{"id":4754,"date":"2023-01-31T19:34:02","date_gmt":"2023-01-31T19:34:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/diaphragmatic-breathing-and-ventilator-induced-diaphragmatic-dysfunction-fr\/"},"modified":"2025-12-13T17:07:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T17:07:27","slug":"diaphragmatic-breathing-and-ventilator-induced-diaphragmatic-dysfunction-fr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/diaphragmatic-breathing-and-ventilator-induced-diaphragmatic-dysfunction-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"La respiration diaphragmatique et le dysfonctionnement diaphragmatique induit par la ventilation m\u00e9canique assist\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\"><b>\u00c9diteur original <\/b>&#8211; <a title=\"User:Carin Hunter\" href=\"\/User:Carin_Hunter\">Carin Hunter<\/a> \u00e0 partir du cours de <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/course_tutor\/rina-pandya\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Rina Pandya<\/a><br \/>\n<b>Principales collaboratrices<\/b>  &#8211;  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\" href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\"><bdi>Ewa Jaraczewska<\/bdi><\/a>,  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Carin Hunter\" href=\"\/User:Carin_Hunter\"><bdi>Carin Hunter<\/bdi><\/a>,  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\" href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a>,  <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\" href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a> et <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Wanda van Niekerk\" href=\"\/User:Wanda_van_Niekerk\"><bdi>Wanda van Niekerk<\/bdi><\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display: none;\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Effects_of_Diaphragmatic_Breathing\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les effets de la respiration diaphragmatique<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Effect_of_Mechanical_Ventilation_on_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les effet de la ventilation m\u00e9canique assist\u00e9e sur le diaphragme<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Evidence-Based_Practice\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Une pratique fond\u00e9e sur des preuves<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Examples_of_Breathing_Exercises\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Exemples d&rsquo;exercices de respiration<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Practical_Clinical_Examples_of_Using_Breath_for_Function\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Exemples cliniques pratiques d&rsquo;utilisation de la respiration pour la fonction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Introduction\" class=\"mw-headline\">Introduction<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La fonction diaphragmatique est essentielle \u00e0 une respiration normale et efficace.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> Le dysfonctionnement diaphragmatique, qui se caract\u00e9rise par une alt\u00e9ration du mouvement ou une faiblesse du principal muscle respiratoire, se manifeste par un large \u00e9ventail de sympt\u00f4mes, allant d&rsquo;un l\u00e9ger essoufflement pendant l&rsquo;exercice \u00e0 une insuffisance respiratoire grave pouvant mettre la vie en danger.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> En outre, cela affecte la vocalisation et la d\u00e9glutition.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> Au-del\u00e0 de la d\u00e9tresse physique imm\u00e9diate, cette affection r\u00e9duit consid\u00e9rablement la qualit\u00e9 de vie du patient en raison d&rsquo;une tol\u00e9rance r\u00e9duite \u00e0 l&rsquo;effort, d&rsquo;une fatigue chronique, de troubles du sommeil et d&rsquo;un risque accru d&rsquo;infections pulmonaires. Une d\u00e9tection pr\u00e9coce et un traitement cibl\u00e9 sont essentiels pour am\u00e9liorer les r\u00e9sultats des patients.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La physiologie de la fonction du diaphragme affecte les syst\u00e8mes nerveux sympathique et parasympathique, les activit\u00e9s nerveuses motrices, le cerveau, la stabilit\u00e9 posturale, la d\u00e9f\u00e9cation, la miction, la pression intra-abdominale, l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre m\u00e9tabolique, les syst\u00e8mes cardiovasculaire et lymphatique intrap\u00e9riton\u00e9al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Cet article traite en d\u00e9tail du r\u00f4le du diaphragme et de l&rsquo;influence de la ventilation m\u00e9canique sur ces diff\u00e9rents aspects. On y propose des exemples d&rsquo;exercices de respiration et d&rsquo;application de la respiration pour faciliter les activit\u00e9s fonctionnelles.