{"id":5517,"date":"2023-04-04T12:50:51","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T12:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/gait-definitions-fr\/"},"modified":"2023-04-05T15:13:00","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T15:13:00","slug":"gait-definitions-fr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/gait-definitions-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9finitions de termes associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la marche"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\"><b>\u00c9ditrice originale <\/b>&#8211;  <a title=\"User:Karsten De Koster\" href=\"\/User:Karsten_De_Koster\">Karsten De Koster<\/a> <b>Principaux contributeurs<\/b>  &#8211;  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Wanda van Niekerk\" href=\"\/User:Wanda_van_Niekerk\"><bdi>Wanda van Niekerk<\/bdi><\/a>,  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Daphne Xuan\" href=\"\/User:Daphne_Xuan\"><bdi>Daphne Xuan<\/bdi><\/a>,  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Tarina van der Stockt\" href=\"\/User:Tarina_van_der_Stockt\"><bdi>Tarina van der Stockt<\/bdi><\/a>,  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\" href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a> et <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\" href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display: none;\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Gait_Definitions\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">D\u00e9finition de la marche<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Gait_Development\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Le d\u00e9veloppement du patron de marche<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Normal_Gait_or_Ideal_Gait.3F\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Un patron de marche normale ou id\u00e9al ?<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Major_Tasks_of_Gait\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les principales fonctions du patron de marche<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Important_Terminology_of_Gait\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Terminologie importante reli\u00e9e \u00e0 la marche<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Gait_cycle\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>Le cycle de marche<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Centre_of_Mass_.28COM.29\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>Le centre de masse <\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Ground_Reaction_Force\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>La force de r\u00e9action au sol<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Centre_of_Pressure\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Le centre de pression<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Gait_Observation\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Observation du patron de marche<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Gait_analysis\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>Analyse du patron de marche<\/b><\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Temporal_Variables\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les variables de temps<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#Distance_Variables\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.1.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les variables de distance<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#Other_Variables\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.1.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les autres variables<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Introduction\" class=\"mw-headline\">Introduction<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumbnail tright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Dave-goudreau-1z9ziLqz6lI-unsplash.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/cf\/Dave-goudreau-1z9ziLqz6lI-unsplash.jpg\/300px-Dave-goudreau-1z9ziLqz6lI-unsplash.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/cf\/Dave-goudreau-1z9ziLqz6lI-unsplash.jpg\/450px-Dave-goudreau-1z9ziLqz6lI-unsplash.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/cf\/Dave-goudreau-1z9ziLqz6lI-unsplash.jpg\/600px-Dave-goudreau-1z9ziLqz6lI-unsplash.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"452\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>La marche fait partie int\u00e9grante de notre locomotion quotidienne et constitue un indicateur de sant\u00e9 important. C&rsquo;est le type d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique le plus courant chez les adultes pendant leur temps libre.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0La marche humaine d\u00e9pend d&rsquo;une interaction complexe entre les principales parties des syst\u00e8mes <a title=\"Introduction to Neuroanatomy\" href=\"\/Introduction_to_Neuroanatomy\">nerveux<\/a>, musculo-squelettique et <a title=\"Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) In Adults\" href=\"\/Cardiopulmonary_Exercise_Testing_(CPET)_In_Adults\">cardio-respiratoire<\/a>.\u00a0\u00bb <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le patron de marche d&rsquo;un individu est influenc\u00e9e par l&rsquo;\u00e2ge, la personnalit\u00e9, l&rsquo;humeur et les facteurs socioculturels.