{"id":10713,"date":"2024-09-16T05:58:18","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T05:58:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/biomechanics-and-dynamics-of-the-pelvic-girdle-it\/"},"modified":"2026-02-11T16:40:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T16:40:56","slug":"biomechanics-and-dynamics-of-the-pelvic-girdle-it","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/biomechanics-and-dynamics-of-the-pelvic-girdle-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Biomeccanica e dinamica del cingolo pelvico"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\">\n<p><b>Redazione originale <\/b>&#8211; <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/course_tutor\/deborah-riczo\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Deborah Riczo<\/a>, <a title=\"User:Wanda van Niekerk\" href=\"\/User:Wanda_van_Niekerk\">Wanda van Niekerk<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Collaboratori principali<\/b> &#8211; <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Wanda van Niekerk\" href=\"\/User:Wanda_van_Niekerk\"><bdi>Wanda van Niekerk<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Tarina van der Stockt\" href=\"\/User:Tarina_van_der_Stockt\"><bdi>Tarina van der Stockt<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\" href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Lucinda hampton\" href=\"\/User:Lucinda_hampton\"><bdi>Lucinda hampton<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Olajumoke Ogunleye\" href=\"\/User:Olajumoke_Ogunleye\"><bdi>Olajumoke Ogunleye<\/bdi><\/a> e <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Vidya Acharya\" href=\"\/User:Vidya_Acharya\"><bdi>Vidya Acharya<\/bdi><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display: none;\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenuti<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Sacral_Biomechanics\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Biomeccanica sacrale<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Range_of_Motion\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Range di movimento<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Ligaments_involved_in_nutation_and_counternutation\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Legamenti coinvolti nella nutazione e nella contronutazione<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Gender_differences\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Differenze di genere<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Musculoskeletal_Dynamics\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Dinamica muscoloscheletrica<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Slings\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Catene<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Superficial_and_Deep_Anatomical_Slings\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Catene anatomiche superficiali e profonde<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Anterior_Oblique_Sling_(AOS)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Catena obliqua anteriore (AOS)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Posterior_Oblique_Sling_(POS)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.1.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Catena obliqua posteriore (POS)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Deep_Longitudinal_Sling\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.1.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Catena longitudinale profonda<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Lateral_Sling\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1.1.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Catena laterale<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Integrated_Model_of_Function\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Modello integrato della funzione<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Other_considerations_to_note:_Primary_movers_in_anterior_and_posterior_pelvic_tilt\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Altre considerazioni da tenere in considerazione: muscoli motori primari nell&#8217;inclinazione pelvica anteriore e posteriore<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#Neurodynamics\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Neurodinamica<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#Innervation_of_the_pelvis\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Innervazione della pelvi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#Nerves_susceptible_to_neurocompression_in_the_pelvic_girdle\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Nervi suscettibili alla neurocompressione nel cingolo pelvico<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#Sciatic_nerve\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Nervo sciatico<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Obturator_Nerve\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Nervo otturatore<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#Superior_Gluteal_Nerve\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Nervo gluteo superiore<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-20\"><a href=\"#Pudendal_Nerve\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Nervo Pudendo<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-21\"><a href=\"#Lymph_Nodes_in_the_Abdominal\/Pelvis_Area\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Linfonodi nell&#8217;area addominale\/pelvica<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-22\"><a href=\"#Resources\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Risorse<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-23\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Citazioni<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Sacral_Biomechanics\" class=\"mw-headline\">Biomeccanica sacrale<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Biomeccanica sacrale\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Biomeccanica sacrale\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">fonte edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Pelvis_1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f0\/Pelvis_1.jpeg\/300px-Pelvis_1.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f0\/Pelvis_1.jpeg\/450px-Pelvis_1.jpeg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f0\/Pelvis_1.jpeg\/600px-Pelvis_1.jpeg 2x\" alt=\"Pelvis 1.jpeg\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" data-file-width=\"5549\" data-file-height=\"8323\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>L&#8217;<a title=\"Sacroiliac Joint\" href=\"\/Sacroiliac_Joint\">articolazione sacroiliaca<\/a> (SIJ) \u00e8 la pi\u00f9 grande articolazione assiale del corpo. Collega la colonna vertebrale alla <a title=\"Pelvi\" href=\"\/Pelvis\">pelvi<\/a> e trasferisce il carico tra la colonna lombare e gli arti inferiori. Le ricerche hanno dimostrato che il movimento dell&#8217;osso sacro \u00e8 molto piccolo. Numerosi legamenti che attraversano l&#8217;articolazione sostengono e limitano il movimento dell&#8217;articolazione sacroiliaca.