{"id":5721,"date":"2023-04-20T16:14:55","date_gmt":"2023-04-20T16:14:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/physical-activity-in-individuals-with-disabilities-fr\/"},"modified":"2026-01-13T15:07:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T15:07:26","slug":"physical-activity-in-individuals-with-disabilities-fr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/physical-activity-in-individuals-with-disabilities-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"Activit\u00e9 physique chez les personnes pr\u00e9sentant un handicap"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\">\n<p><b>R\u00e9dactrice originale<\/b> &#8211; Clara Hildt<\/p>\n<p><b>Principaux collaborateurs <\/b> &#8211; <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\" href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\"><bdi>Ewa Jaraczewska <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Tarina van der Stockt\" href=\"\/User:Tarina_van_der_Stockt\"><bdi>Tarina van der Stockt <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\" href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"Utilisateur:Rachael Lowe\" href=\"\/User:Rachael_Lowe\"><bdi>Rachael Lowe <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Lucinda hampton\" href=\"\/User:Lucinda_hampton\"><bdi>Lucinda Hampton <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\" href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Mariam Hashem\" href=\"\/User:Mariam_Hashem\"><bdi>Mariam Hashem <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Simisola Ajeyalemi\" href=\"\/User:Simisola_Ajeyalemi\"><bdi>Simisola Ajeyalemi <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Rucha Gadgil\" href=\"\/User:Rucha_Gadgil\"><bdi>Rucha Gadgil <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Merinda Rodseth\" href=\"\/User:Merinda_Rodseth\"><bdi>Merinda Rodseth <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Admin\" href=\"\/User:Admin\"><bdi>Admin <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Evan Thomas\" href=\"\/User:Evan_Thomas\"><bdi>Evan Thomas <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:George Prudden\" href=\"\/User:George_Prudden\"><bdi>George Prudden <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Michelle Lee\" href=\"\/User:Michelle_Lee\"><bdi>Michelle Lee<\/bdi><\/a> et <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"Utilisateur:WikiSysop\" href=\"\/User:WikiSysop\"><bdi>WikiSysop<\/bdi><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display: none;\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Disability_and_Health\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Handicap et sant\u00e9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Physical_Activity\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Definition\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">D\u00e9finition<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Methods_of_Measuring_Physical_Activity\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">M\u00e9thodes de mesure de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Individuals_with_Disability\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Personnes pr\u00e9sentant un handicap<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Benefits_of_Physical_Activity_for_Individuals_with_Disability\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les bienfaits de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique pour les personnes vivant avec un handicap <\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Barriers_to_Physical_Activity\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Obstacles \u00e0 l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Physical_Activity_for_Persons_Living_with_Disability_in_Low-Income_Countries\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique pour les personnes vivant avec un handicap dans les pays \u00e0 faible revenu<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Health_Care_Provider\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Le prestataire de soins de sant\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Guideline\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Lignes directrices<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Interaction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Interaction <\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Promoting_Physical_Activity\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Promouvoir l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#Exercises\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Exercices<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#Inclusive_Fitness_Trainer\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">L&rsquo;entra\u00eeneur physique inclusif<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#Campaign:_How_I_Walk\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Campagne &#8211; Comment je marche<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#Special_Olympics_and_Paralympics\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Jeux olympiques sp\u00e9ciaux et paralympiques<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Sport_Organisations\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9.5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Organisations sportives<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#Promoting_Physical_Activity_in_Low-Income_Countries\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">10<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Promouvoir l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique dans les pays \u00e0 faible revenu<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-20\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">11<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Introduction\" class=\"mw-headline\">Introduction<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Il y a 1,2 milliard de personnes vivant avec un <a title=\"Disability, Rehabilitation, Socioeconomics and Health\" href=\"\/Disability,_Rehabilitation,_Socioeconomics_and_Health\">handicap<\/a> dans le monde. Elles repr\u00e9sentent 15 % de la population mondiale et 80 % des personnes avec un handicap r\u00e9sident dans des pays \u00e0 faible revenu. