 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 667\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 79\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/100 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 22308\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 14.556 1 Special:Contributors\/Assessment_of_Plantar_Heel_Pain_-_A_Literature_Review 100.00% 14.556 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Redazione originale &#8211; Merinda Rodseth sulla base del corso di Bernice Saban Contributori principali &#8211; Merinda Rodseth, Jess Bell, Kim Jackson, Ewa Jaraczewska e Olajumoke Ogunleye Contenuti 1 Introduzione 2 Strumenti di valutazione per la PHPS 2.1 Windlass Test 2.2 Palpazione dell&#8217;area dolorosa del tallone 2.3 Diagnostica per immagini\/imaging 2.4 Test del tunnel tarsale di [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11019","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11019","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11019"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11019\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13457,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11019\/revisions\/13457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}