{"id":8452,"date":"2024-01-15T14:17:57","date_gmt":"2024-01-15T14:17:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/total-knee-arthroplasty-fr\/"},"modified":"2024-03-16T14:17:22","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T14:17:22","slug":"total-knee-arthroplasty-fr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/total-knee-arthroplasty-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"Arthroplastie totale du genou"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\">\n<p><b>R\u00e9dactrice originale <\/b>&#8211; <a title=\"User:Lynn Wright\" href=\"\/User:Lynn_Wright\">Lynn Wright<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Principaux collaborateurs <\/b> &#8211; <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Safiya Naz\" href=\"\/User:Safiya_Naz\"><bdi>Safiya Naz <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Loes Verspecht\" href=\"\/User:Loes_Verspecht\"><bdi>Loes Verspecht <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\" href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Lucinda hampton\" href=\"\/User:Lucinda_hampton\"><bdi>Lucinda Hampton <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kun Man Li\" href=\"\/User:Kun_Man_Li\"><bdi>Kun Man Li <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Ellen Wynant\" href=\"\/User:Ellen_Wynant\"><bdi>Ellen Wynant <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Lisa Ingenito\" href=\"\/User:Lisa_Ingenito\"><bdi>Lisa Ingenito <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Claire Knott\" href=\"\/User:Claire_Knott\"><bdi>Claire Knott <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:George Prudden\" href=\"\/User:George_Prudden\"><bdi>George Prudden <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink\" title=\"Special:Contributions\/Karolien Van Melkebeke\" href=\"\/Special:Contributions\/Karolien_Van_Melkebeke\"><bdi>Karolien Van Melkebeke <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Lynn Wright\" href=\"\/User:Lynn_Wright\"><bdi>Lynn Wright <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Tarina van der Stockt\" href=\"\/User:Tarina_van_der_Stockt\"><bdi>Tarina van der Stockt <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"Utilisateur:Lauren Lopez\" href=\"\/User:Lauren_Lopez\"><bdi>Lauren Lopez <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink\" title=\"Special:Contributions\/127.0.0.1\" href=\"\/Special:Contributions\/127.0.0.1\"><bdi>127.0.0.1 <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Evan Thomas\" href=\"\/User:Evan_Thomas\"><bdi>Evan Thomas <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\" href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\" href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\"><bdi>Ewa Jaraczewska <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Greg Walding\" href=\"\/User:Greg_Walding\"><bdi>Greg Walding <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Daniele Barilla\" href=\"\/User:Daniele_Barilla\"><bdi>Daniele Barilla <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"Utilisateur:WikiSysop\" href=\"\/User:WikiSysop\"><bdi>WikiSysop <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"Utilisateur:Karen Wilson\" href=\"\/User:Karen_Wilson\"><bdi>Karen Wilson <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Famke Coosemans\" href=\"\/User:Famke_Coosemans\"><bdi>Famke Coosemans<\/bdi><\/a> et <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Leana Louw\" href=\"\/User:Leana_Louw\"><bdi>Leana Louw<\/bdi><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display: none;\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Definition\/Description\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">D\u00e9finition et description<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Clinically_Relevant_Anatomy\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Anatomie cliniquement pertinente<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Epidemiology_\/Etiology\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et \u00e9tiologie<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Diagnostic_Procedures\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Proc\u00e9dures diagnostiques<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Pre-surgical_Physiotherapy\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Physioth\u00e9rapie pr\u00e9-chirurgicale<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Post-TKA_Surgery\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Chirurgie et hospitalisation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Post-surgical_Physiotherapy\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Physioth\u00e9rapie post-chirurgicale<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Subjective_Assessment\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>\u00c9valuation subjective<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Objective_Assessment\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>\u00c9valuation objective<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Outcome_Measures\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>Mesures des r\u00e9sultats<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Post-surgical_Physiotherapy_Treatment_Strategies_&amp;_Goals\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Objectifs et strat\u00e9gies de la prise en charge physioth\u00e9rapeutique post-chirurgicale<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Phase_I:_Up_to_2-3_weeks_post-surgery(31)(37)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>Phase 1 : jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 2 \u00e0 3 semaines apr\u00e8s la chirurgie <\/b> <sup>(31) <\/sup> <sup>(37)<\/sup><\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Common_Bed_and_Chair_Exercises\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>Exercices courants dans le lit et sur une chaise<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#Phase_II:_4-6_weeks_post-surgery\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>Phase 2 : 4 \u00e0 6 semaines apr\u00e8s la chirurgie<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#Phase_III:_6-8_weeks_post-surgery\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>Phase 3 : 6 \u00e0 8 semaines apr\u00e8s la chirurgie<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#Phase_IV:_8-12_weeks,_up_to_1_year_post-surgery\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>Phase 4 : 8 \u00e0 12 semaines, jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 1 an apr\u00e8s la chirurgie<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#Discharge_Criteria\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>Crit\u00e8res pour le cong\u00e9 en physioth\u00e9rapie<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Complications_&amp;_Contraindications\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Complications et contre-indications<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">10<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Definition.2FDescription\"><\/span><span id=\"Definition\/Description\" class=\"mw-headline\">D\u00e9finition et description<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Definition\/Description\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Definition\/Description\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumbnail tright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Total_knee_arthroplasty.