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Effects_of_Diaphragmatic_Breathing\" class=\"mw-headline\">Les effets de la respiration diaphragmatique <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><b>D\u00e9toxifie et lib\u00e8re les toxines :<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Le corps humain peut lib\u00e9rer 70 % de ses toxines par la respiration. Il est recommand\u00e9 de pratiquer la respiration diaphragmatique au moins 3 fois par jour pendant 39 secondes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li> <b>Est un anti-stress :<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Lorsqu&rsquo;une personne est stress\u00e9e, sa glande surr\u00e9nale lib\u00e8re du cortisol (l&rsquo;hormone du stress) &#8211; les glandes surr\u00e9nales agissent en r\u00e9ponse aux signaux de l&rsquo;hypophyse. L&rsquo;hypophyse r\u00e9pond aux signaux de l&rsquo;hypothalamus.<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup> Le cortisol provoque une augmentation du rythme cardiaque et de la pression art\u00e9rielle. Pratiqu\u00e9e r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, la respiration diaphragmatique contribue \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la production d&rsquo;hormones de stress, en particulier le cortisol. En outre, il favorise la lib\u00e9ration de substances apaisantes telles que les endorphines et les opio\u00efdes.<\/li>\n<li>Prendre quelques respirations diaphragmatiques peut entra\u00eener une r\u00e9duction du rythme cardiaque. Cela permet \u00e0 plus d&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans la circulation sanguine, ce qui calme le cerveau (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire r\u00e9duit l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, am\u00e9liore la circulation, renforce la relaxation musculaire, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>La respiration profonde peut \u00e9galement entra\u00eener la lib\u00e9ration d&rsquo;endorphines, qui rend l&rsquo;humeur plus agr\u00e9able<\/li>\n<li>Selon Tsakona et al, la respiration diaphragmatique est une technique efficace de gestion du stress qui devrait \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9e dans les routines quotidiennes et les programmes de gestion du stress pour les enfants et les adolescents \u00e2g\u00e9s de 6 \u00e0 18 ans.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li> <b> Aide \u00e0 la relaxation et \u00e0 l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration de l&rsquo;humeur :<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>La respiration diaphragmatique stimule le nerf vague, qui induit la relaxation (en activant le syst\u00e8me nerveux parasympathique). NB 75% des fibres nerveuses vagales sont parasympathiques<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La respiration diaphragmatique peut r\u00e9duire le stress physiologique et psychologique. Une \u00e9tude syst\u00e9matique quantitative r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Hopper et al.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup> indique que l&rsquo;effet de la respiration diaphragmatique sur le stress psychologique peut \u00eatre mesur\u00e9 par le biais de la pression art\u00e9rielle, de la respiration et des niveaux de cortisol. Les auteurs ont \u00e9galement conclu que \u00ab\u00a0la respiration diaphragmatique a le potentiel d&rsquo;offrir un traitement facilement accessible et peu co\u00fbteux pour aider \u00e0 g\u00e9rer le stress au quotidien\u00a0\u00bb.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Soulage la douleur :<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Respirer dans la douleur peut am\u00e9liorer la circulation dans cette zone, soulager la tension et am\u00e9liorer les niveaux d&rsquo;oxyg\u00e9nation. Cela d\u00e9clenche la lib\u00e9ration d&rsquo;endorphines, ayant un impact positif sur les niveaux de douleur<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Les troubles respiratoires peuvent directement ou indirectement avoir un effet n\u00e9gatif sur le contr\u00f4le moteur de tous les muscles entourant le rachis. Il est recommand\u00e9 aux patients souffrant de cervicalgies non sp\u00e9cifiques d&rsquo;effectuer des exercices diaphragmatiques. La mobilisation diaphragmatique et les exercices respiratoires ont am\u00e9lior\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats musculosquelettiques et respiratoires ainsi que la fonction respiratoire.<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La respiration diaphragmatique est une technique compl\u00e9mentaire pour r\u00e9duire la douleur apr\u00e8s une chirurgie orthop\u00e9dique. En outre, elle a des effets positifs sur la sant\u00e9 physique et mentale de ces patients.<sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li> <b> Renforce le syst\u00e8me immunitaire :<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>La respiration profonde am\u00e9liore la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un individu \u00e0 m\u00e9taboliser les nutriments et les vitamines. Elle est \u00e9galement b\u00e9n\u00e9fique \u00e0 la digestion, ce qui, ultimement, renforce l&rsquo;immunit\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>La pratique de la respiration \u00e0 l\u00e8vres pinc\u00e9es, de la respiration abdominale, de la toux et de l&rsquo;expectoration, ainsi que l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement des muscles squelettiques combin\u00e9 \u00e0 un entra\u00eenement physique g\u00e9n\u00e9ral am\u00e9liorent l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, la d\u00e9pression et d&rsquo;autres \u00e9motions n\u00e9gatives, et renforcent la fonction immunitaire des lymphocytes T chez les patients atteints d&rsquo;une maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC) stable.