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Il sacro si incunea fermamente tra le ossa iliache e i legamenti forniscono resistenza ai carichi di taglio.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> Un&#8217;ulteriore resistenza \u00e8 fornita anche da solchi e creste che proteggono l&#8217;articolazione dalle sollecitazioni di taglio.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup>Sebbene molti dei muscoli pi\u00f9 grandi e potenti del corpo circondino l&#8217;articolazione sacro-iliaca, nessun muscolo influisce direttamente sui movimenti sacrali.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I muscoli che contribuiscono alla stabilit\u00e0 dell&#8217;articolazione sacroiliaca aumentando il carico di compressione attraverso l&#8217;articolazione sono il <a title=\"Transversus Abdominis\" href=\"\/Transversus_Abdominis\">transverso dell&#8217;addome<\/a> e i <a title=\"Pelvic Floor Anatomy\" href=\"\/Pelvic_Floor_Anatomy\">muscoli del pavimento pelvico<\/a> (muscoli <a title=\"Muscolo Levatore Ani\" href=\"\/Levator_Ani_Muscle\">elevatore dell&#8217;ano<\/a> e <a title=\"Coccigeo\" href=\"\/Coccygeus\">coccigeo<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>I legamenti che svolgono un ruolo importante nella stabilit\u00e0 dell&#8217;articolazione sacroiliaca sono il <a title=\"Iliolumbar ligament\" href=\"\/Iliolumbar_ligament\">legamento ileolombare<\/a> (lato ventrale), i legamenti sacroiliaci posteriori, i legamenti interossei, i legamenti <a title=\"Sacrotuberous Ligament\" href=\"\/Sacrotuberous_Ligament\">sacrotuberoso<\/a> e <a title=\"Sacrospinous Ligament\" href=\"\/Sacrospinous_Ligament\">sacrospinoso<\/a>. I legamenti pubici, i <a title=\"Legamento sacroiliaco anteriore\" href=\"\/Anterior_Sacroiliac_Ligament\">legamenti sacroiliaci anteriori<\/a> e il lato dorsale dei legamenti ileolombari hanno un effetto minimo sulla stabilit\u00e0 pelvica.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_1-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Range_of_Motion\" class=\"mw-headline\">Range di movimento<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Range of Motion\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Range of Motion\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">fonte di modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Il sacro pu\u00f2 muoversi rispetto all&#8217;ileo in tutte le direzioni, ma l&#8217;ampiezza del movimento \u00e8 minima, circa 6\u00b0 di libert\u00e0. Il range dell&#8217;articolazione sacroiliaca ha tre piani di movimento: in flessione-estensione (nutazione\/contronutazione) \u00e8 di circa 3\u00b0, in rotazione assiale \u00e8 di circa 1,5\u00b0 e in flessione laterale \u00e8 di 0,8\u00b0.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_1-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><u><\/u><\/p>\n<p>I due movimenti principali si verificano quando il sacro si muove rispetto alle ossa iliache nel piano sagittale.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La <b>nutazione<\/b> \u00e8 quando il sacro ruota in avanti rispetto alle ossa iliache. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La <b>contronutazione<\/b> \u00e8 quando il sacro ruota all&#8217;indietro rispetto alle ossa iliache,<sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> che si verifica in posizione supina e non in carico.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Secondo Willard et al.<sup id=\"cite_ref-willard_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-willard-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup>, la nutazione pu\u00f2 essere considerata un&#8217;anticipazione per il carico dell&#8217;articolazione, in quanto \u00e8 pi\u00f9 stabile della contronutazione. Durante la nutazione, le parti posteriori delle ossa iliache sono compresse a forma di &#8220;chiave di volta&#8221; e l&#8217;articolazione \u00e8 in posizione bloccata e di&#8221; close-packed&#8221;<sup id=\"cite_ref-Pool_1998_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Pool_1998-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup>. Questo avviene normalmente durante le situazioni di maggiore sostegno del peso corporeo, ad esempio in piedi o da seduti, per aumentare la stabilit\u00e0<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Vleeming_et_al_1990a_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Vleeming_et_al_1990a-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Movimento dell&#8217;innominato:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La rotazione anteriore e posteriore come movimenti dell&#8217;innominato avviene sul piano sagittale. La rotazione anteriore dell&#8217;innominato non dovrebbe verificarsi in carico. Per mantenere la gamba stabile in appoggio monopodalico, l&#8217;innominato ruota posteriormente per mettere il sacro in posizione di nutazione. Questa sar\u00e0 la posizione di close-packed.<\/li>\n<li>L'&#8221;inflare&#8221; e l'&#8221;outflare&#8221; sono normali movimenti dell&#8217;innominato intorno al piano trasversale che si verificano durante le attivit\u00e0 di rotazione e flessione laterale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 258px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 250px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nxvtQt5PL2E?\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-right\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 258px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 250px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2gr5-oKBT2Q?\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-right\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4><span id=\"Ligaments_involved_in_nutation_and_counternutation\" class=\"mw-headline\">Legamenti coinvolti nella nutazione e nella contronutazione<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Legamenti coinvolti nella nutazione e nella contro-nutazione\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Legamenti coinvolti nella nutazione e nella contro-nutazione\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">modifica fonte<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Ligaments_of_the_pelvis_anterior_aspect_Primal.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c9\/Ligaments_of_the_pelvis_anterior_aspect_Primal.png\/300px-Ligaments_of_the_pelvis_anterior_aspect_Primal.