{"id":5735,"date":"2023-04-21T15:22:15","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T15:22:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/mobile-phone-use-in-disaster-conflict-and-displacement-fr\/"},"modified":"2023-04-21T17:49:43","modified_gmt":"2023-04-21T17:49:43","slug":"mobile-phone-use-in-disaster-conflict-and-displacement-fr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/mobile-phone-use-in-disaster-conflict-and-displacement-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"Utilisation de la t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile en situation de catastrophe, de conflit et de d\u00e9placements de population"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\"> <b>\u00c9diteur original <\/b>&#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Robin_Tacchetti\" title=\"User:Robin Tacchetti\">Robin Tacchetti<\/a> \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;un cours de <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/course_tutor\/sue-pich%C3%A9\/\">Sue Pich\u00e9<\/a><br \/>\n<b>Principaux contributeurs<\/b> &#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Robin_Tacchetti\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Robin Tacchetti\"><bdi>Robin Tacchetti<\/bdi><\/a> et <a href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input type=\"checkbox\" role=\"button\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"toctogglespan\"><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"><\/label><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Humanitarian_Crisis\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Crise humanitaire<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Displaced_Persons\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Communication\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Communication<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Social_Inclusion\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Inclusion sociale<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Social_Network\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9seau social<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Health\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Sant\u00e9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Politics\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Politique<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Issues\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Enjeux<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Connectivity\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Connectivit\u00e9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Surveillance\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">10<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Surveillance<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Summary\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">11<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Resources\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">12<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Ressources<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">13 <\/span><span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;utilisation des appareils mobiles n&rsquo;a cess\u00e9 d&rsquo;augmenter et environ 95 % de la population mondiale dispose d&rsquo;une couverture mobile. Pour les personnes marginalis\u00e9es, les technologies mobiles permettent d&rsquo;assurer une r\u00e9silience plus \u00e9quitable en situations de catastrophe. Les groupes marginalis\u00e9s comprennent les personnes pr\u00e9sentant un handicap, qui sont quatre fois plus susceptibles de p\u00e9rir dans des situations de catastrophe, et les femmes, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es comme \u00e9tant plus vuln\u00e9rables dans des situations de catastrophe. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> Dans les pays \u00e0 faible revenu, les femmes ont 10 % moins de chances de poss\u00e9der un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile. Cette exclusion du monde num\u00e9rique a un impact n\u00e9gatif sur la possibilit\u00e9 pour une femme d&rsquo;\u00eatre secourue dans des situations dangereuses.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Humanitarian_Crisis\">Crise humanitaire <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Humanitarian Crisis\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Humanitarian Crisis\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Lors de situations humanitaires d&rsquo;urgence, les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones mobiles peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour informer et \u00e9duquer le public sur la situation d&rsquo;urgence et pour diffuser des informations. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> Les communaut\u00e9s vivant dans des conditions difficiles peuvent utiliser leurs applications ou plateformes de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile pour :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des informations actualis\u00e9es<\/li>\n<li>rester en contact les uns avec les autres<\/li>\n<li>signaler les situations qui mettent la vie en danger et n\u00e9cessitent une aide d&rsquo;urgence<\/li>\n<li>se connecter aux infrastructures humanitaires <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones mobiles sont devenus des outils essentiels pour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es afin de \u00ab\u00a0naviguer dans leur parcours migratoire (&#8230;) et g\u00e9rer les complexit\u00e9s de la vie pendant la r\u00e9installation\u00a0\u00bb.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Displaced_Persons\">Personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Displaced Persons\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Displaced Persons\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuyant leur pays, la technologie moderne de la communication peut apporter un certain niveau de soutien \u00e9motionnel.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> La possession d&rsquo;un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile permet \u00e9galement aux personnes en d\u00e9placement d&rsquo;\u00e9viter de transporter des cartes, de l&rsquo;argent, des documents, des lampes de poche et des dictionnaires.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup> Les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones mobiles permettent non seulement aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de rester en contact avec leur famille rest\u00e9e au pays, mais ils fournissent \u00e9galement des informations logistiques lors du voyages dangereux et stressants.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> Des conseils logistiques sp\u00e9cifiques sont souvent n\u00e9cessaires en ce qui concerne les fronti\u00e8res \u00e0 franchir, la distance \u00e0 parcourir, la nourriture, le transport et l&rsquo;h\u00e9bergement.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> Outre la logistique et la communication, l&rsquo;utilisation du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile peut contribuer \u00e0 fournir aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de l&rsquo;information, une s\u00e9curit\u00e9, un divertissement et des distractions tout au long de leur voyage.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup> Les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s consid\u00e8rent que la possession d&rsquo;un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile et la connectivit\u00e9 sont essentielles \u00e0 leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La vid\u00e9o ci-dessous, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Ars Technica, montre l&rsquo;importance du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SgK-JcaddBM?