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/83\/Total_knee_arthroplasty.jpg\/200px-Total_knee_arthroplasty.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/8\/83\/Total_knee_arthroplasty.jpg 1.5x\" alt=\"Arthroplastie totale du genou.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"312\" data-file-width=\"249\" data-file-height=\"389\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>L&rsquo;arthroplastie totale du genou, aussi appel\u00e9e \u00ab proth\u00e8se totale du genou \u00bb (PTG), est une chirurgie orthop\u00e9dique courante qui consiste \u00e0 remplacer les surfaces articulaires (condyles f\u00e9moraux et plateau tibial) de l&rsquo;<a title=\"Genou\" href=\"\/Knee\">articulation du genou<\/a> par du m\u00e9tal lisse et du plastique poly\u00e9thyl\u00e8ne hautement r\u00e9ticul\u00e9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> La chirurgie de PTG vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la <a title=\"Quality of Life\" href=\"\/Quality_of_Life\">qualit\u00e9 de vie<\/a> des personnes souffrant d&rsquo;<a title=\"Knee Osteoarthritis\" href=\"\/Knee_Osteoarthritis\">arthrose<\/a> s\u00e9v\u00e8re en r\u00e9duisant la douleur et en am\u00e9liorant la fonction, <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-1\">(1) <\/a><\/sup>et il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 qu&rsquo;elle am\u00e9liorait la capacit\u00e9 des patients \u00e0 faire du sport et \u00e0 pratiquer une activit\u00e9 physique. <sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> Le nombre de chirurgies de PTG a augment\u00e9 dans les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s, <sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> et des patients plus jeunes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de cette chirurgie.<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Pendant la <a title=\"Surgery and General Anaesthetic\" href=\"\/Surgery_and_General_Anaesthetic\">chirurgie<\/a> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Il y a au moins une pi\u00e8ce en poly\u00e9thyl\u00e8ne, plac\u00e9e entre le <a title=\"Tibia\" href=\"\/Tibia\">tibia<\/a> et le <a title=\"Femur\" href=\"\/Femur\">f\u00e9mur<\/a>, qui sert d&rsquo;amortisseur. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Les proth\u00e8ses sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement ciment\u00e9es, mais elles peuvent \u00eatre non ciment\u00e9es et on compte alors sur la croissance osseuse pour renforcer les composantes.<\/li>\n<li>La patella peut \u00eatre remplac\u00e9e ou resurfac\u00e9e. <sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup> <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup> La reconstruction de la patella vise \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir le m\u00e9canisme de l&rsquo;appareil extenseur.<\/li>\n<li>Il est possible d&rsquo;utiliser soit une approche de type \u00ab quadriceps splitting \u00bb dans laquelle une incision est effectu\u00e9e au sein du quadriceps, soit une approche de type \u00ab quadriceps sparing \u00bb dans laquelle le quadriceps est \u00e9pargn\u00e9. <sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Les ligaments crois\u00e9s peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9s\u00e9qu\u00e9s ou conserv\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Il existe diff\u00e9rents types de proc\u00e9dures chirurgicales, de mod\u00e8les de proth\u00e8ses et d&rsquo;ancrages. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_6-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-6\">(6) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Une chirurgie de <a title=\"Partial Knee Replacement\" href=\"\/Partial_Knee_Replacement\">proth\u00e8se unicompartimentale du genou <\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup> ou chirurgie de proth\u00e8se partielle f\u00e9moropatellaire peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en fonction de l&rsquo;\u00e9tendue de la maladie. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_1-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Plusieurs options d&rsquo;<a title=\"Surgery and General Anaesthetic\" href=\"\/Surgery_and_General_Anaesthetic\">anesth\u00e9sie<\/a> sont possibles, notamment l&rsquo;anesth\u00e9sie r\u00e9gionale combin\u00e9e \u00e0 une anesth\u00e9sie locale par infiltration, ou l&rsquo;anesth\u00e9sie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale combin\u00e9e \u00e0 une anesth\u00e9sie locale par infiltration, avec la possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;ajouter une anesth\u00e9sie par bloc nerveux p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique \u00e0 l&rsquo;une ou l&rsquo;autre de ces options. <sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup> Un garrot peut parfois \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 au cours de la chirurgie. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Les syst\u00e8mes de navigation assist\u00e9e par ordinateur ou la chirurgie assist\u00e9e par robot ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduits dans la chirurgie de PTG pour faciliter les mouvements de la main du chirurgien dans des espaces chirurgicaux limit\u00e9s (des \u00e9tudes prospectives sur les r\u00e9sultats fonctionnels \u00e0 long terme sont n\u00e9cessaires).<sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup>Ils permettent aux m\u00e9decins de r\u00e9aliser de nombreux types d&rsquo;interventions complexes avec plus de pr\u00e9cision, de souplesse et de contr\u00f4le que ne le permettent les techniques conventionnelles. Les syst\u00e8mes de navigation assist\u00e9e par ordinateur sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la chirurgie minimalement invasive (interventions r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 travers de minuscules incisions). Ils sont \u00e9galement parfois utilis\u00e9s dans certaines proc\u00e9dures chirurgicales effractives traditionnelles. <sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">(15) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Clinically_Relevant_Anatomy\" class=\"mw-headline\">Anatomie cliniquement pertinente <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Clinically Relevant Anatomy\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Clinically Relevant Anatomy\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumbnail tright\"><a class=\"image\" title=\"The most important structures of the knee\" href=\"\/File:Structures_of_the_knee.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7b\/Structures_of_the_knee.png\/385px-Structures_of_the_knee.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/7\/7b\/Structures_of_the_knee.png 1.5x\" alt=\"The most important structures of the knee\" width=\"385\" height=\"397\" data-file-width=\"563\" data-file-height=\"580\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Le <a title=\"Genou\" href=\"\/Knee\">genou<\/a> est une <a title=\"Joint Classification\" href=\"\/Joint_Classification\">articulation \u00e0 charni\u00e8re<\/a> modifi\u00e9e qui permet des mouvements de flexion et d&rsquo;extension ainsi que de petites rotations interne et externe. Trois os forment l&rsquo;articulation du genou : la partie sup\u00e9rieure du <a title=\"Tibia\" href=\"\/Tibia\">tibia<\/a>, la partie inf\u00e9rieure du <a title=\"Femur\" href=\"\/Femur\">f\u00e9mur<\/a> et la <a title=\"Patella\" href=\"\/Patella\">patella<\/a>. Les surfaces articulaires sont recouvertes d&rsquo;une fine couche de cartilage. Les deux m\u00e9nisques sont ancr\u00e9s respectivement \u00e0 la surface lat\u00e9rale et m\u00e9diale du plateau tibial et contribuent, entre autres, \u00e0 l&rsquo;absorption des chocs. L&rsquo;articulation du genou est renforc\u00e9e par des ligaments et une capsule articulaire.