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c9\/Ligaments_of_the_pelvis_anterior_aspect_Primal.png\/450px-Ligaments_of_the_pelvis_anterior_aspect_Primal.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c9\/Ligaments_of_the_pelvis_anterior_aspect_Primal.png\/600px-Ligaments_of_the_pelvis_anterior_aspect_Primal.png 2x\" alt=\"Legamenti del bacino aspetto anteriore Primal.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-file-width=\"990\" data-file-height=\"990\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Legamenti che vanno in tensione con la contronutazione sacrale<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Test del legamento sacroiliaco dorsale lungo (LDL)\" href=\"\/Long_dorsal_sacroiliac_ligament_(LDL)_test\">Legamento sacroiliaco dorsale lungo<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Banda superiore del <a title=\"Iliolumbar ligament\" href=\"\/Iliolumbar_ligament\">legamento ileolombare<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Legamenti che vanno in tensione con la nutazione sacrale<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Sacrotuberous Ligament\" href=\"\/Sacrotuberous_Ligament\">Sacrotuberoso<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Sacrospinous Ligament\" href=\"\/Sacrospinous_Ligament\">Sacrospinoso<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Banda inferiore del legamento ileolombare<\/li>\n<li>Interosseo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Gender_differences\" class=\"mw-headline\">Differenze di genere<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Differenze di genere\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Differenze di genere\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">modifica fonte<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L&#8217;osso sacro femminile \u00e8 pi\u00f9 largo, pi\u00f9 irregolare, meno curvo e pi\u00f9 ruotato all&#8217;indietro. La pelvi maschile tende a essere relativamente lunga e stretta, con una cavit\u00e0 pelvica pi\u00f9 lunga e conica rispetto a quella femminile. La pelvi femminile ha un forame ischiatico pi\u00f9 ampio e gli acetaboli sono pi\u00f9 distanti tra loro rispetto alla pelvi maschile.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_1-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Queste differenze di sesso si riscontrano anche nella biomeccanica dell&#8217;articolazione sacroiliaca: l&#8217;articolazione sacroiliaca femminile ha una maggiore mobilit\u00e0 e maggiori sollecitazioni, carichi maggiori e maggiori tensioni nei legamenti del bacino rispetto all&#8217;articolazione sacroiliaca maschile. Inoltre, \u00e8 necessario considerare l&#8217;influenza di ormoni come la relaxina, che aumenta la mobilit\u00e0 dell&#8217;articolazione sacroiliaca fornendo lassit\u00e0 ai legamenti per il parto. Tutte queste caratteristiche potrebbero contribuire a rendere le donne pi\u00f9 inclini ad avere dolore all&#8217;articolazione sacroiliaca e alla pelvi per via dell&#8217;elevata mobilit\u00e0.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_1-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7pYuLtv29m0?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Musculoskeletal_Dynamics\" class=\"mw-headline\">Dinamica muscoloscheletrica<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Dinamica muscoloscheletrica\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Dinamica muscoloscheletrica\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">fonte edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Slings\" class=\"mw-headline\">Tutori<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica della sezione: Imbragature\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica della sezione: Imbragature\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Per comprimere l&#8217;articolazione SI sono necessarie le forze dei legamenti e dei muscoli. Questo meccanismo di compressione delle articolazioni SI dovuto a forze extra, per mantenere l&#8217;equilibrio, \u00e8 chiamato &#8220;force closure&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Superficial_and_Deep_Anatomical_Slings\" class=\"mw-headline\">Catene anatomiche superficiali e profonde<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Brache anatomiche superficiali e profonde\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Brache anatomiche superficiali e profonde\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">fonte edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Le quattro catene muscolari intorno al cingolo pelvico che contribuiscono alla &#8220;force closure&#8221; della pelvi sono<sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Anterior_Oblique_Sling_.28AOS.29\"><\/span><span id=\"Anterior_Oblique_Sling_(AOS)\" class=\"mw-headline\">Catena obliqua anteriore (AOS)<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Fionda Obliqua Anteriore (AOS)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Fionda Obliqua Anteriore (AOS)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">fonte edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Internal Abdominal Oblique\" href=\"\/Internal_Abdominal_Oblique\">Obliqui interni<\/a> ed <a title=\"External Abdominal Oblique\" href=\"\/External_Abdominal_Oblique\">esterni<\/a> che si connettono con i muscoli <a title=\"Adductor Magnus\" href=\"\/Adductor_Magnus\">adduttori<\/a> controlaterali attraverso la fascia adduttoria-addominale<sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_15-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La contrazione di questo gruppo di muscoli garantisce la stabilit\u00e0, comprimendo il cingolo pelvico e provocando una &#8220;force closure&#8221; della sinfisi pubica<\/li>\n<li>Gli sport multidirezionali come il tennis, il calcio, il football, il basket, il rugby e l&#8217;hockey richiedono un grande sforzo da parte della catena obliqua anteriore, che deve contribuire non solo all&#8217;accelerazione del corpo, ma anche alla sua rotazione e decelerazione durante i cambi di direzione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-13QIq-5qa8?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Posterior_Oblique_Sling_.28POS.29\"><\/span><span id=\"Posterior_Oblique_Sling_(POS)\" class=\"mw-headline\">Catena obliqua posteriore (POS)<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Imbracatura obliqua posteriore (POS)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Imbracatura obliqua posteriore (POS)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">modifica fonte<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Latissimus Dorsi Muscle\" href=\"\/Latissimus_Dorsi_Muscle\">Grande dorsale<\/a>, <a title=\"Gluteus Maximus\" href=\"\/Gluteus_Maximus\">grande gluteo<\/a>, <a title=\"Biceps Femoris\" href=\"\/Biceps_Femoris\">bicipite femorale<\/a> e <a title=\"Fascia toracolombare\" href=\"\/Thoracolumbar_Fascia\">fascia toraco-lombare<\/a> che interconnette<sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>I muscoli lavorano in sinergia per stabilizzare direttamente il cingolo pelvico<\/li>\n<li>La &#8220;force closure&#8221; aumenta indirettamente per via delle inserzioni anatomiche del grande gluteo e della fascia toracolombare con il legamento sacrotuberoso<\/li>\n<li>La catena obliqua posteriore lavora con la catena obliqua anteriore per creare equilibrio<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YpJbL-IA-wA?