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, 20 % de la population pr\u00e9sente un handicap, soit 56 millions d\u2019adultes. <sup id=\"cite_ref-NCHPAD.2C_2015_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NCHPAD.2C_2015-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> En Australie, une personne sur six vit avec un handicap. Le handicap profond ou grave, qui signifie que la personne est incapable d\u2019accomplir ses <a title=\"AVQ\" href=\"\/ADLs\">activit\u00e9s de vie quotidienne<\/a> sans assistance, touche une personne sur trois. <sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> La Banque mondiale estime qu\u2019un cinqui\u00e8me de la population mondiale souffre d\u2019un handicap important.<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> La publication de l\u2019annuaire 2016 sur les droits des personnes handicap\u00e9es en Afrique indique qu\u2019en Afrique, les nourrissons de sexe f\u00e9minin pr\u00e9sentant un handicap sont plus susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre tu\u00e9s \u00e0 la naissance.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Il existe de nombreux types de handicaps affectant les mouvements, la vision, l&rsquo;audition, la pens\u00e9e, la m\u00e9moire, l&rsquo;apprentissage, la communication, la sant\u00e9 mentale et les relations sociales.<sup id=\"cite_ref-p3_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-p3-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Disability_and_Health\" class=\"mw-headline\">Handicap et sant\u00e9 <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Disability and Health\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Disability and Health\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Le comportement s\u00e9dentaire, souvent associ\u00e9 au handicap, entra\u00eene un d\u00e9conditionnement et des risques pour la sant\u00e9. Le probl\u00e8me est si sp\u00e9cifique qu&rsquo;il est d\u00e9crit comme le syndrome de d\u00e9conditionnement \u00e0 faible d\u00e9pense \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un handicap.<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Les personnes pr\u00e9sentant un handicap sont 57 % plus susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre <a title=\"Ob\u00e9sit\u00e9\" href=\"\/Obesity\">ob\u00e8ses <\/a> que les adultes sans handicap. <sup id=\"cite_ref-p2_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-p2-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup> L\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 est un facteur de risque important pour les adultes pr\u00e9sentant un handicap, qui ont 33 % de chances en plus de souffrir d\u2019une maladie chronique, telle qu\u2019une maladie cardiaque, un <a title=\"le diab\u00e8te;\" href=\"\/Diabetes\">diab\u00e8te<\/a>, un <a title=\"Accident vasculaire c\u00e9r\u00e9bral\" href=\"\/Stroke\">accident vasculaire c\u00e9r\u00e9bral<\/a> ou un <a title=\"Cancer Rehabilitation and the Importance of Balance Training\" href=\"\/Cancer_Rehabilitation_and_the_Importance_of_Balance_Training\">cancer<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-p4_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-p4-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019impact de ces maladies chroniques peut \u00eatre r\u00e9duit par l\u2019activit\u00e9 physique a\u00e9robique, mais les adultes pr\u00e9sentant un handicap ne pratiquent une activit\u00e9 physique r\u00e9guli\u00e8re que deux fois moins souvent que les adultes sans handicap (12 % contre 22 %). <sup id=\"cite_ref-p2_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-p2-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div class=\"floatnone\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Aerobic_activity_by_disability_type.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/76\/Aerobic_activity_by_disability_type.jpeg\/400px-Aerobic_activity_by_disability_type.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/76\/Aerobic_activity_by_disability_type.jpeg\/600px-Aerobic_activity_by_disability_type.jpeg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/76\/Aerobic_activity_by_disability_type.jpeg\/799px-Aerobic_activity_by_disability_type.jpeg 2x\" alt=\"Aerobic activity by disability type.jpeg\" width=\"400\" height=\"579\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Physical_Activity\" class=\"mw-headline\">L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Physical Activity\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Physical Activity\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Definition\" class=\"mw-headline\">D\u00e9finition<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Definition\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Definition\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L\u2019<a title=\"Physical Activity\" href=\"\/Physical_Activity\">activit\u00e9 physique<\/a> est d\u00e9finie comme tout mouvement corporel produit par les muscles squelettiques et n\u00e9cessitant une d\u00e9pense d\u2019\u00e9nergie.<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup> Sont donc incluses dans cette description, les activit\u00e9s entreprises dans le cadre du travail, des loisirs, des voyages, des t\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res et des pratiques r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives. L\u2019OMS recommande aux adultes de pratiquer au moins 150 \u00e0 300 minutes d\u2019activit\u00e9 physique <a title=\"Aerobic Exercise\" href=\"\/Aerobic_Exercise\">a\u00e9robique <\/a> d\u2019intensit\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e par semaine ou au moins 75 \u00e0 150 minutes d\u2019activit\u00e9 physique a\u00e9robique d\u2019intensit\u00e9 vigoureuse par semaine, ou encore, une combinaison \u00e9quivalente d\u2019activit\u00e9 d\u2019intensit\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e et vigoureuse par semaine.