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Epidemiology_.2FEtiology\"><\/span><span id=\"Epidemiology_\/Etiology\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et \u00e9tiologie <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Epidemiology \/Etiology\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Epidemiology \/Etiology\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;indication la plus courante pour une proth\u00e8se totale du genou (PTG) primaire est l&rsquo;<a title=\"Knee Osteoarthritis\" href=\"\/Knee_Osteoarthritis\">arthrose<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_1-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> L&rsquo;<a title=\"Knee Osteoarthritis\" href=\"\/Knee_Osteoarthritis\">arthrose<\/a> entra\u00eene une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration du cartilage articulaire qui ne peut plus amortir les chocs. Les facteurs de risque de la gonarthrose (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire l&rsquo;arthrose du genou) sont le sexe, un indice de masse corporelle \u00e9lev\u00e9, des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de blessure au genou et des <a title=\"Multimorbidity\" href=\"\/Multimorbidity\">comorbidit\u00e9s<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\">(17) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup> La douleur est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la principale plainte des patients souffrant de gonarthrose.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup> La douleur est subjective et fait intervenir des m\u00e9canismes neuraux p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques et centraux modul\u00e9s par des facteurs neurochimiques, environnementaux, psychologiques et g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_19-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La chirurgie de PTG est plus fr\u00e9quemment pratiqu\u00e9e chez les femmes et les personnes plus \u00e2g\u00e9es.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_6-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup> Aux \u00c9tats-Unis comme au Royaume-Uni, la majorit\u00e9 des chirurgies de PTG ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es chez des femmes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_6-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-6\">(6) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup> On pr\u00e9voit une augmentation spectaculaire des chirurgies de PTG, <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_21-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup> avec un taux croissant de plus jeunes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires d&rsquo;une PTG (moins de 60 ans).<sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">(22) <\/a><\/sup>Cependant, selon Hawker et al, <sup id=\"cite_ref-:14_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:14-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup> les patients plus jeunes qui subissent une chirurgie de PTG pour une gonarthrose sont plus susceptibles de souffrir d&rsquo;ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 morbide, de fumer, et d&rsquo;avoir comme objectif de reprendre des activit\u00e9s vigoureuses, telles que le sport. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:14_23-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:14-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Diagnostic_Procedures\" class=\"mw-headline\">Proc\u00e9dures diagnostiques <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Diagnostic Procedures\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\">modifier<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Diagnostic Procedures\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Avant une chirurgie de PTG, une \u00e9valuation m\u00e9dicale compl\u00e8te est effectu\u00e9e pour d\u00e9terminer les risques et s&rsquo;assurer que le patient est un bon candidat pour cette chirurgie. Dans le cadre de cette \u00e9valuation, l&rsquo;imagerie permet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la gravit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence articulaire et de d\u00e9pister d&rsquo;autres anomalies articulaires. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup> Pendant la chirurgie, avant m\u00eame la fermeture de l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s chirurgical, une <a title=\"X-Rays\" href=\"\/X-Rays\">radiographie<\/a> du genou est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e afin de v\u00e9rifier l&rsquo;alignement de la proth\u00e8se. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Pre-surgical_Physiotherapy\" class=\"mw-headline\">Physioth\u00e9rapie pr\u00e9-chirurgicale <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Pre-surgical Physiotherapy\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Pre-surgical Physiotherapy\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumbnail tright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Muscles_of_the_knee_anterior_aspect_Primal.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9f\/Muscles_of_the_knee_anterior_aspect_Primal.png\/300px-Muscles_of_the_knee_anterior_aspect_Primal.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9f\/Muscles_of_the_knee_anterior_aspect_Primal.png\/450px-Muscles_of_the_knee_anterior_aspect_Primal.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9f\/Muscles_of_the_knee_anterior_aspect_Primal.png\/600px-Muscles_of_the_knee_anterior_aspect_Primal.png 2x\" alt=\"Muscles of the knee anterior aspect Primal.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-file-width=\"660\" data-file-height=\"660\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Les exercices de r\u00e9adaptation post-chirurgicale peuvent \u00eatre enseign\u00e9s avant la chirurgie, afin que les patients puissent effectuer les exercices appropri\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re plus efficace imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la chirurgie de PTG. Un programme d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement pr\u00e9-chirurgical peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour optimiser l&rsquo;\u00e9tat fonctionnel des patients afin d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration post-chirurgicale. Les programmes d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement pr\u00e9-chirurgicaux doivent se concentrer sur le <a title=\"Posture\" href=\"\/Posture\">contr\u00f4le postural<\/a>, les exercices fonctionnels des membres inf\u00e9rieurs et les exercices de renforcement des deux membres inf\u00e9rieurs. <sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Il n&rsquo;existe aucune donn\u00e9e probante prouvant l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de la physioth\u00e9rapie pr\u00e9-chirurgicale en ce qui concerne les param\u00e8tres post-chirurgicaux suivants apr\u00e8s une chirurgie de PTG : les r\u00e9sultats auto-d\u00e9clar\u00e9s des patients, la force des membres inf\u00e9rieurs, la douleur, l&rsquo;amplitude articulaire ou la dur\u00e9e d&rsquo;hospitalisation. <sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">(26) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">(27) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">(28) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Post-TKA_Surgery\" class=\"mw-headline\">Chirurgie et hospitalisation <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Post-TKA Surgery\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Post-TKA Surgery\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Une chirugie de PTG dure g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement 1 \u00e0 2 heures. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_24-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup> La majorit\u00e9 des patients commencent la physioth\u00e9rapie pendant leur s\u00e9jour \u00e0 l&rsquo;h\u00f4pital, dans les 24 heures suivant la chirurgie. Des exercices de mobilit\u00e9 et de renforcement musculaire, la cryoth\u00e9rapie et l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement \u00e0 la marche sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entam\u00e9s, et un programme d&rsquo;exercices \u00e0 domicile est prescrit avant la sortie de l&rsquo;h\u00f4pital. Il existe des preuves de faible qualit\u00e9 que les programmes de physioth\u00e9rapie acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e r\u00e9duisent la dur\u00e9e du s\u00e9jour dans un h\u00f4pital de soins aigus.<sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Les patients re\u00e7oivent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement leur cong\u00e9 apr\u00e8s quelques jours d&rsquo;hospitalisation et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient ensuite d&rsquo;un suivi en physioth\u00e9rapie, en ambulatoire ou \u00e0 domicile, dans la semaine qui suit leur sortie de l&rsquo;h\u00f4pital.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Les lignes directrices suivantes pour l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation et la prise en charge post-chirurgicales sont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9es pour les personnes ayant subi une chirurgie de PTG primaire avec une proth\u00e8se ciment\u00e9e et une approche chirurgicale standard. Les instructions du chirurgien concern\u00e9 doivent toujours \u00eatre suivies.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Post-surgical_Physiotherapy\" class=\"mw-headline\">Physioth\u00e9rapie post-chirurgicale <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Post-surgical Physiotherapy\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Post-surgical Physiotherapy\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les interventions de physioth\u00e9rapie sont efficaces pour am\u00e9liorer la fonction physique, l&rsquo;amplitude articulaire et la douleur des patients lors d&rsquo;un suivi \u00e0 court terme apr\u00e8s une chirurgie de PTG. Selon Fatoye et ses coll\u00e8gues, <sup id=\"cite_ref-:15_32-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:15-32\">(32)<\/a><\/sup> des \u00e9tudes suppl\u00e9mentaires sont n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9valuer les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e0 long terme ainsi que le rapport co\u00fbt-b\u00e9n\u00e9fices des interventions de physioth\u00e9rapie \u00e0 long terme apr\u00e8s une chirurgie de PTG. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:15_32-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:15-32\">(32)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Subjective_Assessment\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>\u00c9valuation subjective <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Subjective Assessment\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Subjective Assessment\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation objective devrait comprendre, sans s&rsquo;y limiter, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>les complications op\u00e9ratoires et postop\u00e9ratoires, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant;<\/li>\n<li>les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de probl\u00e8mes aux genoux ou d&rsquo;autres probl\u00e8mes musculosquelettiques, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant;<\/li>\n<li>les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents m\u00e9dicaux et <a title=\"Multimorbidity\" href=\"\/Multimorbidity\">comorbidit\u00e9s<\/a> pertinentes;<\/li>\n<li>les facteurs sociaux et l&rsquo;am\u00e9nagement du domicile;<\/li>\n<li>les progr\u00e8s obtenus gr\u00e2ce aux exercices \u00e0 domicile suite \u00e0 la chirugie de PTG;<\/li>\n<li>la douleur et les autres sympt\u00f4mes inconfortables (par exemple, des engourdissements ou des gonflements);<\/li>\n<li>les attentes face \u00e0 la chirurgie et la r\u00e9adaptation;<\/li>\n<li>les objectifs fonctionnels sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Objective_Assessment\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>\u00c9valuation objective <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Objective Assessment\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Objective Assessment\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation objective devrait comprendre, sans s&rsquo;y limiter, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;observation de la <a title=\"Wound Assessment\" href=\"\/Wound_Assessment\">plaie<\/a> ou de la cicatrice<\/li>\n<li>La v\u00e9rication les signes d&rsquo;infection :\n<ul>\n<li>Rougeur, \u00e9coulement (pus\/odeur d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able), adh\u00e9rences de la peau, chaleur et gonflement anormaux, rougeur s&rsquo;\u00e9tendant au-del\u00e0 des bords de l&rsquo;incision chirurgicale, fi\u00e8vre ou frissons<\/li>\n<li>Toute suspicion d&rsquo;infection justifie une consultation m\u00e9dicale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>La mesure de la circonf\u00e9rence pour \u00e9valuer l&rsquo;\u0153d\u00e8me du genou<\/li>\n<li>Les signes vitaux et r\u00e9sultats de laboratoire pertinents (le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant ou dans un contexte aigu)<\/li>\n<li>La v\u00e9rification de la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;une <a title=\"Deep Vein Thrombosis\" href=\"\/Deep_Vein_Thrombosis\">thrombose veineuse profonde<\/a> (TVP) (voir la section \u00ab\u00a0Complications et contre-indications\u00a0\u00bb ci-dessous pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur l&rsquo;identification des TVP).