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Deep_Longitudinal_Sling\" class=\"mw-headline\">Catena longitudinale profonda<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Imbracatura longitudinale profonda\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Imbracatura longitudinale profonda\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\">fonte edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Erector Spinae\" href=\"\/Erector_Spinae\">Erettore spinale<\/a>, <a title=\"Lumbar Multifidus\" href=\"\/Lumbar_Multifidus\">multifido<\/a>, <a title=\"Fascia toracolombare\" href=\"\/Thoracolumbar_Fascia\">fascia toracolombare<\/a>, <a title=\"Sacrotuberous Ligament\" href=\"\/Sacrotuberous_Ligament\">legamento sacrotuberoso<\/a> e <a title=\"Biceps Femoris\" href=\"\/Biceps_Femoris\">bicipite femorale<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_15-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La catena consente il movimento sul piano sagittale mentre influisce sulla stabilit\u00e0 locale.<\/li>\n<li>La contrazione della parte sacrale del multifido provoca la nutazione sacrale, aumentando la tensione nell&#8217;interosseo e nei legamenti dorsali corti e creando cos\u00ec una maggiore &#8220;force closure&#8221; dell&#8217;articolazione sacroiliaca<sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le inserzioni del multifido e dell&#8217;erettore spinale sulle ossa iliache tirano le parti posteriori delle ossa iliache l&#8217;una verso l&#8217;altra, limitando cos\u00ec l&#8217;ulteriore nutazione<\/li>\n<li>La contrazione dell&#8217;erettore spinale e del capo lungo del bicipite potrebbe aumentare la &#8220;force closure&#8221; per via delle loro inserzioni anatomiche con il legamento sacrotuberoso<\/li>\n<li>La contrazione dell&#8217;erettore spinale e del multifido ha un effetto di allargamento (gonfiamento del cilindro fasciale), che aumenta la tensione e favorisce la &#8220;force closure&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VtWQQNSZ6KU?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Lateral_Sling\" class=\"mw-headline\">Catena laterale<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Imbracatura laterale\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Imbracatura laterale\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\">modifica fonte<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 152px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Lateral_Sling_1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Lateral_Sling_1.png\/150px-Lateral_Sling_1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Lateral_Sling_1.png\/225px-Lateral_Sling_1.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Lateral_Sling_1.png\/301px-Lateral_Sling_1.png 2x\" alt=\"Fionda laterale 1.png\" width=\"150\" height=\"184\" data-file-width=\"455\" data-file-height=\"557\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Gluteus Medius\" href=\"\/Gluteus_Medius\">Medio gluteo<\/a>, <a title=\"Gluteus Minimus\" href=\"\/Gluteus_Minimus\">piccolo gluteo<\/a>, <a title=\"Tensor Fascia Lata\" href=\"\/Tensor_Fascia_Lata\">tensore della fascia lata<\/a> (TFL) e <a title=\"Tratto ileotibiale\" href=\"\/Iliotibial_Tract\">bandelletta ileotibiale<\/a> (ITB)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_15-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La catena fornisce stabilit\u00e0 sul piano coronale e partecipa alla stabilit\u00e0 pelvi-femorale nei movimenti dinamici (passo, affondi, scale)<\/li>\n<li>Per capire l&#8217;importanza della catena laterale, \u00e8 necessario comprendere le azioni dei muscoli\n<ul>\n<li>Abduzione e rotazione mediale dell&#8217;anca &#8211; medio e piccolo gluteo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Il tensore della fascia lata lavora in sinergia con questi muscoli per mantenere la pelvi in posizione orizzontale nei movimenti a una sola gamba<\/li>\n<li>Il tensore della fascia lata lavora anche con il grande gluteo sull&#8217;ITB per stabilizzare l&#8217;articolazione dell&#8217;anca mantenendo la testa del femore nell&#8217;acetabolo<\/li>\n<li>Nei movimenti che comportano l&#8217;appoggio monopodalico, come il camminare, la catena laterale entra in tensione per mantenere la pelvi stabile sulla gamba in appoggio ed evitare la caduta dell&#8217;anca sul lato opposto<sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Il mancato controllo della catena laterale spesso provoca una caduta dell&#8217;anca\/il <a title=\"Trendelenburg Sign\" href=\"\/Trendelenburg_Sign\">segno di Trendelenburg<\/a> durante la fase di appoggio (stance) del passo e l&#8217;appoggio monopodalico<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gjxytSr_qoE?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Una buona comprensione del concetto di queste catene anatomiche e del modo in cui agiscono per influenzare la stabilit\u00e0 e la funzione lombopelvica sar\u00e0 utile per decidere quale strategia di trattamento applicare ai pazienti con <a title=\"Riconoscere il dolore del cingolo pelvico\" href=\"\/Recognising_Pelvic_Girdle_Pain\">disfunzioni del cingolo pelvico<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pBgZoApSltY?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Per un ulteriore approfondimento sulle catene anatomiche, si prega di consultare questa pagina di PP: <a title=\"Le imbragature anatomiche e la loro relazione con il dolore lombare\" href=\"\/Anatomy_Slings_and_Their_Relationship_to_Low_Back_Pain\">Le catene anatomiche e il loro rapporto con il dolore lombare<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Integrated_Model_of_Function\" class=\"mw-headline\">Modello integrato della funzione<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Modello integrato di funzione\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Modello integrato di funzione\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\">fonte di modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Il modello integrato della funzione \u00e8 stato ricavato da studi anatomici e biomeccanici della pelvi e dall&#8217;esperienza clinica. Questo modello mira ad affrontare il motivo per cui la pelvi \u00e8 dolorosa e non \u00e8 in grado di sostenere e trasferire i