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li class=\"mw-empty-elt\">\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li> <b> R\u00e9duit la tension art\u00e9rielle :<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>La relaxation entra\u00eene la dilatation des vaisseaux sanguins, ce qui am\u00e9liore la circulation et diminue la pression art\u00e9rielle. La respiration profonde permet \u00e9galement de r\u00e9duire\/r\u00e9guler le rythme cardiaque, ce qui a un impact positif sur la tension art\u00e9rielle.<\/li>\n<li>La respiration diaphragmatique profonde repose sur une respiration rythmique profonde et lente qui augmente la dur\u00e9e de contraction du diaphragme, r\u00e9duit la fr\u00e9quence respiratoire et augmente les volumes d&rsquo;inspiration et d&rsquo;expiration. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup> Il en r\u00e9sulte un apport maximal d&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne dans le sang. La respiration diaphragmatique profonde effectu\u00e9e \u00e0 6 ou \u226410 respirations par minute peut entra\u00eener une diminution de la pression art\u00e9rielle systolique et diastolique chez les adultes atteints d&rsquo;hypertension.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Am\u00e9liore la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration cellulaire :<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>La <a title=\"Exercices de respiration diaphragmatique\" href=\"\/Diaphragmatic_Breathing_Exercises\">respiration profonde<\/a> permet \u00e0 notre corps d&rsquo;\u00eatre mieux oxyg\u00e9n\u00e9 et am\u00e9liore la circulation, favorisant ainsi la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration cellulaire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Am\u00e9liore la posture :<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;inspiration allonge le rachis, facilite les mouvements lombopelviens et active les muscles stabilisateurs du tronc. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 qu&rsquo;elle pouvait \u00eatre associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une am\u00e9lioration de l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le diaphragme et les abdominaux am\u00e9liorent la stabilit\u00e9 du tronc gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur effet hydraulique dans la cavit\u00e9 abdominale. Le rachis lombaire se rigidifie en raison de l&rsquo;augmentation de la pression intra-abdominale. <sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span id=\"Effect_of_Mechanical_Ventilation_on_the_Diaphragm\" class=\"mw-headline\">Les effets de la ventilation m\u00e9canique assist\u00e9e sur le diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on the Diaphragm\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on the Diaphragm\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote><p>Le dysfonctionnement diaphragmatique induit par la ventilation m\u00e9canique assist\u00e9e est d\u00e9finie par des modifications de la structure fibreuse du diaphragme et une diminution de sa force de contraction, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement caus\u00e9es par une ventilation m\u00e9canique de courte dur\u00e9e.<sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Le dysfonctionnement diaphragmatique induit par la ventilation m\u00e9canique assist\u00e9e :<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Perte de la capacit\u00e9 de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de force du diaphragme. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;<a title=\"Ventilation and Weaning\" href=\"\/Ventilation_and_Weaning\">assistance ventilatoire m\u00e9canique<\/a> contribue \u00e0 l\u2019inactivit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la diminution de la charge plac\u00e9e sur le diaphragme, entra\u00eenant atrophie et fatigue diaphragmatiques.<sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La faiblesse du diaphragme est une cause majeure de difficult\u00e9 dans le sevrage de la ventilation m\u00e9canique assist\u00e9e <sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup> et la perte d\u2019\u00e9paisseur du muscle diaphragme. Cependant, si l&rsquo;assistance ventilatoire est insuffisante et que le diaphragme n&rsquo;est pas suffisamment mis au repos, cela peut entra\u00eener une inflammation et des l\u00e9sions caus\u00e9es par la sollicitation. <sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;atrophie du diaphragme d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e au cours de la ventilation m\u00e9canique a un impact important sur les r\u00e9sultats cliniques. Le fait de cibler un niveau d&rsquo;effort inspiratoire similaire \u00e0 celui de sujets sains au repos pourrait acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la lib\u00e9ration de la ventilation<sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div class=\"thumb tnone\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 602px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:VIDD_Flow_chart_-_recreated.