<sup id=\"cite_ref-WHO.2C_2017_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WHO.2C_2017-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup> Cependant, environ 25 % de la population mondiale reste insuffisamment active, et ce chiffre est deux fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 dans les pays \u00e0 niveau de revenu \u00e9lev\u00e9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-WHO.2C_2017_11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WHO.2C_2017-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup> Par rapport aux personnes qui r\u00e9pondent aux crit\u00e8res d\u2019activit\u00e9, les personnes qui ne sont pas suffisamment actives physiquement ont un risque accru de 20 \u00e0 30 % de mortalit\u00e9 toutes causes confondues.<sup id=\"cite_ref-WHO.2C_2017a_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WHO.2C_2017a-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kkPCPA5oUSg?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Methods_of_Measuring_Physical_Activity\" class=\"mw-headline\">M\u00e9thodes de mesure de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Methods of Measuring Physical Activity\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Methods of Measuring Physical Activity\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Le niveau d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique peut \u00eatre mesur\u00e9 en \u00e9quivalent m\u00e9tabolique de la t\u00e2che (EMT), qui est d\u00e9fini comme un multiple du taux m\u00e9tabolique au repos. Lorsque l&rsquo;on consid\u00e8re les caract\u00e9ristiques individuelles, le seuil d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 est bas\u00e9 sur des intensit\u00e9s relatives. Sans tenir compte des capacit\u00e9s de la personne, les intensit\u00e9s absolues deviennent le seuil de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup> Un score EMT de 1 d\u00e9finit le niveau d\u2019\u00e9nergie utilis\u00e9 par la personne au repos. Lorsque les recommandations en mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique utilisent des intensit\u00e9s absolues comme point de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, on consid\u00e8re qu&rsquo;une activit\u00e9 est l\u00e9g\u00e8re lorsque l&rsquo;EMT est inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 3, tandis qu&rsquo;un EMT compris entre 3,0 et 5,9 sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme une activit\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e. Lorsque l&rsquo;EMT est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 6, l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme vigoureuse.<\/p>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div class=\"thumb tnone\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 302px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:METWalkJogRun.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a6\/METWalkJogRun.jpg\/300px-METWalkJogRun.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a6\/METWalkJogRun.jpg\/450px-METWalkJogRun.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a6\/METWalkJogRun.jpg\/600px-METWalkJogRun.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Exemple de niveaux d&rsquo;EMT<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Un autre outil permettant de mesurer le niveau d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique est l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de l&rsquo;effort per\u00e7u <a title=\"Borg Rating Of Perceived Exertion\" href=\"\/Borg_Rating_Of_Perceived_Exertion\">(EEP)<\/a> de Borg. Il est bas\u00e9 sur une \u00e9chelle subjective de 6 \u00e0 20 et offre une bonne estimation de la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque au cours d&rsquo;une activit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div class=\"floatnone\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Original-and-modified-Borg-scales.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Original-and-modified-Borg-scales.png\/300px-Original-and-modified-Borg-scales.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Original-and-modified-Borg-scales.png\/450px-Original-and-modified-Borg-scales.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/2\/20\/Original-and-modified-Borg-scales.png 2x\" alt=\"Original-and-modified-Borg-scales.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"301\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>D\u2019autres m\u00e9thodes de mesure de l\u2019activit\u00e9 physique existent : <sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Questionnaires d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation<\/li>\n<li>Journal d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s avec auto-\u00e9valuation<\/li>\n<li>Observation directe<\/li>\n<li>Dispositifs : acc\u00e9l\u00e9rom\u00e8tres, podom\u00e8tres, moniteurs de fr\u00e9quence cardiaque, Sant\u00e9 et technologie portable (montres intelligentes).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Individuals_with_Disability\" class=\"mw-headline\">Personnes pr\u00e9sentant un handicap <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Individuals with Disability\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Individuals with Disability\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Le handicap ne d\u00e9finit pas la personne. Par cons\u00e9quent, lorsque l&rsquo;on parle de personnes pr\u00e9sentant un handicap ou que l&rsquo;on travaille avec elles, il est essentiel de placer la personne au premier plan. Un langage positif encourage les gens et c\u2019est pourquoi il faut toujours utiliser un langage inclusif. <sup id=\"cite_ref-gov.uk.2C_2014_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-gov.uk.2C_2014-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-NCHPAD.2C_2017_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NCHPAD.2C_2017-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Un handicap est une affection du corps ou de l\u2019esprit (d\u00e9ficience) qui rend plus difficile pour la personne qui en est atteinte l\u2019accomplissement de certaines activit\u00e9s (limitation d\u2019activit\u00e9) et l\u2019interaction avec le monde qui l\u2019entoure (restrictions de participation) \u00bb.