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La vitesse de marche pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e des <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Older People Introduction\" href=\"\/Older_People_Introduction\">personnes<\/a> <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Older People Introduction\" href=\"\/Older_People_Introduction\">\u00e2g\u00e9es<\/a> est un marqueur sensible de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et de la survie. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Pour marcher en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9, il faut que la <a title=\"Cognitive Impairments\" href=\"\/Cognitive_Impairments\">cognition<\/a> et le contr\u00f4le ex\u00e9cutif soient intacts. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un processus biom\u00e9canique complexe d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre dynamique qui exige d&rsquo;une personne qu&rsquo;elle maintienne son centre de gravit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur de sa base de sustentation tout au long du mouvement.<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Les troubles de la marche entra\u00eenent une perte de libert\u00e9 personnelle, des <a title=\"Falls\" href=\"\/Falls\">chutes<\/a> et des blessures, ainsi qu&rsquo;une nette diminution de la <a title=\"Quality of Life\" href=\"\/Quality_of_Life\">qualit\u00e9 de vie<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Il est donc important de pouvoir mesurer et analyser le patron de marche humaine. Pour ce faire, un certain nombre de termes et de param\u00e8tres pertinents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finis.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Gait_Definitions\" class=\"mw-headline\">D\u00e9finition du patron de marche <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Gait Definitions\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Gait Definitions\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Patron de marche<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Patron de locomotion debout, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire une mani\u00e8re particuli\u00e8re de se d\u00e9placer sur ses pieds.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Gait_Development\" class=\"mw-headline\">Le d\u00e9veloppement du patron de marche <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Gait Development\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Gait Development\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Les enfants ont besoin d&rsquo;environ 11 \u00e0 15 mois pour apprendre et d\u00e9velopper leur patron de marche. <sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Ensuite, celui-ci s&rsquo;affine et se normalise pendant encore 4 \u00e0 5 ans.<\/li>\n<li>Les enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 6 \u00e0 7 ans ont un patron de marche normalis\u00e9, semblable \u00e0 celui d&rsquo;un adulte. <sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le patron de marche change au cours de la vie <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Le patron de marche reste le m\u00eame \u00e0 un \u00e2ge moyen, mais au fur et \u00e0 mesure que l&rsquo;on vieillit, il peut se d\u00e9t\u00e9riorer. Les raisons de cela peuvent \u00eatre <sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">(8) <\/a><\/sup>:\n<ul>\n<li>Une condition neuromusculaire<\/li>\n<li>Une atrophie musculaire <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Des troubles neurologiques centraux <sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Normal_Gait_or_Ideal_Gait?\"><\/span><span id=\"Normal_Gait_or_Ideal_Gait.3F\" class=\"mw-headline\">Un patron de marche normal ou id\u00e9ale ? <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Normal Gait or Ideal Gait?\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Normal Gait or Ideal Gait?\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Un patron de marche \u00ab\u00a0id\u00e9al\u00a0\u00bb doit \u00eatre \u00e0 la fois s\u00e9curitaire et efficace sur le plan \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> Par exemple <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_4-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-4\">(4) <\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le patron de marche \u00ab\u00a0id\u00e9al\u00a0\u00bb d&rsquo;une personne souffrant d&rsquo;une blessure orthop\u00e9dique ou d&rsquo;une affection neurologique peut \u00eatre tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent de l&rsquo;image du patron de marche \u00ab\u00a0id\u00e9al\u00a0\u00bb d&rsquo;un clinicien.\n<ul>\n<li>Tant que la personne se d\u00e9place de la mani\u00e8re la plus s\u00e9curitaire et la plus efficace possible, son patron de marche \u00ab\u00a0dysfonctionnel\u00a0\u00bb est en fait son patron de marche \u00ab\u00a0id\u00e9al\u00a0\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Un dispositif d&rsquo;assistance ou un appareil orthop\u00e9dique ne doit pas toujours \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une \u00ab\u00a0b\u00e9quille\u00a0\u00bb.\n<ul>\n<li>Si le dispositif ou l&rsquo;orth\u00e8se am\u00e9liore la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la confiance de l&rsquo;individu et d\u00e9charge la structure bless\u00e9e, il s&rsquo;agit alors d&rsquo;un ajout positif au patron de marche.