<\/li>\n<li>La palpation :\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c0 la recherche d&rsquo;une chaleur ou d&rsquo;un gonflement augment\u00e9s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9valuation de la fonction et du tonus musculaires :\n<ul>\n<li>Pour l&rsquo;activation musculaire (par exemple, quadriceps; muscle vaste interne du quadriceps)<\/li>\n<li>Rechercher la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;hypertonie, en particulier au niveau des adducteurs de la hanche :\n<ul>\n<li><b>Impacts sur la r\u00e9adaptation :<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Influence le patron de marche et la stabilit\u00e9 posturale<\/li>\n<li>Peut entra\u00eener une modification de la d\u00e9marche, augmentant la charge sur l&rsquo;articulation du genou<\/li>\n<li>Il est essentiel de prendre en charge cette probl\u00e9matique si elle est pr\u00e9sente afin que la prise en charge en r\u00e9adaptation soit compl\u00e8te<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;amplitude articulaire aux membres inf\u00e9rieurs :\n<ul>\n<li>La mobilit\u00e9 active et passive du genou en position couch\u00e9e ou semi-inclin\u00e9e (voir les \u00e9tapes de traitement ci-dessous pour plus de d\u00e9tails)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;activation et la force musculaire des membres inf\u00e9rieurs<\/li>\n<li>La marche :\n<ul>\n<li>Le <a title=\"Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)\" href=\"\/Timed_Up_and_Go_Test_(TUG)\">\u00ab Timed Up and Go \u00bb (TUG)<\/a> ou le <a title=\"10 Metre Walk Test\" href=\"\/10_Metre_Walk_Test\">test de marche de 10 m\u00e8tres<\/a> peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s (en fonction de la capacit\u00e9 et de la tol\u00e9rance du patient).<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9valuer la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;un flexum au genou, d&rsquo;un \u00e9vitement \u00e0 faire de la mise en charge sur la jambe op\u00e9r\u00e9e, d&rsquo;un patron de marche antalgiques, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Outcome_Measures\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Mesures des r\u00e9sultats <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Outcome Measures\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Outcome Measures\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/Knee_Injury_and_Osteoarthritis_Outcome_Score\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u00ab The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score \u00bb<\/a> (KOOS, questionnaire sur les cons\u00e9quences d&rsquo;une blessure au genou et de la gonarthrose) <sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-33\">(33)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Oxford Knee Score\" href=\"\/Oxford_Knee_Score\">R\u00e9sultat au Questionnaire d\u2019Oxford sur le genou <\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_34-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-34\">(34) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-35\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-35\">(35)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Satisfaction du patient <sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-36\">(36)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Tests de marche : <a title=\"Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)\" href=\"\/Timed_Up_and_Go_Test_(TUG)\">\u00ab Timed Up and Go \u00bb (TUG)<\/a>, <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/physio-pedia.com\/Six_Minute_Walk_Test_\/_6_Minute_Walk_Test?utm_source=physiopedia&amp;utm_medium=search&amp;utm_campaign=ongoing_internal\" rel=\"nofollow\">Test de marche de six minutes<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_34-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Visual Analogue Scale (\u00c9chelle visuelle analogique)\" href=\"\/Visual_Analogue_Scale\">\u00c9chelle visuelle analogique (EVA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Amplitude articulaire du genou <sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_34-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index\" href=\"\/WOMAC_Osteoarthritis_Index\">R\u00e9sultat au \u00ab Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index \u00bb <\/a> (WOMAC, questionnaire pour l&rsquo;indice de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 symptomatique de l&rsquo;arthrose des membres inf\u00e9rieurs des Universit\u00e9s Western Ontario et McMaster)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_34-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_36-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-36\">(36)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Post-surgical_Physiotherapy_Treatment_Strategies_.26_Goals\"><\/span><span id=\"Post-surgical_Physiotherapy_Treatment_Strategies_&amp;_Goals\" class=\"mw-headline\">Objectifs et strat\u00e9gies de la prise en charge physioth\u00e9rapeutique post-chirurgicale <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Post-surgical Physiotherapy Treatment Strategies &amp; Goals\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Post-surgical Physiotherapy Treatment Strategies &amp; Goals\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span id=\"Phase_I:_Up_to_2-3_weeks_post-surgery.5B31.5D.5B37.5D\"><\/span><span id=\"Phase_I:_Up_to_2-3_weeks_post-surgery(31)(37)\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Phase 1 : jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 2 \u00e0 3 semaines apr\u00e8s la chirurgie <\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_31-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-37\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-37\">(37)<\/a><\/sup><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Phase I: Up to 2-3 weeks post-surgery(31)(37)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Phase I: Up to 2-3 weeks post-surgery(31)(37)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Offrir une \u00e9ducation au patient : neuroscience de la douleur, gestion de la douleur, importance des exercices \u00e0 domicile, \u00e9laboration des objectifs et discussion des attentes en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9adaptation<\/li>\n<li>Obtenir une flexion active et passive du genou de 90 degr\u00e9s et une extension compl\u00e8te du genou\n<ul>\n<li>Limitation de l&rsquo;amplitude articulaire en flexion passive du genou \u00e0 moins de 90 degr\u00e9s au cours des deux premi\u00e8res semaines pour la protection de l&rsquo;incision chirurgicale et pour la gu\u00e9rison des tissus<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9duire au minimum la douleur et l\u2019\u0153d\u00e8me<\/li>\n<li>Parvenir \u00e0 une mise en charge compl\u00e8te<\/li>\n<li>Viser l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance en mati\u00e8re de mobilit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s de la vie quotidienne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Au cours de la phase initiale de r\u00e9adaptation, il est important d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir une alliance th\u00e9rapeutique et de fournir une \u00e9ducation sur les strat\u00e9gies de gestion de la douleur. L&rsquo;\u00e9ducation relative \u00e0 la douleur peut inclure l&rsquo;utilisation appropri\u00e9e de la <a title=\"Pain Medications\" href=\"\/Pain_Medications\">m\u00e9dication<\/a> contre la douleur, la cryoth\u00e9rapie <sup id=\"cite_ref-38\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-38\">(38)<\/a><\/sup> et l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9vation du membre op\u00e9r\u00e9. Il est prouv\u00e9 que la <a title=\"La cryoth\u00e9rapie\" href=\"\/Cryotherapy\">cryoth\u00e9rapie<\/a> am\u00e9liore l&rsquo;amplitude articulaire du genou et la douleur \u00e0 court terme. L&rsquo;application de glace apr\u00e8s les exercices peut \u00eatre utile, mais la faible qualit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es probantes rend difficile l&rsquo;\u00e9laboration de recommandations sp\u00e9cifiques quant \u00e0 l&rsquo;utilisation de la <a title=\"La cryoth\u00e9rapie\" href=\"\/Cryotherapy\">cryoth\u00e9rapie<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-39\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-39\">(39)<\/a><\/sup> Les patients doivent \u00eatre inform\u00e9s qu&rsquo;ils doivent \u00e9viter de mettre un oreiller sous leur genou lorsqu&rsquo;ils se reposent, car cela peut entra\u00eener des contractures.