<sup id=\"cite_ref-CDC.2C_2015_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CDC.2C_2015-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Dans le mod\u00e8le m\u00e9dical du handicap, la condition est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une difficult\u00e9 m\u00e9dicale et biologique. L&rsquo;accent est mis sur la correction du mal-\u00eatre plut\u00f4t que sur la pr\u00e9vention du mal-\u00eatre et la promotion du bien-\u00eatre. Au contraire, dans le mod\u00e8le social, le handicap est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une diff\u00e9rence et n&rsquo;est pas jug\u00e9. Ce mod\u00e8le met l\u2019accent sur les obstacles tels que les facteurs structurels ou les comportements discriminatoires qui emp\u00eachent l\u2019activit\u00e9 physique. Les mod\u00e8les m\u00e9dicaux et sociaux sont critiqu\u00e9s pour avoir mis en \u00e9vidence des points de vue extr\u00eames.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Martin.2C_2013_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Martin.2C_2013-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup> Cela a conduit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration du mod\u00e8le socio-relationnel, qui sugg\u00e8re que les d\u00e9ficiences et les barri\u00e8res sociales et environnementales peuvent toutes deux agir simultan\u00e9ment.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Thomas.2C_2004_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Thomas.2C_2004-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ng6mT_EJy2Q?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Benefits_of_Physical_Activity_for_Individuals_with_Disability\" class=\"mw-headline\">Les bienfaits de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique pour les personnes vivant avec un handicap <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Benefits of Physical Activity for Individuals with Disability\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Benefits of Physical Activity for Individuals with Disability\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique est essentielle \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 de vie et \u00e0 la promotion de la sant\u00e9 publique. <sup id=\"cite_ref-Martin.2C_2013_19-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Martin.2C_2013-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\nChez les personnes vivant avec un handicap, l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique rev\u00eat une importance accrue en raison des taux plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de <a title=\"Chronic Disease\" href=\"\/Chronic_Disease\">maladies chroniques<\/a> que l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique peut influencer. En plus de ces avantages m\u00e9taboliques, les personnes vivant avec un handicap peuvent profiter de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Avantages pour la sant\u00e9 :\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;importance de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique est amplifi\u00e9e dans les cas de difficult\u00e9s cognitives, \u00e9motionnelles et sociales.<\/li>\n<li>Des avantages psychologiques tels qu&rsquo;une meilleure perception de soi gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des exp\u00e9riences d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique r\u00e9ussies.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique peut r\u00e9duire le stress, la douleur et la d\u00e9pression. Les activit\u00e9s de la vie quotidienne sont per\u00e7ues comme plus faciles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Avantages au niveau du contact social :\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique peut r\u00e9duire le processus de stigmatisation et les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes n\u00e9gatifs.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique peut contribuer \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer le statut social : les personnes sans handicap voient une personne pr\u00e9sentant un handicap physiquement active plus favorablement que si elle est non active.<\/li>\n<li>Avantages sociaux : la nature de nombreuses activit\u00e9s sportives favorise l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration sociale, la cr\u00e9ation de liens et l&rsquo;amiti\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Avantages au niveau plaisir :\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique a des effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques sur l&rsquo;humeur.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;interaction sociale avec le personnel du centre de remise en forme et les autres participants prodigue du plaisir au participant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/w2-LSUF7-TU?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Barriers_to_Physical_Activity\" class=\"mw-headline\">Obstacles \u00e0 l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Barriers to Physical Activity\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Barriers to Physical Activity\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 les avantages pour la sant\u00e9, le contexte social et le plaisir, il existe, en fonction de l\u2019\u00e2ge et du type de handicap, des obstacles \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 physique au niveau individuel, social, environnemental et politique<sup id=\"cite_ref-Jaarsma_et_al..2C_2014_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Jaarsma_et_al..2C_2014-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<p><b>Individuel :<\/b> manque de connaissances sur les endroits o\u00f9 faire de l&rsquo;exercice ; manque de connaissances\/informations accessibles sur l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique : quels sont les avantages de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique<sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup>, sur la quantit\u00e9 d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 \u00e0 pratiquer et sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique ; peur de tomber ; la nature de la d\u00e9ficience provoque des douleurs pendant l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 ; manque d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, manque de motivation, honte de pr\u00e9senter un handicap<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup>; pr\u00e9occupations personnelles concernant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ; appr\u00e9hension d&rsquo;attirer une attention non d\u00e9sir\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p><b>Social :<\/b> d\u00e9pendance des enfants pr\u00e9sentant un handicap \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard des parents ; surprotection des autres (proches aidants, conjoints, famille) ; les professeurs d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation physique manquent de pr\u00e9paration professionnelle ou d&rsquo;\u00e9quipement pour travailler avec des \u00e9tudiants pr\u00e9sentant un handicap; les m\u00e9decins fournissent des excuses m\u00e9dicales aux \u00e9tudiants pr\u00e9sentant un handicap pour qu&rsquo;ils ne participent pas aux cours d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation physique ; les enfants pr\u00e9sentant un handicap peuvent ne pas avoir d&rsquo;amis avec qui jouer ; des sports inappropri\u00e9s sont propos\u00e9s sans orientation appropri\u00e9e ; co\u00fbt ; soutien social limit\u00e9 ; attitudes soci\u00e9tales n\u00e9gatives \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard du handicap de la part d&rsquo;autres personnes (par exemple, les clients et le personnel des centres de loisir).<\/p>\n<p><b>Environnement : <\/b>accessibilit\u00e9 (portes de gymnase trop \u00e9troites pour l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s des fauteuils roulants et salles de bains ou vestiaires inaccessibles) ; obstacles dans les espaces ext\u00e9rieurs (par exemple, chemins de promenade mal \u00e9clair\u00e9s ou bois\u00e9s, feux de circulation d\u00e9pourvus de signaux sonores) ;<sup id=\"cite_ref-Martin.2C_2013_19-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Martin.2C_2013-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup> transport inad\u00e9quat ; \u00e9quipement inadapt\u00e9 (par exemple, pas de chaise de piscine ou de v\u00e9lo \u00e0 bras) ;<sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup> le mauvais temps.<\/p>\n<p><b>Politique et programme<\/b>: comprend les obstacles tels que l&rsquo;inaccessibilit\u00e9, les programmes inadapt\u00e9s ou l&rsquo;absence de programmes sp\u00e9cifiques pour les personnes en situation de handicap ou atteintes de l\u00e9sions m\u00e9dullaires. Le manque de personnel ou de b\u00e9n\u00e9voles form\u00e9s ainsi que le manque de conseils de la part du personnel sur la mani\u00e8re de s&rsquo;exercer ou de s&rsquo;adapter. Le manque d&rsquo;\u00e9quipement appropri\u00e9 peut \u00e9galement entrer dans cette cat\u00e9gorie. L&rsquo;obstacle \u00ab\u00a0programme et politique\u00a0\u00bb est l&rsquo;obstacle le moins signal\u00e9, mais il n&rsquo;en demeure pas moins important. <sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CfcZgprOnIk?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Physical_Activity_for_Persons_Living_with_Disability_in_Low-Income_Countries\" class=\"mw-headline\">L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique pour les personnes vivant avec un handicap dans les pays \u00e0 faible revenu <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Physical Activity for Persons Living with Disability in Low-Income Countries\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Physical Activity for Persons Living with Disability in Low-Income Countries\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La majorit\u00e9 des recherches men\u00e9es sur l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique des personnes pr\u00e9sentant un handicap se concentre sur la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es proviennent de pays \u00e0 revenu \u00e9lev\u00e9. L&rsquo;objectif futur doit inclure l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration de la collecte de donn\u00e9es dans les pays \u00e0 faible revenu et \u00e0 revenu interm\u00e9diaire.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_28-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup> D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s les estimations du Global Burden of Disease, la d\u00e9ficience visuelle est un facteur d\u00e9cisif pour pr\u00e9dire le nombre d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es v\u00e9cues en situation d&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 dans les pays \u00e0 revenu faible ou interm\u00e9diaire. Une \u00e9tude men\u00e9e par le 10\/66 Dementia Research Group entre 2003 et 2005 dans sept pays \u00e0 revenu faible ou interm\u00e9diaire, dont la Chine, l&rsquo;Inde, Cuba, la R\u00e9publique dominicaine, le Venezuela, le Mexique et le P\u00e9rou, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la d\u00e9mence \u00e9tait la premi\u00e8re cause d&rsquo;invalidit\u00e9, suivie par les accidents vasculaires c\u00e9r\u00e9braux, les d\u00e9ficiences des membres, l&rsquo;arthrite, la d\u00e9pression, les probl\u00e8mes de vue et les d\u00e9ficiences gastro-intestinales.<sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup> La revue syst\u00e9matique des \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es dans les pays \u00e0 revenu faible ou interm\u00e9diaire a confirm\u00e9 l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;un lien direct entre la pauvret\u00e9 et le handicap.<sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La participation \u00e0 l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique des personnes en situation de handicap vivant dans des pays \u00e0 faible revenu n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 bien \u00e9tudi\u00e9e et les donn\u00e9es sont tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9es.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_28-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup> D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s les \u00e9tudes exhaustives men\u00e9es dans 46 pays \u00e0 revenu faible ou interm\u00e9diaire, les personnes souffrant de maladies physiques chroniques et \u00e2g\u00e9es de plus de 50 ans \u00e9taient moins susceptibles de respecter les recommandations en mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique que les adultes ne souffrant pas de ces maladies.