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/31\/VIDD_Flow_chart_-_recreated.jpg\/600px-VIDD_Flow_chart_-_recreated.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/31\/VIDD_Flow_chart_-_recreated.jpg\/900px-VIDD_Flow_chart_-_recreated.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/31\/VIDD_Flow_chart_-_recreated.jpg\/1200px-VIDD_Flow_chart_-_recreated.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" data-file-width=\"1920\" data-file-height=\"1080\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Dysfonctionnement diaphragmatique induit par la ventilation m\u00e9canique assist\u00e9e \u2013 Organigramme <sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Evidence-Based_Practice\" class=\"mw-headline\">Une pratique fond\u00e9e sur des preuves <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Evidence-Based Practice\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Evidence-Based Practice\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Allison et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup> ont rapport\u00e9 que l\u2019activit\u00e9 diaphragmatique augmente chez les sujets sains pendant les tests de contr\u00f4le des mouvements lombopelviens.<\/li>\n<li>O\u2019Sullivan et Beales <sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup> ont conclu dans leurs \u00e9tudes de cas que les mouvements lombopelviens diminuent chez les patients souffrant de l\u00e9sions diaphragmatiques.<\/li>\n<li>En outre, on a souvent signal\u00e9 que les patients souffrant de lombalgie chronique pr\u00e9sentaient des d\u00e9fauts de posture et de contr\u00f4le moteur.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_27-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le diagramme ci-dessous<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_18-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup> fournit des recommandations pour les approches cliniques en mati\u00e8re de dysfonctionnement diaphragmatique induit par la ventilation m\u00e9canique assist\u00e9e selon le <a title=\"Grades and Levels of Evidence\" href=\"\/Grades_and_Levels_of_Evidence\">syst\u00e8me de classification de la m\u00e9decine fond\u00e9e sur les preuves<\/a> (A = preuves solides, B = preuves mod\u00e9r\u00e9es, C = preuves faibles).\n<ul>\n<li>Preuves solides (A)\n<ul>\n<li>Favoriser la respiration spontan\u00e9e<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9viter les m\u00e9dicaments qui peuvent \u00eatre myotoxiques<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9duire la s\u00e9dation<\/li>\n<li>Garder le patient \u00e9veill\u00e9 et alerte autant que possible afin que son diaphragme puisse bouger volontairement<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9buter un programme de mobilisation pr\u00e9coce<\/li>\n<li>Initier l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement des muscles inspiratoires<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Preuves mod\u00e9r\u00e9es (B)\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c9valuer quotidiennement et pr\u00e9cocement la force musculaire respiratoire des contractions diaphragmatiques volontaires et non volontaires<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Preuves faibles (C)\n<ul>\n<li>Appliquer des th\u00e9rapies de sauvetage : stimulation \u00e9lectrique diaphragmatique temporaire transveineuse ou intramusculaire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div class=\"thumb tnone\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 602px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:VIDD_Clinical_practice_guidelines-_from_article.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c3\/VIDD_Clinical_practice_guidelines-_from_article.webp\/600px-VIDD_Clinical_practice_guidelines-_from_article.webp.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c3\/VIDD_Clinical_practice_guidelines-_from_article.webp\/900px-VIDD_Clinical_practice_guidelines-_from_article.webp.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c3\/VIDD_Clinical_practice_guidelines-_from_article.webp\/1200px-VIDD_Clinical_practice_guidelines-_from_article.webp.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"339\" data-file-width=\"1440\" data-file-height=\"813\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Pe\u00f1uelas O, Keough E, L\u00f3pez-Rodr\u00edguez L, Carriedo D, Gon\u00e7alves G, Barreiro E, Lorente J\u00c1. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6658639\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction: translational mechanisms lead to therapeutical alternatives in the critically ill.<\/a> Intensive care medicine experimental. 