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Major_Tasks_of_Gait\" class=\"mw-headline\">Les principales fonctions du patron de marche <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Major Tasks of Gait\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Major Tasks of Gait\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les cinq fonctions principales du patron de marche sont les suivantes <sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Maintenir le soutien de la t\u00eate, des bras et du tronc<\/li>\n<li>Maintenir une posture droite et l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre du corps<\/li>\n<li>Contr\u00f4ler la trajectoire du pied pour obtenir une garde au sol s\u00e9curitaire et un contact en douceur du talon ou des orteils.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00e9n\u00e9rer de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie m\u00e9canique pour maintenir la vitesse de marche actuelle ou l&rsquo;augmenter.<\/li>\n<li>Absorber l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie m\u00e9canique pour amortir les chocs et assurer la stabilit\u00e9 ou pour r\u00e9duire la vitesse du corps vers l&rsquo;avant.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span id=\"Important_Terminology_of_Gait\" class=\"mw-headline\">Terminologie importante reli\u00e9e \u00e0 la marche <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Important Terminology of Gait\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Important Terminology of Gait\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Gait_cycle\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Cycle de la marche <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Gait cycle\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Gait cycle\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Le <a title=\"The Gait Cycle\" href=\"\/The_Gait_Cycle\">cycle de la marche<\/a> est le temps entre le moment o\u00f9 le talon d&rsquo;un pied touche le sol et le moment o\u00f9 le m\u00eame talon touche \u00e0 nouveau le sol, ou un patron r\u00e9p\u00e9titif impliquant plusieurs pas ou cycles.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Loudon_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Loudon-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup> Le cycle de la marche est divis\u00e9 en deux phases, elles-m\u00eames divis\u00e9es en sous-phases<sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">(12) <\/a><\/sup>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><i>La phase d&rsquo;appui<\/i> (60 % du cycle de marche) &#8211; pendant laquelle une partie du pied est en contact avec le sol <sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_10-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-10\">(10) <\/a><\/sup>:\n<ul>\n<li>Contact initial (frappe du talon)<\/li>\n<li>Mise en charge (pied \u00e0 plat au sol)<\/li>\n<li>Milieu de la phase d&rsquo;appui (appui unipodal)<\/li>\n<li>Lever du talon (appui terminal)<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00e9-oscillation (d\u00e9collement des orteils)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><i>Phase d&rsquo;oscillation<\/i> (40 % du cycle de marche) &#8211; pendant laquelle le pied n&rsquo;est pas en contact avec le sol. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_10-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-10\">(10) <\/a><\/sup>:\n<ul>\n<li>Oscillation initiale (acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration)<\/li>\n<li>Oscillation moyenne<\/li>\n<li>Oscillation terminale (d\u00e9c\u00e9l\u00e9ration)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div class=\"floatnone\"><a class=\"image\" title=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Walk_cycle.jpg\" href=\"\/File:Gait_cycle.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/17\/Gait_cycle.jpg\/800px-Gait_cycle.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/17\/Gait_cycle.jpg\/1200px-Gait_cycle.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/17\/Gait_cycle.jpg\/1600px-Gait_cycle.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"177\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>En savoir plus : <a title=\"The Gait Cycle\" href=\"\/The_Gait_Cycle\">Cycle de marche<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Centre_of_Mass_(COM)\"><\/span><span id=\"Centre_of_Mass_.28COM.29\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Le centre de masse <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Centre of Mass (COM)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Centre of Mass (COM)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Le point o\u00f9 la masse du corps est centr\u00e9e <sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement 5 cm en avant de S2 chez l&rsquo;adulte<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9galement appel\u00e9 le <a title=\"Centre of Gravity\" href=\"\/Centre_of_Gravity\">centre de gravit\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Le <a title=\"Centre of Gravity\" href=\"\/Centre_of_Gravity\">centre de masse<\/a> n&rsquo;est pas un point fixe et change sela la position adopt\u00e9e telle que assise, debout ou \u00e0 genoux <sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_13-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le d\u00e9placement du centre de masse\n<ul>\n<li>Il est difficile de suivre et d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer le mouvement autour du S2 Une autre fa\u00e7on d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer le d\u00e9placement du centre de masse d&rsquo;un corps est d&rsquo;observer la t\u00eate. Elle nous permet d&rsquo;obtenir une repr\u00e9sentation verticale du mouvement du centre de masse <sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c0 la marche, le point le plus bas du centre de masse se situe au niveau de l&rsquo;appui bipodal<\/li>\n<li>Le point le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 se situe au milieu des phases d&rsquo;appui \/ oscillation<\/li>\n<li>La variation verticale du centre de masse sera d&rsquo;environ 5 cm<\/li>\n<li>Elle est difficile \u00e0 mesurer, donc, on recherchera plut\u00f4t un d\u00e9placement vertical excessif <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_4-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La t\u00eate d&rsquo;un individu s&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve au milieu de la phase d&rsquo;appui (appui unipodal) et s&rsquo;abaisse pendant les p\u00e9riodes de mise en charge et de retrait de la mise en charge <sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_10-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Le centre de masse se d\u00e9place \u00e9galement d&rsquo;un c\u00f4t\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre pendant la marche <sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Le d\u00e9placement maximal vers la droite se produit au milieu de la phase d&rsquo;appui droite<\/li>\n<li>Le d\u00e9placement maximal vers la gauche se produit au milieu de la phase d&rsquo;appui gauche<\/li>\n<li>Le d\u00e9placement lat\u00e9ral du centre de masse sera d&rsquo;environ 4 cm<\/li>\n<li>Il est difficile \u00e0 mesurer, donc, il faut plut\u00f4t observer si la personne marche avec une base de sustentation large ou \u00e9troite <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_4-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Ground_Reaction_Force\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Les forces de r\u00e9action au sol <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Ground Reaction Force\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Ground Reaction Force\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Forces appliqu\u00e9es au pied par le sol, lorsque le pied est en contact avec le sol <sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Elles g\u00e9n\u00e8rent un couple externe\n<ul>\n<li>Couple externe\n<ul>\n<li>Couple agissant sur le corps<\/li>\n<li>Lorsqu&rsquo;un couple externe passe \u00e0 une certaine distance de l&rsquo;axe d&rsquo;une articulation, il y a rotation du segment de corps superpos\u00e9 autour de cet axe <sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;amplitude de ce mouvement augmente avec la distance entre la force de r\u00e9action du sol et l&rsquo;axe de l&rsquo;articulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Couple interne\n<ul>\n<li>Contractions musculaires pour contrebalancer le couple externe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>La force de r\u00e9action au sol ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l&rsquo;axe de l&rsquo;articulation\n<ul>\n<li>Provoque un mouvement ant\u00e9rieur du segment proximal<\/li>\n<li>Moment de flexion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>La force de r\u00e9action au sol post\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l&rsquo;axe de l&rsquo;articulation\n<ul>\n<li>Provoque un mouvement post\u00e9rieur du segment proximal<\/li>\n<li>Moment d&rsquo;extension<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>En savoir plus : <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/Gait_Deviations_Associated_with_Lower_Leg_and_Foot_Pain_Syndromes?utm_source=physiopedia&amp;utm_medium=search&amp;utm_campaign=ongoing_internal#Ground_Reaction_Forces\" rel=\"nofollow\">Forces de r\u00e9action au sol<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Veuillez visionner cette vid\u00e9o qui donne un aper\u00e7u d\u00e9taill\u00e9 des forces de r\u00e9action au sol pendant la marche.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Y2RHvicAM2o?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Centre_of_Pressure\" class=\"mw-headline\">Le centre de pression <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Centre of Pressure\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Centre of Pressure\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Point unique sur le pied o\u00f9 s&rsquo;exerce la pression de surface <sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>C&rsquo;est le point de d\u00e9part des forces de r\u00e9action au sol<\/li>\n<li>Ce patron pieds nus est diff\u00e9rent du patron avec chaussures.<\/li>\n<li>Les diff\u00e9rents patrons <sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_19-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-19\">(19) <\/a><\/sup>:\n<ul>\n<li>Bord post\u00e9ro-lat\u00e9ral du talon (au d\u00e9but de la phase d&rsquo;appui)<\/li>\n<li>Se d\u00e9place de fa\u00e7on lin\u00e9aire dans la zone m\u00e9diane du pied (lat\u00e9ralement par rapport \u00e0 la ligne m\u00e9diane).<\/li>\n<li>Se d\u00e9place m\u00e9dialement sur la plante du pied avec une concentration importante le long de la cassure m\u00e9tatarsienne.<\/li>\n<li>Le centre de pression se d\u00e9place vers le deuxi\u00e8me et le premier orteil lors de la phase d&rsquo;appui terminal.