carichi, a differenza di un modello che cerca solamente di identificare le strutture specifiche che generano il dolore. Le quattro componenti di questo modello sono<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Form closure (struttura) &#8211; la stabilit\u00e0 dell&#8217;articolazione derivante dal design dell&#8217;anatomia pelvica<\/li>\n<li>Force closure &#8211; forze prodotte dall&#8217;azione miofasciale attraverso l&#8217;articolazione per creare stabilit\u00e0<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Pool_1998_6-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Pool_1998-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-willard_5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-willard-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Controllo motorio (timing specifico dell&#8217;azione\/inazione muscolare durante il carico)<\/li>\n<li>Emozioni<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Questo modello suggerisce che molteplici fattori influenzano la meccanica articolare. Alcuni di questi fattori possono essere intrinseci all&#8217;articolazione stessa, mentre altri sono prodotti dall&#8217;azione muscolare. Questi possono a loro volta essere influenzati dallo stato emotivo. Per gestire efficacemente il dolore o la disfunzione del cingolo pelvico \u00e8 necessario affrontare tutte e quattro le componenti per guidare i pazienti verso un modo pi\u00f9 sano di vivere e muoversi.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_24-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Per maggiori dettagli sul modello integrato della funzione si prega di leggere questo capitolo: <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Principles-of-the-Integrated-Model-of-Function-and-Lee\/29437230cf4d10f1f65f8e6602b1e9bf94ceea73\" rel=\"nofollow\">Principles of the Integrated Model of Function and its Application to the Lumbopelvic-hip Region Chapter 5 in: The Pelvic Girdle<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Other_considerations_to_note:_Primary_movers_in_anterior_and_posterior_pelvic_tilt\" class=\"mw-headline\">Altre considerazioni da tenere in considerazione: muscoli motori primari nell&#8217;inclinazione pelvica anteriore e posteriore<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Altre considerazioni da tenere presenti: Movimenti primari nell'inclinazione pelvica anteriore e posteriore\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Altre considerazioni da tenere presenti: Movimenti primari nell'inclinazione pelvica anteriore e posteriore\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\">fonte di modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Muscoli per l&#8217;inclinazione anteriore del bacino:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>erettore spinale<\/li>\n<li>ileopsoas<\/li>\n<li>sartorio<\/li>\n<li>retto femorale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Muscoli per l&#8217;inclinazione posteriore del bacino:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_8-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>retto addominale<\/li>\n<li>obliquo esterno<\/li>\n<li>grange gluteo<\/li>\n<li>ischiocrurali<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Neurodynamics\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a title=\"Neurodinamica\" href=\"\/Neurodynamics\">Neurodinamica<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Neurodinamica\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Neurodinamica\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Innervation_of_the_pelvis\" class=\"mw-headline\">Innervazione della pelvi<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Innervazione della pelvi\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Innervazione della pelvi\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\">fonte edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L&#8217;innervazione della pelvi comprende i plessi <a title=\"Sacral Plexus\" href=\"\/Sacral_Plexus\">sacrale<\/a> e coccigeo<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 202px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Sacral_and_coccygeal_plexus.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9b\/Sacral_and_coccygeal_plexus.png\/200px-Sacral_and_coccygeal_plexus.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9b\/Sacral_and_coccygeal_plexus.png\/300px-Sacral_and_coccygeal_plexus.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9b\/Sacral_and_coccygeal_plexus.png\/400px-Sacral_and_coccygeal_plexus.png 2x\" alt=\"Plesso sacrale e coccigeo.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"264\" data-file-width=\"455\" data-file-height=\"600\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a title=\"Sacral Plexus\" href=\"\/Sacral_Plexus\">Plesso sacrale<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>deriva dalle radici nervose di L4-S4<\/li>\n<li>si trova sulla superficie interna del muscolo <a title=\"Piriformis\" href=\"\/Piriformis\">piriforme<\/a><\/li>\n<li>la maggior parte dei nervi sacrali che derivano dal plesso sacrale escono attraverso il grande forame ischiatico<\/li>\n<li>il <a title=\"Nervo sciatico\" href=\"\/Sciatic_Nerve\">nervo sciatico<\/a> si forma dal plesso sacrale e potrebbe essere compresso dai muscoli, causando un dolore radicolare lungo la gamba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Plesso coccigeo\n<ul>\n<li>deriva dalle radici nervose di S4 &#8211; S5<\/li>\n<li>si trova lungo il muscolo coccigeo sulla superficie pelvica<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Nerves_susceptible_to_neurocompression_in_the_pelvic_girdle\" class=\"mw-headline\">Nervi suscettibili alla neurocompressione nel cingolo pelvico<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Nervi suscettibili di neurocompressione nel cingolo pelvico\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Nervi suscettibili di neurocompressione nel cingolo pelvico\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\">fonte di modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span id=\"Sciatic_nerve\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a title=\"Nervo sciatico\" href=\"\/Sciatic_Nerve\">Nervo sciatico<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Nervo sciatico\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Nervo sciatico\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\">fonte edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Responsabile per dolore e debolezza alla zona lombare, al gluteo, alla parte posteriore della coscia\/della gamba\/del piede<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_25-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 302px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Human_Nervous_System.