<\/p>\n<p>Il est important de r\u00e9viser le programme d&rsquo;exercices \u00e0 domicile des patients lors de la premi\u00e8re s\u00e9ance de physioth\u00e9rapie, car les exercices \u00e0 domicile sont un \u00e9l\u00e9ment crucial pour leur r\u00e9tablissement. Les programmes d&rsquo;exercices post-chirurgicaux propos\u00e9s par le chirurgien et le physioth\u00e9rapeute du service hospitalier doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9vis\u00e9s. Dans la phase initiale, on peut apprendre aux patients \u00e0 monter les escaliers en utilisant la jambe non op\u00e9r\u00e9e en premier, et \u00e0 descendre les escaliers en utilisant la jambe op\u00e9r\u00e9e en premier.<\/p>\n<h6><span id=\"Common_Bed_and_Chair_Exercises\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Exercices courants dans le lit et sur une chaise <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Common Bed and Chair Exercises\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Common Bed and Chair Exercises\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nM0K5MlQc3U?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-40\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-40\">(40)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flexion plantaire et flexion dorsale de la cheville<\/li>\n<li>Renforcement du quadriceps dans la zone interne \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;un oreiller ou d&rsquo;une serviette roul\u00e9e derri\u00e8re le genou<\/li>\n<li>Extension isom\u00e9trique du genou dans la zone externe<\/li>\n<li>Flexion et extension du genou et de la hanche<\/li>\n<li>Lev\u00e9e de la jambe tendue<\/li>\n<li>Contraction isom\u00e9trique des fessiers<\/li>\n<li>Abduction et adduction de la hanche<\/li>\n<li>Pont<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Phase_II:_4-6_weeks_post-surgery\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Phase 2 : 4 \u00e0 6 semaines apr\u00e8s la chirurgie <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Phase II: 4-6 weeks post-surgery\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Phase II: 4-6 weeks post-surgery\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Ne pas avoir de d\u00e9ficit d&rsquo;extension active du genou (\u00ab quadriceps lag \u00bb), et avoir un bon contr\u00f4le musculaire volontaire du quadriceps<\/li>\n<li>Atteindre une amplitude articulaire de 105 degr\u00e9s de flexion active du genou<\/li>\n<li>Obtenir une extension compl\u00e8te du genou<\/li>\n<li>Viser un niveau de douleur et un \u0153d\u00e8me minimal, voire inexistant<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>On peut pr\u00e9voir une \u00e0 deux s\u00e9ances de physioth\u00e9rapie par semaine. Cette fr\u00e9quence peut \u00eatre augment\u00e9e ou diminu\u00e9e en fonction des progr\u00e8s r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par le patient. L&rsquo;extension compl\u00e8te du genou est essentielle pour les t\u00e2ches fonctionnelles telles que la marche et la mont\u00e9e des escaliers. Une certaine amplitude articulaire de flexion du genou est n\u00e9cessaire pour effectuer les activit\u00e9s fonctionnelles confortablement : marcher (65 degr\u00e9s), monter les escaliers (85 degr\u00e9s), s&rsquo;asseoir et se relever de la position assise (95 degr\u00e9s). <sup id=\"cite_ref-:13_41-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:13-41\">(41)<\/a><\/sup> Au cours de cette phase, des techniques de mobilisation des tissus mous peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es pour am\u00e9liorer la mobilit\u00e9 de la cicatrice.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Phase_III:_6-8_weeks_post-surgery\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Phase 3 : 6 \u00e0 8 semaines apr\u00e8s la chirurgie <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Phase III: 6-8 weeks post-surgery\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Phase III: 6-8 weeks post-surgery\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Exercices de renforcement pour assurer une hypertrophie musculaire et pas seulement une adaptation neurale <sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_31-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Exercices fonctionnels pour les membres inf\u00e9rieurs<\/li>\n<li>Entra\u00eenement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre et \u00e0 la proprioception<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bien qu&rsquo;il ait \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 que la chirurgie de PTG primaire r\u00e9duisait l&rsquo;incidence des chutes <sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_42-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-42\">(42)<\/a><\/sup> et am\u00e9liorait les fonctions li\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre telles que l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre unipodale, <sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_42-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-42\">(42)<\/a><\/sup> <sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_43-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-43\">(43)<\/a><\/sup> la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration sous-optimale de la proprioception, de l&rsquo;orientation sensorielle, du contr\u00f4le postural et de la force du membre op\u00e9r\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la chirurgie de PTG est bien document\u00e9e.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_42-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-42\">(42)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_43-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-43\">(43)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_44-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-44\">(44)<\/a><\/sup> La litt\u00e9rature souligne l&rsquo;importance de l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement proprioceptif et de l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement pr\u00e9op\u00e9ratoire <sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_44-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-44\">(44)<\/a><\/sup> impliquant le membre non op\u00e9r\u00e9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_43-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-43\">(43)<\/a><\/sup> Les exercices d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre peuvent comprendre l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre unipodale, l&rsquo;enjambement d&rsquo;obstacles, la mont\u00e9e lat\u00e9rale sur marche et la station debout sur des surfaces non planes. L&rsquo;entra\u00eenement post-chirurgical \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre et \u00e0 la proprioception, qui implique la station debout sur un seul membre, peut commencer lorsqu&rsquo;un contr\u00f4le ad\u00e9quat du genou op\u00e9r\u00e9 est obtenu, ce qui se produit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement autour de la 8e semaine apr\u00e8s la chirurgie de PTG.