<\/li>\n<li class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Gait_Observation\" class=\"mw-headline\">Observation du patron de marche <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Gait Observation\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Gait Observation\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Observer la posture debout d&rsquo;une personne avant d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer son patron de marche <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_4-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>En savoir plus : <a title=\"Posture\" href=\"\/Posture\">Posture<\/a> et <a title=\"Sports Screening: Postural Assessment\" href=\"\/Sports_Screening:_Postural_Assessment\">\u00e9valuation de la posture<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Observer les chaussures d&rsquo;une personne avant d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer formellement son patron de marche <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_4-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Lire la suite : <a title=\"Shoe Analysis - Basic Anatomy of a Running Shoe\" href=\"\/Shoe_Analysis_-_Basic_Anatomy_of_a_Running_Shoe\">Analyse des chaussures<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Gait_analysis\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Analyse du patron de marche <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Gait analysis\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Gait analysis\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse de chacune des composantes des deux phases de la marche est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel du diagnostic de divers <a title=\"Neurological Disorders\" href=\"\/Neurological_Disorders\">troubles neurologiques<\/a>. Il s&rsquo;agit \u00e9galement d&rsquo;un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des progr\u00e8s du patient au cours de la r\u00e9adaptation et de la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration apr\u00e8s une maladie neurologique, une blessure musculosquelettique ou un processus pathologique, ou encore l&rsquo;<a title=\"Amputations\" href=\"\/Amputations\">amputation<\/a> d&rsquo;un membre inf\u00e9rieur. Les cliniciens et les chercheurs utilisent divers param\u00e8tres qualitatifs et quantitatifs pour analyser le patron de marche. Une revue syst\u00e9matique <sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup> r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2017 a montr\u00e9 que les param\u00e8tres les plus pertinents pour l&rsquo;analyse du patron de marche dans une population adulte en bonne sant\u00e9 \u00e9taient la vitesse de marche, la cadence et la longueur du pas ou du cycle. Les auteurs ont d\u00e9fini ces param\u00e8tres pertinents comme \u00e9tant ceux qui aident les cliniciens \u00e0 identifier les anomalies de la marche applicables dans un contexte de r\u00e9adaptation. Ces variables peuvent \u00eatre divis\u00e9es en deux cat\u00e9gories g\u00e9n\u00e9rales <sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-21\">(21) <\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les variables de temps<\/li>\n<li>Les variables de distance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Temporal_Variables\" class=\"mw-headline\">Variables de temps <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Temporal Variables\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Temporal Variables\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Le temps du cycle de marche<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Temps entre les contacts initiaux cons\u00e9cutifs d&rsquo;un m\u00eame pied <sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_21-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Temps d&rsquo;un pas<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Temps \u00e9coul\u00e9 entre le contact initial d&rsquo;un pied et le contact initial du pied controlat\u00e9ral <sup id=\"cite_ref-Loudon_11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Loudon-11\">(11) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_21-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Distance_Variables\" class=\"mw-headline\">Variables de distance <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Distance Variables\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Distance Variables\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>La <b>longueur<\/b> du <b>cycle<\/b> de marche\n<ul>\n<li>Distance entre les contacts initiaux cons\u00e9cutifs d&rsquo;un m\u00eame pied La longueur moyenne d&rsquo;un cycle de marche est de 1,44 m\u00e8tre <sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_21-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-21\">(21) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>La <b>longueur<\/b> d&rsquo;un <b>pas<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Distance entre le contact initial d&rsquo;un pied et le contact initial du pied controlat\u00e9ral. La longueur normale d&rsquo;un pas est en moyenne de 70 cm <sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_21-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-21\">(21) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-23\">(23) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_22-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>La largeur d&rsquo;un pas<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Espace m\u00e9diolat\u00e9ral entre les deux pieds (la distance entre le talon droit et le talon gauche pendant la marche). <sup id=\"cite_ref-Loudon_11-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Loudon-11\">(11) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_21-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup> La largeur moyenne d&rsquo;un pas normal se situe entre 8 et 10 cm. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_23-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-23\">(23) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup> La largeur du pas diminue avec l&rsquo;augmentation de la vitesse (marche, jogging, course, sprint).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Other_Variables\" class=\"mw-headline\">Autres variables <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Other Variables\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Other Variables\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><b>La cadence<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Nombre de pas effectu\u00e9s par minute (pas\/minute). Les adultes en bonne sant\u00e9 font en moyenne 90 \u00e0 120 pas par minute pour une vitesse de marche confortable <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_23-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-23\">(23) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>La vitesse de marche<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>La vitesse est d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par la cadence et la longueur des pas, mesur\u00e9es en unit\u00e9s de distance sur le temps (m\u00e8tres\/seconde). Cliniquement, elle est souvent calcul\u00e9e en mesurant le temps n\u00e9cessaire pour marcher sur une distance donn\u00e9e, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement 6 m\u00e8tres ou moins. Les adultes en bonne sant\u00e9 choisiront eux-m\u00eames une vitesse de marche confortable d&rsquo;environ 1,34 m\/s en moyenne. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_23-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup> Des vitesses plus lentes sont en corr\u00e9lation avec un risque accru de mortalit\u00e9 chez les <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Older People Introduction\" href=\"\/Older_People_Introduction\">patients g\u00e9riatriques<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup> La vitesse de marche normale implique principalement les extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s inf\u00e9rieures, les bras et le tronc assurant la stabilit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;<a title=\"L'\u00e9quilibre\" href=\"\/Balance\">\u00e9quilibre.<\/a> Avec des vitesses plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es, le corps d\u00e9pend des extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s sup\u00e9rieures et du tronc pour la propulsion, l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre et la stabilit\u00e9, les articulations des membres inf\u00e9rieurs produisant de plus grandes amplitudes de mouvement.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Shultz_27-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Shultz-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Gait_Definitions&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Schuna Jr JM, Tudor-Locke C. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/jaee.umin.jp\/REE\/J\/14_2_107.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Step by step: accumulated knowledge and future directions of step-defined ambulatory activity.<\/a> Research in Exercise Epidemiology. 2012 Sep 30;14(2):107-16.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-0\">2,0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-1\">2,1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-2\">2,2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-3\">2,3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pirker W, Katzenschlager R. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5318488\/pdf\/508_2016_Article_1096.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Gait disorders in adults and the elderly.<\/a> Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2017 Feb;129(3):81-95.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Beauchet O, Allali G, Sekhon H, Verghese J, Guilain S, Steinmetz JP, Kressig RW, Barden JM, Szturm T, Launay CP, Grenier S. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5540886\/pdf\/fnhum-11-00353.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Guidelines for assessment of gait and reference values for spatiotemporal gait parameters in older adults: the biomathics and Canadian gait consortiums initiative<\/a>. Frontiers in human neuroscience. 2017 Aug 3;11:353.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_4-0\">4.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_4-1\">4.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_4-2\">4.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_4-3\">4.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_4-4\">4.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_4-5\">4.5<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_4-6\">4.6<\/a><\/sup> <\/span><span class=\"reference-text\">Kopelovich, A. Gait Definitions and Gait Cycle. Course, Plus. 2022<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bonnefoy A, Armand S. Normal gait. Orthopedic management of children with cerebral palsy: A comprehensive approach. 2015:567.