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Human_Nervous_System.jpg\/300px-Human_Nervous_System.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Human_Nervous_System.jpg\/450px-Human_Nervous_System.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Human_Nervous_System.jpg\/600px-Human_Nervous_System.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Sistema nervoso umano.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"380\" data-file-width=\"824\" data-file-height=\"1044\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Il nervo pi\u00f9 largo e lungo<\/li>\n<li>Si dirama da L4 a S3<\/li>\n<li>Innerva<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_25-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup>:\n<ul>\n<li>Rotatori laterali dell&#8217;anca (tranne il piriforme)<\/li>\n<li>Compartimento posteriore della coscia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Si divide nel nervo peroneo comune e nel nervo tibiale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Obturator_Nerve\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a title=\"Nervo otturatore\" href=\"\/Obturator_Nerve\">Nervo otturatore<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Nervo otturatore\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Nervo otturatore\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\">fonte di modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Difficolt\u00e0 a deambulare<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Possibile instabilit\u00e0 all&#8217;arto inferiore<\/li>\n<li>Fastidio profondo agli adduttori vicino all&#8217;osso pubico<\/li>\n<li>Dolore legato all&#8217;esercizio fisico o dolore all&#8217;inguine<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_26-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Il dolore e la debolezza peggiorano con l&#8217;esercizio fisico<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_26-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Capacit\u00e0 di salto compromessa negli atleti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Superior_Gluteal_Nerve\" class=\"mw-headline\">Nervo gluteo superiore<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Nervo gluteo superiore\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Nervo gluteo superiore\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\">fonte edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 202px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Superior_gluteal_nerve.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2b\/Superior_gluteal_nerve.jpg\/200px-Superior_gluteal_nerve.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2b\/Superior_gluteal_nerve.jpg\/300px-Superior_gluteal_nerve.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2b\/Superior_gluteal_nerve.jpg\/400px-Superior_gluteal_nerve.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"320\" data-file-width=\"640\" data-file-height=\"1023\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Nervo gluteo superiore<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Nasce dalle divisioni dorsali delle radici nervose di L4, L5 e S1 del plesso sacrale<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_27-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Innerva<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_27-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup>:\n<ul>\n<li>medio gluteo<\/li>\n<li>piccolo gluteo<\/li>\n<li>tensore della fascia lata<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Intrappolamento del piriforme<\/li>\n<li>Dolore fastidioso al gluteo di tipo claudicante<\/li>\n<li>Indolenzimento alla palpazione<\/li>\n<li>Debolezza in abduzione e andatura strascicata<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_27-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Pudendal_Nerve\" class=\"mw-headline\">Nervo Pudendo<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Nervo Pudendo\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Nervo Pudendo\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\">fonte di modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 302px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Pudendal_Nerve.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0d\/Pudendal_Nerve.png\/300px-Pudendal_Nerve.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0d\/Pudendal_Nerve.png\/450px-Pudendal_Nerve.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0d\/Pudendal_Nerve.png\/600px-Pudendal_Nerve.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"265\" data-file-width=\"821\" data-file-height=\"724\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Nervo pudendo<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Sintomi specifici presenti nella <a title=\"Pudendal Neuralgia\" href=\"\/Pudendal_Neuralgia\">nevralgia pudenda<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dolore pelvico in posizione seduta, tranne che sul water<\/li>\n<li>Fastidio con gli indumenti stretti<\/li>\n<li>Sintomi vescicali e intestinali\n<ul>\n<li>Esitazione, frequenza, urgenza, ritenzione, costipazione, dolore<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/dyspareunia\" rel=\"nofollow\">Dispareunia<\/a> &#8211; dolore ricorrente nell&#8217;area genitale o all&#8217;interno della pelvi durante il rapporto sessuale<\/li>\n<li>Dolore genitale<\/li>\n<li>Dolore anale<\/li>\n<li>La condizione \u00e8 spesso mal diagnosticata e trattata in modo errato<sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le cause potrebbero essere l&#8217;eccessiva posizione seduta o l&#8217;andare in bicicletta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Lymph_Nodes_in_the_Abdominal.2FPelvis_Area\"><\/span><span id=\"Lymph_Nodes_in_the_Abdominal\/Pelvis_Area\" class=\"mw-headline\">Linfonodi nell&#8217;area addominale\/pelvica<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifica la sezione: Linfonodi nell'area addominale\/pelvica\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21\">modifica<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifica la sezione: Linfonodi nell'area addominale\/pelvica\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21\">fonte edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 202px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Lymphatic_system_body.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/87\/Lymphatic_system_body.png\/200px-Lymphatic_system_body.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/87\/Lymphatic_system_body.png\/300px-Lymphatic_system_body.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/87\/Lymphatic_system_body.png\/400px-Lymphatic_system_body.