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_31-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Des programmes de r\u00e9adaptation individualis\u00e9s comprenant des exercices de renforcement et des exercices fonctionnels intensifs, r\u00e9alis\u00e9s sur le sol ou en piscine, peuvent \u00eatre progress\u00e9s au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les objectifs cliniques et de force sont atteints. Ces exercices \u00e9tant tr\u00e8s personnalis\u00e9s, une supervision par un physioth\u00e9rapeute qualifi\u00e9 est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable. <sup id=\"cite_ref-45\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-45\">(45) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-46\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-46\">(46)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Phase_IV:_8-12_weeks.2C_up_to_1_year_post-surgery\"><\/span><span id=\"Phase_IV:_8-12_weeks,_up_to_1_year_post-surgery\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Phase 4 : 8 \u00e0 12 semaines, jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 1 an apr\u00e8s la chirurgie <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Phase IV: 8-12 weeks, up to 1 year post-surgery\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Phase IV: 8-12 weeks, up to 1 year post-surgery\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Viser \u00e0 ce que le patient soit en mesure de faire son programme d&rsquo;exercices de fa\u00e7on autonome dans son milieu de vie<\/li>\n<li>Poursuivre les exercices r\u00e9guliers de renforcement, d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre et de proprioception<\/li>\n<li>Int\u00e9grer des strat\u00e9gies de modification du comportement afin que le patient augmente son niveau d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique <sup id=\"cite_ref-47\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-47\">(47)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Discharge_Criteria\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Crit\u00e8res pour le cong\u00e9 en physioth\u00e9rapie <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Discharge Criteria\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Discharge Criteria\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>La planification du cong\u00e9 devrait \u00eatre individualis\u00e9e et les crit\u00e8res peuvent inclure :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Atteindre un minimum de 110 degr\u00e9s de flexion active du genou et l&rsquo;extension compl\u00e8te du genou<\/li>\n<li>Atteindre les objectifs pour la marche<\/li>\n<li>Parvenir \u00e0 l&rsquo;observance du programme d&rsquo;exercices \u00e0 domicile et \u00e0 la ma\u00eetrise de ce programme par le patient\n<ul>\n<li>Il est recommand\u00e9 aux patients de s&rsquo;engager \u00e0 effectuer leur programme d&rsquo;exercices de fa\u00e7on autonome pendant les 6 \u00e0 12 mois suivant la chirurgie<\/li>\n<li>Le programme d&rsquo;exercices devrait inclure un entra\u00eenement de renforcement musculaire \u00e0 raison de 3 \u00e0 5 fois par semaine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Complications_.26_Contraindications\"><\/span><span id=\"Complications_&amp;_Contraindications\" class=\"mw-headline\">Complications et contre-indications <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Complications &amp; Contraindications\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Complications &amp; Contraindications\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ces complications peuvent survenir \u00e0 la suite d&rsquo;une chirurgie de PTG :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Infection<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e9sion nerveuse<\/li>\n<li>Fracture osseuse (perop\u00e9ratoire ou postop\u00e9ratoire)<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Chronic pain and the brain\" href=\"\/Chronic_pain_and_the_brain\">Douleur chronique <\/a> ou persistante <sup id=\"cite_ref-48\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-48\">(48) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-49\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-49\">(49)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Risque augment\u00e9 de <a title=\"Falls\" href=\"\/Falls\">chutes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Deep Vein Thrombosis\" href=\"\/Deep_Vein_Thrombosis\">Thrombose veineuse profonde<\/a> (TVP)\n<ul>\n<li>Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une complication fr\u00e9quente apr\u00e8s une chirurgie de remplacement du genou ou de la hanche, qui peut entra\u00eener une morbidit\u00e9 et une mortalit\u00e9 importantes.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;incidence de la TVP apr\u00e8s un remplacement du genou ou de la hanche a \u00e9t\u00e9 estim\u00e9e \u00e0 18 % <sup id=\"cite_ref-50\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-50\">(50)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Des \u00e9tudes de plus grande ampleur ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les patients pr\u00e9sentant un diagnostic ou une pathologie d&rsquo;hypercoagulabilit\u00e9 courent un plus grand risque de TVP dans les 6 mois suivant un remplacement articulaire <sup id=\"cite_ref-51\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-51\">(51)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Identification de la TVP :\n<ul>\n<li>Les cliniciens doivent conna\u00eetre les signes et les sympt\u00f4mes de la TVP, tels que la douleur \u00e0 la poitrine, l&rsquo;essoufflement, la rougeur ou la d\u00e9coloration de la peau, la chaleur ou l&rsquo;augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature de la peau dans la zone touch\u00e9e, la douleur, la sensibilit\u00e9, l&rsquo;\u0153d\u00e8me (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement unilat\u00e9rale) et des veines visibles. Toutefois, il convient de noter que certains patients atteints de TVP peuvent \u00eatre asymptomatiques.<\/li>\n<li>Il faut \u00e9galement pr\u00e9ciser que le <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/physio-pedia.com\/Homan's_Sign_Test?utm_source=physiopedia&amp;utm_medium=search&amp;utm_campaign=ongoing_internal\">signe de Homan<\/a> est un test clinique qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour \u00e9valuer la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;une thrombose veineuse profonde (TVP). Le patient est positionn\u00e9 en d\u00e9cubitus dorsal ou semi-inclin\u00e9, et le clinicien mobilise passivement la cheville en flexion dorsale et comprime le mollet. Cependant, le signe de Homan n&rsquo;est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un test fiable.