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Communication\">Communication<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Communication\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Communication\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la mobilit\u00e9 permet aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de tenir leurs amis et leur famille au courant de leur voyage. En envoyant des SMS ou en appelant leurs proches, ils b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d&rsquo;un soutien \u00e9motionnel tout au long de leur parcours. Certains r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s reportent toute communication jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ce qu&rsquo;ils atteignent leur destination finale. Dans ce cas, les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones mobiles peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour documenter les souvenirs de leurs exp\u00e9riences afin de les partager ult\u00e9rieurement.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Social_Inclusion\">Inclusion sociale <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Social Inclusion\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Social Inclusion\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es en cours de r\u00e9installation, l&rsquo;utilisation des technologies mobiles a \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;inclusion sociale et \u00e0 la possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des informations utiles \u00e0 la vie quotidienne. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> La possibilit\u00e9 de rester en contact avec les proches rest\u00e9s au pays tout en \u00e9tablissant de nouvelles relations dans les communaut\u00e9s d&rsquo;accueil contribue \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un sentiment d&rsquo;appartenance. Un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile sert d&rsquo;espace virtuel pour d\u00e9velopper des connexions transculturelles, en comblant le foss\u00e9 culturel entre la culture locale et la personne d\u00e9plac\u00e9e.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Social_Network\">R\u00e9seau social <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Social Network\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Edit section: Social Network\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les m\u00e9dias sociaux peuvent mettre les migrants en contact avec d&rsquo;autres r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les pays d&rsquo;accueil et leur fournir des informations logistiques sur les itin\u00e9raires, les moyens de transport et l&rsquo;h\u00e9bergement. En outre, ces r\u00e9seaux fournissent des informations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales pour aider les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes d&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>comportement appropri\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>style vestimentaire<\/li>\n<li>droits<\/li>\n<li>citoyennet\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>services de soutien<\/li>\n<li>emploi<\/li>\n<li>logement communautaire<\/li>\n<li>programmes d&rsquo;apprentissage des langues <sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-7\">(7) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Health\">Sant\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Health\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Edit section: Health\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les technologies mobiles peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es de diverses mani\u00e8res pour faciliter l&rsquo;inclusion dans le domaine de la sant\u00e9. Les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es utilisent des plateformes en ligne pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des informations sur la sant\u00e9, \u00e0 des groupes de soutien et pour communiquer avec des prestataires de soins de sant\u00e9. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_7-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup> Par la suite, les prestataires peuvent surveiller virtuellement l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 d&rsquo;une personne d\u00e9plac\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de diverses applications. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Politics\">Politique<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Politics\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Edit section: Politics\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;utilisation de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones mobiles peut permettre aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d&rsquo;exercer leur droit \u00e0 participer \u00e0 des discussions politiques. Les m\u00e9dias sociaux leur permettent d&rsquo;exprimer leur opinion, de d\u00e9fendre les droits des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, d&rsquo;influencer la politique et de s&rsquo;engager dans l&rsquo;activisme en ligne et hors ligne.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_7-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Issues\">Enjeux<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Issues\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Edit section: Issues\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es soutiennent que les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones mobiles sont une bou\u00e9e de sauvetage, mais leur utilisation comporte des risques inh\u00e9rents au voyage vers la r\u00e9installation. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup> En exil, les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des probl\u00e9matiques de connectivit\u00e9 et de surveillance. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_6-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Connectivity\">Connectivit\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Connectivity\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Edit section: Connectivity\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l&rsquo;internet via le Wi-Fi, les cartes SIM ainsi que les ressources de recharge des batteries sont impr\u00e9visibles et fragiles. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_6-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup> La possibilit\u00e9 de recharger un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone pendant le voyage de migration devient une question de vie ou de mort. De nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s indiquent qu&rsquo;ils partagent, changent et \u00e9changent continuellement leurs batteries afin de ne pas \u00eatre d\u00e9connect\u00e9s. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_5-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup> Une fois dans une communaut\u00e9 de r\u00e9installation, les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es peuvent \u00e9prouver des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 utiliser leur t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile pour les raisons suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ressources financi\u00e8res limit\u00e9es, ce qui a une incidence sur l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau mobile fiable et stable<\/li>\n<li>difficult\u00e9 d&rsquo;obtenir une carte SIM en raison d&rsquo;un statut juridique ou d&rsquo;immigration incertain<\/li>\n<li>infrastructure de communication locale dans le pays ou la communaut\u00e9 d&rsquo;accueil <sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_7-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Surveillance\">Surveillance<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Surveillance\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Edit section: Surveillance\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Une surveillance num\u00e9rique des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es peut \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9e \u00e0 travers l&rsquo;utilisation de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones intelligents. Les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre suivies par les pays qu&rsquo;elles ont quitt\u00e9s ou par les pays o\u00f9 elles se rendent et\/ou par des trafiquants d&rsquo;\u00eatres humains.