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup> Les sympt\u00f4mes associ\u00e9s aux maladies chroniques, tels que la d\u00e9pression, la douleur et les difficult\u00e9s de mobilit\u00e9, se sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9s \u00eatre des obstacles \u00e0 une vie active.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_31-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Health_Care_Provider\" class=\"mw-headline\">Les prestataire de soins de sant\u00e9 <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Health Care Provider\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Health Care Provider\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Guideline\" class=\"mw-headline\">Lignes directrices<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Guideline\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Guideline\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Il est essentiel que les physioth\u00e9rapeutes et les autres professionnels de la sant\u00e9 connaissent les directives g\u00e9n\u00e9rales en mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique, car elles s&rsquo;appliquent \u00e9galement aux personnes vivant avec un handicap. Les adultes vivant avec un handicap sont plus enclins \u00e0 pratiquer une activit\u00e9 physique si celle-ci est recommand\u00e9e par les m\u00e9decins. Ainsi, s&rsquo;ils recevaient une recommandation en mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique, ils \u00e9taient 82 % plus susceptibles d&rsquo;\u00eatre physiquement actifs que ceux qui n&rsquo;avaient pas re\u00e7u cette recommandation <sup id=\"cite_ref-CDC.2C_2014_32-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CDC.2C_2014-32\">(32)<\/a><\/sup>. Les physioth\u00e9rapeutes et autres professionnels de la sant\u00e9 peuvent suivre les cinq \u00e9tapes illustr\u00e9es dans le graphique ci-dessous pour augmenter l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique chez les personnes en situation de handicap :<\/p>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div class=\"floatnone\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Infographic_970px.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/fe\/Infographic_970px.jpg\/500px-Infographic_970px.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/fe\/Infographic_970px.jpg\/750px-Infographic_970px.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/f\/fe\/Infographic_970px.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Infographic 970px.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"647\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Interaction\" class=\"mw-headline\">Interaction<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Interaction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Interaction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Points g\u00e9n\u00e9raux dont vous pouvez tenir compte lors de vos interactions avec des personnes pr\u00e9sentant un handicap :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poser des questions si vous n&rsquo;\u00eates pas certain de ce qu&rsquo;il faut faire lorsque vous interagissez avec votre patient<\/li>\n<li>S&rsquo;adresser directement au patient au lieu de s&rsquo;adresser \u00e0 un accompagnateur ou \u00e0 un interpr\u00e8te lorsque pr\u00e9sent<\/li>\n<li>Respecter les appareils d&rsquo;assistance de vos patients, tels que les b\u00e9quilles ou les fauteuils roulants, comme des biens personnels qui ne doivent normalement pas \u00eatre d\u00e9plac\u00e9s sans autorisation<\/li>\n<li>Tenir compte du temps suppl\u00e9mentaire n\u00e9cessaire au transfert ou \u00e0 la pr\u00e9paration de votre patient<\/li>\n<li>Ne jamais supposer que votre patient a besoin de votre aide Proposer votre aide et attendre une r\u00e9ponse et des instructions pr\u00e9cises<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9viter de faire des suppositions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, essayer plut\u00f4t de conna\u00eetre les besoins, les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences et les capacit\u00e9s de votre patient<sup id=\"cite_ref-NCHPAD.2C_2017_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NCHPAD.2C_2017-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Ne pas pencher, toucher ou ajuster le fauteuil roulant d&rsquo;une personne sans sa permission, celui-ci doit \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une extension de son corps<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Promoting_Physical_Activity\" class=\"mw-headline\">Promouvoir l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Promoting Physical Activity\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Promoting Physical Activity\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Exercises\" class=\"mw-headline\">Exercices<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Exercises\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Exercises\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trouvez <u><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nchpad.org\/Articles\/7\/Disability~Condition\" rel=\"nofollow\">ici<\/a><\/u> des fiches d&rsquo;information d\u00e9crivant divers handicaps et probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9, ainsi que les activit\u00e9s physiques, les exercices et les consid\u00e9rations et recommandations en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale associ\u00e9s \u00e0 chaque probl\u00e8me.<\/p>\n<p>Vous trouverez <u><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.thearc.org\/2014\/04\/18\/healthmeet-top-5-exercises-people-intellectual-developmental-disabilities\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">ici<\/a><\/u> 5 exercices g\u00e9n\u00e9raux faciles pour les personnes atteintes de d\u00e9ficiences intellectuelles et de troubles du d\u00e9veloppement (en anglais).