<sup id=\"cite_ref-52\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-52\">(52)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13017-016-0078-1\/tables\/1\">Score de Wells<\/a> et le Score de Gen\u00e8ve sont deux des r\u00e8gles de d\u00e9cision clinique standardis\u00e9es les plus couramment utilis\u00e9es pour \u00e9valuer la probabilit\u00e9 pr\u00e9-test d&rsquo;une TVP. Le Score de Wells, associ\u00e9 au test des D-dim\u00e8re, a \u00e9t\u00e9 valid\u00e9. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:16_53-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:16-53\">(53)<\/a><\/sup> Pour en savoir plus sur le Score de Wells et le Score de Gen\u00e8ve, cliquez ici : <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/10\/6\/365\">Advances in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism : a literature review<\/a> (une revue de la litt\u00e9rature concernant les avanc\u00e9es dans le diagnostic de la thromboembolie veineuse, en anglais original). <sup id=\"cite_ref-:16_53-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:16-53\">(53)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Toute suspicion d&rsquo;une TVP justifie une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence urgente \u00e0 un m\u00e9decin. Le diagnostic d\u00e9finitif n\u00e9cessite g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des tests de D-dim\u00e8res et une imagerie par ultrasons (par exemple, une \u00e9chographie de compression).<sup id=\"cite_ref-54\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-54\">(54)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Raideur articulaire <sup id=\"cite_ref-:13_41-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:13-41\">(41)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Il s&rsquo;agit de la plainte la plus fr\u00e9quente apr\u00e8s une chirurgie de PTG primaire<\/li>\n<li>Elle touche environ 6 \u00e0 7 % des patients subissant une intervention chirurgicale<sup id=\"cite_ref-:13_41-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:13-41\">(41)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Dans la litt\u00e9rature actuelle, une raideur idiopathique acquise (\u00ab acquired idiopathic stiffness \u00bb) est d\u00e9finie comme \u00e9tant une amplitude de mouvement de &lt;90\u00b0 persistant pendant &gt;12 semaines apr\u00e8s la chirurgie de PTG primaire, en l&rsquo;absence de facteurs de complication, y compris une raideur pr\u00e9existante.<\/li>\n<li>La raideur articulaire est \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019une incapacit\u00e9 fonctionnelle et d\u2019une moindre satisfaction significatives. <sup id=\"cite_ref-55\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-55\">(55)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Les femmes et les patients ob\u00e8ses auraient un risque accru de d\u00e9velopper une raideur persistante. <sup id=\"cite_ref-56\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-56\">(56)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Les donn\u00e9es probantes ne recommandent pas l\u2019utilisation syst\u00e9matique des mouvements passifs continus (appel\u00e9s CPM en anglais, pour \u00ab continuous passive motion \u00bb) car les effets cliniques et fonctionnels \u00e0 long terme sont insignifiants, <sup id=\"cite_ref-57\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-57\">(57)<\/a><\/sup> <sup id=\"cite_ref-58\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-58\">(58)<\/a><\/sup> et ne sont pas sup\u00e9rieurs aux techniques de mobilisation traditionnelles. <sup id=\"cite_ref-59\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-59\">(59)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Complications li\u00e9es \u00e0 la proth\u00e8se : descellement ou fracture des composantes de la proth\u00e8se, instabilit\u00e9 et luxation de l&rsquo;articulation, d\u00e9salignement et usure des composantes\n<ul>\n<li>Bien que les taux d&rsquo;\u00e9chec \u00e0 long terme des implants de PTG doivent encore \u00eatre \u00e9tudi\u00e9s, les donn\u00e9es disponibles du registre des arthroplasties montrent que 82 % des PTG et 70 % des proth\u00e8ses unicompartimentales du genou durent 25 ans chez les patients souffrant d&rsquo;arthrose <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_1-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;usure du poly\u00e9thyl\u00e8ne est une cause fr\u00e9quente de r\u00e9vision chirurgicale <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_1-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Activit\u00e9s \u00e0 haut risque qui peuvent \u00eatre interdites apr\u00e8s la chirurgie ou qui n\u00e9cessitent une autorisation du chirurgien orthop\u00e9dique avant leur reprise :\n<ul>\n<li>Tennis en simple, squash, racquetball<\/li>\n<li>Jogging<\/li>\n<li>Danse a\u00e9robique avec sauts<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e9lo de montagne<\/li>\n<li>Football europ\u00e9en, football am\u00e9rican, volleyball, baseball, balle molle, handball, basketball<\/li>\n<li>Gymnastique<\/li>\n<li>Ski nautique, sports nautiques<\/li>\n<li>Ski<\/li>\n<li>Patinage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Total_Knee_Arthroplasty&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_1-0\">1.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_1-1\">1.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_1-2\">1.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_1-3\">1.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_1-4\">1.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_1-5\">1.5<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Evans JT, Walker RW, Evans JP, Blom AW, Sayers A, Whitehouse MR. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(18)32531-5\/fulltext\" rel=\"nofollow\">How long does a knee replacement last? A systematic review and meta-analysis of case series and national registry reports with more than 15 years of follow-up<\/a>. The Lancet. 2019 Feb 16;393(10172):655-63.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Palmer, S., 2020. Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). (online) Medscape. 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Chirurgia Narzad\u00f3w Ruchu i Ortopedia Polska. 2011;76(6):345-9.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20231114074203 Cache expiry: 0 Reduced expiry: true Complications: (show\u2010toc) CPU time usage: 0.214 seconds Real time usage: 0.471 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 820\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 76\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/100 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 38626\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 49.748 1 Special:Contributors\/Total_Knee_Arthroplasty 100.00% 49.748 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00e9dactrice originale &#8211; Lynn Wright Principaux collaborateurs &#8211; Safiya Naz , Loes Verspecht , Kim Jackson , Lucinda Hampton , Kun Man Li , Ellen Wynant , Lisa Ingenito , Claire Knott , George Prudden , Karolien Van Melkebeke , Lynn Wright , Tarina van der Stockt , Lauren Lopez , 127.0.0.1 , Evan Thomas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8452","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8452"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9086,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8452\/revisions\/9086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}