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_5-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup> Pour contrer cette surveillance, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s d\u00e9clarent utiliser des pseudonymes et des avatars pour tenter de prot\u00e9ger leur identit\u00e9 et leurs itin\u00e9raires et destinations pr\u00e9vus contre le gouvernement de leur pays d&rsquo;origine ou d&rsquo;autres groupes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_6-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-6\">(6) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_3-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Summary\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Summary\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Edit section: Summary\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;utilisation du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile permet aux personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de d\u00e9velopper des comp\u00e9tences \u00e9ducatives, sociales, linguistiques et num\u00e9riques. Plus important encore, le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone intelligent favorise l&rsquo;inclusion sociale gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un double lien virtuel avec la culture propre de l&rsquo;individu et sa nouvelle soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_5-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Cette vid\u00e9o de la BBC Media Action r\u00e9sume les avantages et les risques de l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile pendant la migration d&rsquo;une personne d\u00e9plac\u00e9e :<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/m1BLsySgsHM?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Resources\">Ressources<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Resources\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Edit section: Resources\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/Global_Challenges_Relating_to_the_Refugee_Experience\" title=\"Global Challenges Relating to the Refugee Experience\">Global Challenges Relating to the Refugee Experience<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Cultural_Competence_and_Access_to_Healthcare_for_Displaced_Persons\" title=\"Comp\u00e9tence culturelle et acc\u00e8s aux soins pour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es\">Comp\u00e9tence culturelle et acc\u00e8s aux soins pour les personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Health_Concerns_for_Displaced_Persons\" title=\"Health Concerns for Displaced Persons\">Health Concerns for Displaced Persons<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-0\">1.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-1\">1.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Paul JD, Bee E, Budimir M. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2212096321000255\">Mobile phone technologies for disaster risk reduction<\/a>. Climate Risk Management. 2021 Jan 1;32:100296.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-0\">2.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-1\">2.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Akhmatova DM, Akhmatova MS. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/jhumanitarianaction.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41018-020-00076-2\">Promoting digital humanitarian action in protecting human rights: hope or hype<\/a>. Journal of International Humanitarian Action. 2020 Dec;5(1):1-7.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-0\">3.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-1\">3.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-2\">3.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-3\">3.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-4\">3.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-5\">3.5<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-6\">3.6<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_3-7\">3.7<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Alencar A. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/soc4.12802\">Mobile communication and refugees: An analytical review of academic literature<\/a>. Sociology Compass. 2020 Aug;14(8):e12802.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_4-0\">4.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_4-1\">4.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Eide E. Mobile flight: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journal-njmr.org\/articles\/10.33134\/njmr.250\">Refugees and the importance of cell phones<\/a>. Nordic Journal of Migration Research. 2020 May 28;10(2).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:6-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_5-0\">5.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_5-1\">5.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_5-2\">5.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_5-3\">5.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_5-4\">5.4<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Mancini T, Sibilla F, Argiropoulos D, Rossi M, Everri M. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6886855\/\">The opportunities and risks of mobile phones for refugees\u2019 experience:<\/a> A scoping review. PloS one. 2019 Dec 2;14(12):e0225684.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_6-0\">6.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_6-1\">6.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_6-2\">6.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_6-3\">6.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Alencar A, Kondova K, Ribbens W. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0163443718813486\">The smartphone as a lifeline: An exploration of refugees\u2019 use of mobile communication technologies during their flight.<\/a> Media, Culture &amp; Society. 2019 Sep;41(6):828-44.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:5-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_7-0\">7.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_7-1\">7.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_7-2\">7.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_7-3\">7.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_7-4\">7.4<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Dasuki S, Effah J. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02681102.2021.1976714\">Mobile phone use for social inclusion: the case of internally displaced people in Nigeria<\/a>. Information Technology for Development. 2022 Jul 3;28(3):532-57.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20230421002843 Cache expiry: 0 Dynamic content: true Complications: () CPU time usage: 0.064 seconds Real time usage: 0.067 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 257\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 135\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/40 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 7437\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 8.683 1 Special:Contributors\/Mobile_Phone_Use_in_Disaster,_Conflict_and_Displacement 100.00% 8.683 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9diteur original &#8211; Robin Tacchetti \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;un cours de Sue Pich\u00e9 Principaux contributeurs &#8211; Robin Tacchetti et Jess Bell Contenu 1 Introduction 2 Crise humanitaire 3 Personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es 4 Communication 5 Inclusion sociale 6 R\u00e9seau social 7 Sant\u00e9 8 Politique 9 Enjeux 9.1 Connectivit\u00e9 10 Surveillance 11 R\u00e9sum\u00e9 12 Ressources 13 R\u00e9f\u00e9rences Introduction(edit | [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5735","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5735","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5735"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5735\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5738,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5735\/revisions\/5738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}