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"185\" data-file-width=\"1300\" data-file-height=\"1200\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Lymphatic System<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>La maggior parte dei <a title=\"Lymphatic System\" href=\"\/Lymphatic_System\">linfonodi<\/a> si trova nella zona addominale. Quando si tratta un paziente con disfunzioni del cingolo pelvico \u00e8 importante considerare il <a title=\"Sistema cardiovascolare\" href=\"\/Cardiovascular_System\">sistema vascolare<\/a> e il ruolo dei vasi linfatici nell&#8217;<a title=\"Inflammation Acute and Chronic\" href=\"\/Inflammation_Acute_and_Chronic\">infiammazione<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_8-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Resources\" class=\"mw-headline\">Risorse<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Resources\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Resources\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XT4PXg_YoTU?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">Citazioni<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_1-0\">1.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_1-1\">1.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_1-2\">1.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_1-3\">1.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_1-4\">1.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_1-5\">1.5<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Kiapour A, Joukar A, Elgafy H, Erbulut DU, Agarwal AK, Goel VK. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7041664\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Biomechanics of the sacroiliac joint: anatomy, function, biomechanics, sexual dimorphism, and causes of pain.<\/a> International journal of spine surgery. 2020 Feb 1;14(s1):S3-13.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_2-0\">2.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_2-1\">2.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_2-2\">2.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Zlomislic V, Garfin SR. Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Sacroiliac Joint. Techniques in Orthopaedics. 2019 Jun 1;34(2):70-5.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-0\">3.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-1\">3.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-2\">3.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-3\">3.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-4\">3.4<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Le Huec JC, Bourret S, Thompson W, Daulouede C, Cloch\u00e9 T. A painful unknown: sacroiliac joint diagnosis and treatment. EFORT Open Reviews. 2020 Oct;5(10):691-8.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:10-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:10_4-0\">4.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:10_4-1\">4.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Toyohara R, Kurosawa D, Hammer N, Werner M, Honda K, Sekiguchi Y, Izumi SI, Murakami E, Ozawa H, Ohashi T. Finite element analysis of load transition on sacroiliac joint during bipedal walking. Scientific reports. 2020 Aug 13;10(1):1-0.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-willard-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-willard_5-0\">5.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-willard_5-1\">5.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Willard F.H, Vleeming A, Schuenke M.D, Danneels L &amp; Schleip R. The thoracolumbar fascia: anatomy, function and clinical considerations. Journal of Anatomy 2012; 221(6): 507-36<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Pool_1998-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Pool_1998_6-0\">6.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Pool_1998_6-1\">6.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pool-Goudzwaard A.L, Vleeming A, Stoeckart R, Snijders C. J &amp; Mens J.M.A. Insufficient lumbopelvic stability: a clinical, anatomical and biomechanical approach to \u2018a-specific\u2019 low back pain. Manual Therapy. 1998; 3(1): 12-20<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Vleeming_et_al_1990a-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Vleeming_et_al_1990a_7-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Vleeming A, Stoeckart R, Volkers, ACW, Snijders CJ. Relation between form and function in the sacroiliac joint. Part 1: Clinical anatomical aspects. Spine 1990a; 15(2): 130-132<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:11-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:11_8-0\">8.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:11_8-1\">8.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:11_8-2\">8.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:11_8-3\">8.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Riczo, D. Biomechanics and Dynamics of the Pelvic Girdle. Plus Course. 2021<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Catalyst University. The Sacroiliac joint. Sacral nutation and counternutation. Available from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nxvtQt5PL2E\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nxvtQt5PL2E<\/a>. (last accessed 20 December 2020) <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">PT Final Exam. Nutation vs Counternutation. Available from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2gr5-oKBT2Q\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2gr5-oKBT2Q<\/a> (last accessed 20 December 2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_11-0\">11.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_11-1\">11.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Cho HJ, Kwak DS. Movement of the sacroiliac joint: Anatomy, systematic review, and biomechanical considerations. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine. 2020 Nov 30:0954411920978021.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_12-0\">12.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_12-1\">12.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Vleeming A, Schuenke MD, Masi AT, Carreiro JE, Danneels L, Willard FH. The sacroiliac joint: an overview of its anatomy, function and potential clinical implications. Journal of anatomy. 2012 Dec;221(6):537-67.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Judson Laipply. Tixe Schooling. Male pelvis vs Female pelvis. Available from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7pYuLtv29m0\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7pYuLtv29m0<\/a>. (last accessed 20 December 2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Fascia and Fitness <a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fascialfitness.net.au\/articles\/form-closure-force-closure-myofascial-slings\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Form closure, force closure and myofascial slings<\/a> Available from:<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fascialfitness.net.au\/articles\/form-closure-force-closure-myofascial-slings\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/www.fascialfitness.net.au\/articles\/form-closure-force-closure-myofascial-slings\/<\/a> (accessed 2.4.2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:9-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:9_15-0\">15.