<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Inclusive_Fitness_Trainer\" class=\"mw-headline\">L&rsquo;entra\u00eeneur physique inclusif <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Inclusive Fitness Trainer\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Inclusive Fitness Trainer\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, un entra\u00eeneur physique inclusif (certifi\u00e9 par l&rsquo;American College of Sports Medicine et le National Center on Health, Physical Activity and Disability), est un professionnel de la condition physique qui est particuli\u00e8rement qualifi\u00e9 pour travailler avec des personnes pr\u00e9sentant un risque pour leur sant\u00e9 et\/ou des handicaps physiques. Ils comprennent la politique actuelle de la loi anti-discrimination et cr\u00e9ent des programmes d&rsquo;exercices adapt\u00e9s qui favorisent un entra\u00eenement s\u00e9curitaire et efficace. Le but est de permettre aux personnes vivant avec un handicap d&rsquo;atteindre leurs objectifs de remise en forme.<sup id=\"cite_ref-ACSM.2C_2015_33-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ACSM.2C_2015-33\">(33)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Campaign:_How_I_Walk\" class=\"mw-headline\">Campagne &#8211; Comment je marche <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Campaign: How I Walk\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Campaign: How I Walk\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>How I Walk est un mouvement visant \u00e0 redonner une nouvelle image au mot \u00ab\u00a0marche\u00a0\u00bb en remettant en question les perspectives individuelles et soci\u00e9tales.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NCHPAD.2C_2015_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NCHPAD.2C_2015-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un appel \u00e0 l&rsquo;action pour promouvoir la marche et les communaut\u00e9s pi\u00e9tonnes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NCHPAD.2C_2015_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NCHPAD.2C_2015-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Special_Olympics_and_Paralympics\" class=\"mw-headline\">Jeux olympiques sp\u00e9ciaux et paralympiques <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Special Olympics and Paralympics\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Special Olympics and Paralympics\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.specialolympics.org\/?_ga=2.243353989.162139132.1636942248-1998362862.1636942248\" rel=\"nofollow\">Les Jeux olympiques sp\u00e9ciaux<\/a> sont la plus grande organisation sportive au monde pour les personnes pr\u00e9sentant un handicap intellectuel. Il existe des programmes dans 169 pays, avec plus de 4,7 millions d&rsquo;athl\u00e8tes et plus d&rsquo;un million de b\u00e9n\u00e9voles. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la joie du sport, ils visent \u00e0 transformer des vies et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un nouveau monde d&rsquo;inclusion. <sup id=\"cite_ref-Special_Olympics.2C_2017_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Special_Olympics.2C_2017-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Les <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.paralympic.org\" rel=\"nofollow\">Jeux paralympiques<\/a> sont l&rsquo;un des plus grands \u00e9v\u00e9nements sportifs internationaux. Les premiers Jeux paralympiques officiels ont eu lieu en 1960, avec la participation de 23 pays. 162 nations \u00e9taient repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es aux Jeux paralympiques d&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 de 2020.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Sport_Organisations\" class=\"mw-headline\">Organisations sportives <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Sport Organisations\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Sport Organisations\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iwasf.com\/iwasf\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">International Wheelchair &amp; Amputee Sports Federation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.paralympic.org\/the-ipc\" rel=\"nofollow\">International Paralympic Committee<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.englandathletics.org\/disability-athletics\/disability-sports-organisations\" rel=\"nofollow\">National Disability Sport Organisations in the UK<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Promoting_Physical_Activity_in_Low-Income_Countries\" class=\"mw-headline\">Promouvoir l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique dans les pays \u00e0 faible revenu <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Promoting Physical Activity in Low-Income Countries\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Promoting Physical Activity in Low-Income Countries\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les campagnes de promotion de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique dans les pays \u00e0 faible revenu doivent inclure les \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Facteurs li\u00e9s au mode de vie<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9sultats en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 physique<\/li>\n<li>Restrictions \u00e9conomiques<\/li>\n<li>Interventions primaires et secondaires durables<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_31-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les strat\u00e9gies propos\u00e9es sont les suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c9ducation sur l&rsquo;importance de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique<\/li>\n<li>Formation du personnel m\u00e9dical \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des niveaux d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique<\/li>\n<li>Utilisation de principes cognitivo-comportementaux, tels que la fixation d&rsquo;objectifs et la r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes, pour discuter de l&rsquo;importance de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;un groupe diversifi\u00e9 de praticiens : formateurs, chercheurs et cliniciens comportementaux<\/li>\n<li>Approche