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Ganley KJ, Powers CM. Gait kinematics and kinetics of 7-year-old children: a comparison to adults using age-specific anthropometric data. Gait &amp; posture. 2005 Feb 1;21(2):141-5.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_7-0\">7.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_7-1\">7.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Iosa M, Fusco A, Morone G, Paolucci S. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00014\/full\" rel=\"nofollow\">Development and decline of upright gait stability<\/a>. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2014 Feb 5;6:14.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Mulas I, Putzu V, Asoni G, Viale D, Mameli I, Pau M. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7518096\/pdf\/40520_2020_Article_1715.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Clinical assessment of gait and functional mobility in Italian healthy and cognitively impaired older persons using wearable inertial sensors<\/a>. Aging clinical and experimental research. 2021 Jul;33(7):1853-64.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Mikolajczyk T, Ciobanu I, Badea DI, Iliescu A, Pizzamiglio S, Schauer T, Seel T, Seiciu PL, Turner DL, Berteanu M. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/1687814018783627\" rel=\"nofollow\">Advanced technology for gait rehabilitation: An overview.<\/a> Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 2018 Jul;10(7):1687814018783627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:9-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:9_10-0\">10.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:9_10-1\">10.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:9_10-2\">10.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:9_10-3\">10.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Magee DJ, Manske RC. Orthopedic physical assessment-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2020 Dec 11.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Loudon-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Loudon_11-0\">11.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Loudon_11-1\">11.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Loudon_11-2\">11.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Loudon J, et al. The clinical orthopedic assessment guide. 2nd ed. Kansas: Human Kinetics, 2008. p.395-408.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Shah K, Solan M, Dawe E. The gait cycle and its variations with disease and injury. Orthopaedics and Trauma. 2020 Jun 1;34(3):153-60.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:5-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_13-0\">13.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_13-1\">13.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Watson F, Fino PC, Thornton M, Heracleous C, Loureiro R, Leong JJ. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8240253\/pdf\/12891_2021_Article_4466.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Use of the margin of stability to quantify stability in pathologic gait\u2013a qualitative systematic review.<\/a> BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2021 Dec;22(1):1-29.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Petrovic M, Maganaris CN, Bowling FL, Boulton AJ, Reeves ND. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021929018308625?via%3Dihub\" rel=\"nofollow\">Vertical displacement of the centre of mass during walking in people with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy does not explain their higher metabolic cost of walking.<\/a> Journal of biomechanics. 2019 Jan 23;83:85-90.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Malloggi C, Rota V, Catino L, Malfitano C, Scarano S, Soranna D, Zambon A, Tesio L. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6493692\/pdf\/ijrr-42-112.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Three-dimensional path of the body centre of mass during walking in children: an index of neural maturation<\/a>. International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation. 2019 Jun;42(2):112.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Elhafez SM, Ashour AA, Elhafez NM, Elhafez GM, Abdelmohsen AM. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6656910\/pdf\/main.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Percentage contribution of lower limb moments to vertical ground reaction force in normal gait.<\/a> Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2019 Jun 1;18(2):90-6.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Camomilla V, Cereatti A, Cutti AG, Fantozzi S, Stagni R, Vannozzi G. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5563001\/pdf\/12938_2017_Article_396.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Methodological factors affecting joint moments estimation in clinical gait analysis: a systematic review.<\/a> Biomedical engineering online. 2017 Dec;16(1):1-27.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Alexandra Kopelovich. Ground Reaction Force During the Gait Cycle. Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Y2RHvicAM2o&amp;t=62s\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Y2RHvicAM2o&amp;t=62s<\/a>(last accessed 24\/08\/2022)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:6-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_19-0\">19.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_19-1\">19.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">van Mierlo M, Vlutters M, van Asseldonk EH, van der Kooij H. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0021929021003250?via%3Dihub\" rel=\"nofollow\">Centre of pressure modulations in double support effectively counteract anteroposterior perturbations during gait.<\/a> Journal of biomechanics. 2021 Sep 20;126:110637.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Roberts M, Mongeon D, Prince F. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/319148326_Biomechanical_parameters_for_gait_analysis_a_systematic_review_of_healthy_human_gait\" rel=\"nofollow\">Biomechanical parameters for gait analysis: a systematic review of healthy human gait.<\/a> Phys. Ther. Rehabil. 2017 Aug 16;4(6).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:7-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_21-0\">21.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_21-1\">21.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_21-2\">21.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_21-3\">21.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_21-4\">21.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_21-5\">21.5<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hazari A, Maiya AG, Nagda TV. Kinematics and Kinetics of Gait. InConceptual Biomechanics and Kinesiology 2021 (pp. 181-196). Springer, Singapore.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:8-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:8_22-0\">22.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:8_22-1\">22.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bilney B, Morris M, Webster K. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net\/49801321\/Concurrent_related_validity_of_the_GAITR20161023-13115-5d8eff-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1662113386&amp;Signature=cLvbPw5rPzFShu5lM6-xBRvVP3TcdsaMVe~~tWvK4J38Z0Q35tIlS4qtALCB9GK9KrnlLHP8KI6Bi1xipYG8FUn6iVXd8ff5V4X-3w81Eu9-snS5u6wlmZB7AlCDnTc3~oUdvhufgIdOtKuVrm07pKh4EqtwnuNBVO5p~BjY3~AUyNX47uUU7nv-t0neg2hEWZHK3KipnpDy5jLGR7AZbIf3uAvkWIcYeTBbWnYEOgJUpNatSyOuTXuFABP8o683eWtmfL3dr5p4QePZaDqsGdyOJVKNPQemPeUS-prgYcJPaknpr08cxq8uw3aKFZTX6q2WOhYriEUokQFgCwqXHg__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA\" rel=\"nofollow\">Concurrent related validity of the GAITRite\u00ae walkway system for quantification of the spatial and temporal parameters of gait.<\/a> Gait &amp; posture. 2003 Feb 1;17(1):68-74.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_23-0\">23.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_23-1\">23.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_23-2\">23.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_23-3\">23.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Webster JB, Darter BJ. Principles of normal and pathologic gait. InAtlas of Orthoses and Assistive Devices 2019 Jan 1 (pp. 49-62). Elsevier.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Owings TM, Grabiner MD. Variability of step kinematics in young and older adults. Gait &amp; posture. 2004 Aug 1;20(1):26-9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Marchetti GF, Whitney SL, Blatt PJ, Morris LO, Vance JM. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2390721\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Temporal and spatial characteristics of gait during performance of the Dynamic Gait Index in people with and people without balance or vestibular disorders.<\/a> Physical therapy. 2008 May 1;88(5):640-51.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_26-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Medical dictionary <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com\/gait+speed\" rel=\"nofollow\">Gait speed<\/a> Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com\/gait+speed\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com\/gait+speed<\/a> (last accessed 28.6.2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Shultz-27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Shultz_27-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Shultz SJ et al. Examination of musculoskeletal injuries. 2nd ed, North Carolina: Human Kinetics, 2005. p55-60.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20230323164215 Cache expiry: 0 Dynamic content: true Complications: () CPU time usage: 0.144 seconds Real time usage: 0.158 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 516\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 69\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/40 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 18825\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 17.045 1 Special:Contributors\/Gait_Definitions 100.00% 17.045 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9ditrice originale &#8211; Karsten De Koster Principaux contributeurs &#8211; Wanda van Niekerk, Daphne Xuan, Tarina van der Stockt, Jess Bell et Kim Jackson Contenu 1 Introduction 2 D\u00e9finition de la marche 3 Le d\u00e9veloppement du patron de marche 4 Un patron de marche normale ou id\u00e9al ? 5 Les principales fonctions du patron de marche [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5517","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5517","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5517"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5517\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5529,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5517\/revisions\/5529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}