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:9_15-1\">15.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:9_15-2\">15.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:9_15-3\">15.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lee, D; Vleeming, A; Jones, M. The Pelvic Girdle: An Integration of Clinical Expertise and Research. Edinburgh: Elsevier\/Churchill Livingstone, 2011.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Yoga Anatomy. Anterior oblique sling system &#8211; Myofascial slings (Vleeming &amp; Lee). Available from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-13QIq-5qa8&amp;t=65s\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-13QIq-5qa8&amp;t=65s<\/a>. (last accessed 20 December 2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lee JK, Lee JH, Kim KS, Lee JH. Effect of abdominal drawing-in maneuver with prone hip extension on muscle activation of posterior oblique sling in normal adults. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2020;32(6):401-4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Yoga Anatomy. Posterior Oblique sling system &#8211; Myofascial slings &#8211; (Vleeming &amp; Lee). Available from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YpJbL-IA-wA\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YpJbL-IA-wA<\/a>. (last accessed 20 December 2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Vleeming, A; Mooney, V; Stoeckart, R. Movement, Stability &amp; Lumbopelvic Pain, Integration of Research and Therapy. UK: Churchill Livingstone, 2007<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Institute Education. Posterior Longitudinal Sling. Available from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VtWQQNSZ6KU\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VtWQQNSZ6KU<\/a>. (last accessed 20 December 2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Drake, R; Vogl, W; Mitchell, A. Gray\u2019s Anatomy for Students, Third Edition. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2015.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Institute Education. Lateral Sling. Available from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gjxytSr_qoE\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gjxytSr_qoE<\/a>. (last accessed 20 December 2020).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Physiopedia. Slings &amp; Sacroiliac Joint Pain by Ismail Saracoglu, University of Nottingham. Available from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pBgZoApSltY\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pBgZoApSltY<\/a>. (last accessed 20 December 2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:5-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_24-0\">24.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_24-1\">24.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lee D, Hodges P. Principles of the integrated model of function and its application to the lumbopelvic-hip region. The Pelvic Girdle, ed. 2004;3:41-54.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:8-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:8_25-0\">25.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:8_25-1\">25.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Davis D, Vasudevan A. Sciatica. InStatPearls (Internet) 2019 Feb 28. StatPearls Publishing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:6-26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_26-0\">26.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_26-1\">26.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_26-2\">26.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Koh M, Markovich B. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Obturator Nerve. InStatPearls (Internet) 2019 Dec 11. StatPearls Publishing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:7-27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_27-0\">27.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_27-1\">27.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_27-2\">27.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lung K, Lui F. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Superior Gluteal Nerve. InStatPearls (Internet) 2018 Dec 9. StatPearls Publishing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Kaur J, Singh P. Pudendal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome. InStatPearls (Internet) 2019 Jun 21. StatPearls Publishing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Filler AG. Diagnosis and treatment of pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome subtypes: imaging, injections, and minimal access surgery. Neurosurgical focus. 2009 Feb 1;26(2):E9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">BASEM Education. SIJ Biomechanics. Available from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XT4PXg_YoTU\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XT4PXg_YoTU<\/a>. (last accessed 21 December 2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20240905074332\nCache expiry: 0\nReduced expiry: true\nComplications: (show\u2010toc)\nCPU time usage: 0.152 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.159 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 634\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 315\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 3\/100\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0\/20\nUnstrip post\u2010expand size: 20845\/5000000 bytes\n--><br \/>\n<!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%   10.262      1 Special:Contributors\/Biomechanics_and_Dynamics_of_the_Pelvic_Girdle\n100.00%   10.262      1 -total\n--><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Redazione originale &#8211; Deborah Riczo, Wanda van Niekerk Collaboratori principali &#8211; Wanda van Niekerk, Tarina van der Stockt, Kim Jackson, Lucinda hampton, Olajumoke Ogunleye e Vidya Acharya Contenuti 1 Biomeccanica sacrale 1.1 Range di movimento 1.1.1 Legamenti coinvolti nella nutazione e nella contronutazione 1.2 Differenze di genere 2 Dinamica muscoloscheletrica 2.1 Catene 2.1.1 Catene anatomiche [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10713","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10713"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13595,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10713\/revisions\/13595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}