progressive des soins commen\u00e7ant par l&rsquo;autogestion. En cas d&rsquo;\u00e9chec de cette approche, poursuivre avec une approche manuelle supervis\u00e9e men\u00e9e par un travailleur non sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9, suivie d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s avec un superviseur sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 si la douleur ou les probl\u00e8mes de mobilit\u00e9 emp\u00eachent la r\u00e9alisation des activit\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>Essais sur l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des interventions en mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s physiques<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9alisation d&rsquo;une analyse co\u00fbts-avantages afin de quantifier les implications financi\u00e8res et de choisir les ressources de mani\u00e8re appropri\u00e9e, suivie d&rsquo;une recherche au niveau politique<\/li>\n<li>Engagement des pouvoirs publics \u00e0 sensibiliser le public \u00e0 l&rsquo;importance de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique<\/li>\n<li>Engagement des pouvoirs publics dans la mise en place d&rsquo;un environnement propice \u00e0 l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_31-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Physical_Activity_in_Individuals_with_Disabilities&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-0\">1.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_1-1\">1.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Facts &amp; Figures: Disabilities in developing countries. SciDevNet 2019. Available at: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/features\/facts-figures-disabilities-in-developing-countries\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/features\/facts-figures-disabilities-in-developing-countries\/<\/a>. Accessed 15.11.2021<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-NCHPAD.2C_2015-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-NCHPAD.2C_2015_2-0\">2.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-NCHPAD.2C_2015_2-1\">2.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-NCHPAD.2C_2015_2-2\">2.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">NCHPAD. How I Walk. About How I Walk. 2015 (cited 21\/02\/2017). Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nchpad.org\/howiwalk\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/www.nchpad.org\/howiwalk\/<\/a> <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. People with disabilities in Australia. Available at: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/disability\/people-with-disability-in-australia\/contents\/people-with-disability\/prevalence-of-disability\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/disability\/people-with-disability-in-australia\/contents\/people-with-disability\/prevalence-of-disability<\/a>. Accessed 14.11.2021<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">The World Bank. Disability Inclusion. Available at: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/disability\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/disability<\/a>. Accessed 14.11.2021<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-p3-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-p3_5-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Disability Overview. 2015 (cited 22\/02\/2017). Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/disabilityandhealth\/disability.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/disabilityandhealth\/disability.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Rimmer JH, Schiller W, Chen MD. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/acsm-essr\/Fulltext\/2012\/01000\/Effects_of_Disability_Associated_Low_Energy.5.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow\">Effects of disability-associated low energy expenditure deconditioning syndrome<\/a>. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2012 Jan;40(1):22-9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-p2-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-p2_7-0\">7.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-p2_7-1\">7.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">US Department of Health and Human Services. I can do it you can do it. 2017 (cited 22\/02\/2017). Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fitness.gov\/participate-in-programs\/i-can-do-it-you-can-do-it\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.fitness.gov\/participate-in-programs\/i-can-do-it-you-can-do-it\/<\/a> <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-p4-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-p4_8-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increasing Physical Activity among Adults with Disabilities. 2016 (cited 22\/02\/2017). Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/disabilityandhealth\/pa.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/disabilityandhealth\/pa.html<\/a> <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_9-0\">9.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_9-1\">9.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">de Hollander EL, Proper KI.<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/reader.elsevier.com\/reader\/sd\/pii\/S221133551830072X?token=756FBF9F509D45AB4BE2591DBBC287B8CE5D8C68502FED70E344E87741E954936A5C273C9C44851AC05316CDC61D46CE&amp;originRegion=eu-west-1&amp;originCreation=20211115003757\" rel=\"nofollow\">Physical activity levels of adults with various physical disabilities<\/a>.Preventive Medicine Reports 2018; 10:370-376<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1424733\/pdf\/pubhealthrep00100-0016.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research.<\/a> Public Health Rep. 1985 Mar-Apr;100(2):126-31.<\/span> <\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WHO.2C_2017-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WHO.2C_2017_11-0\">11.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WHO.2C_2017_11-1\">11.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">WHO. 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