2019 Jul;7(1):1-25. Note : dans la section \u00ab\u00a0clinical approach\u00a0\u00bb, les termes \u00ab\u00a0volatile\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0non-volatile\u00a0\u00bb devraient \u00eatre \u00ab\u00a0volitional\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0non-volitional\u00a0\u00bb, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 Pe\u00f1uelas et al.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_18-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Examples_of_Breathing_Exercises\" class=\"mw-headline\">Exemples d&rsquo;exercices de respiration<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Examples of Breathing Exercises\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Examples of Breathing Exercises\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Relaxation par la respiration : <sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Asseyez-vous confortablement, le dos droit, et prenez quelques minutes pour vous d\u00e9tendre.<\/li>\n<li>Placez une main sur la poitrine et l&rsquo;autre sur le ventre.<\/li>\n<li>Inspirez par le nez.<\/li>\n<li>Concentrez-vous sur la sensation de la respiration, le mouvement de la poitrine, de la cage thoracique, des \u00e9paules et l&rsquo;expansion des poumons.<\/li>\n<li>Expirez par la bouche, en expulsant autant d&rsquo;air que possible tout en contractant les muscles abdominaux et en rentrant le ventre pendant l&rsquo;expiration.<\/li>\n<li>Continuez \u00e0 inspirer par le nez et \u00e0 expirer par la bouche.<\/li>\n<li>Comptez lentement en expirant et restez dans cet \u00e9tat de d\u00e9tente pendant un moment, en respirant profond\u00e9ment et lentement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Respiration rythmique :<sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Fermez les yeux.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9tendez les muscles de votre corps.<\/li>\n<li>Respirez lentement, r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement et uniform\u00e9ment (inspirez, expirez, d\u00e9tendez-vous) de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 inspirer l&rsquo;air par le nez et \u00e0 l&rsquo;expirer lentement par la bouche.<\/li>\n<li>Soyez attentif aux mouvements de votre poitrine, de votre abdomen et de vos \u00e9paules pendant que vous respirez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Respiration r\u00e9guli\u00e8re et fluide :<sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Inspirez par le nez pendant quatre secondes.<\/li>\n<li>Maintenez pendant 4 secondes.<\/li>\n<li>Expirez \u00e0 l\u00e8vres pinc\u00e9es pendant 4 secondes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Entra\u00eenement \u00e0 la respiration abdominale : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_13-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Le patient est en position assise, allong\u00e9e ou debout.<\/li>\n<li>Demandez au patient de d\u00e9tendre ses \u00e9paules et la partie sup\u00e9rieure de son thorax.<\/li>\n<li>Il place une main sur sa poitrine et l&rsquo;autre sur la partie sup\u00e9rieure de son abdomen. Le but de la respiration est que la main sur la poitrine ne bouge pas, mais que la main sur l&rsquo;abdomen monte et descende.<\/li>\n<li>Pendant l&rsquo;expiration, les abdominaux se contractent et rentrent vers l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur. L&rsquo;expiration doit \u00eatre lente : sa dur\u00e9e doit \u00eatre 1 \u00e0 2 fois plus longue que celle de l&rsquo;inspiration.<\/li>\n<li>Pendant l&rsquo;inspiration, l&rsquo;abdomen se gonfle sous la main qui est pos\u00e9e dessus. L&rsquo;inspiration doit \u00eatre profonde et se faire par le nez.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;entra\u00eenement doit \u00eatre effectu\u00e9 pendant 5 minutes \u00e0 chaque s\u00e9ance, puis progressivement augment\u00e9 jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 10-15 minutes par s\u00e9ance, 3 \u00e0 4 fois par jour.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Entra\u00eenement \u00e0 la respiration \u00e0 l\u00e8vres pinc\u00e9es : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_13-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Le patient est assis ou debout.<\/li>\n<li>Le patient inspire lentement et profond\u00e9ment par le nez.<\/li>\n<li>Ensuite, on demande au patient de retenir sa respiration pendant 1 \u00e0 2 secondes, puis de pincer les l\u00e8vres et d&rsquo;expirer lentement par la bouche.<\/li>\n<li>Le rapport entre le temps d&rsquo;expiration et le temps d&rsquo;inspiration doit \u00eatre de 2:1, 5-10 min\/s\u00e9ance, 3 fois par jour.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span id=\"Practical_Clinical_Examples_of_Using_Breath_for_Function\" class=\"mw-headline\">Exemples cliniques pratiques d&rsquo;utilisation de la respiration pour la fonction<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Practical Clinical Examples of Using Breath for Function\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Practical Clinical Examples of Using Breath for Function\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les vid\u00e9os suivantes, en anglais original, proposent une application clinique pratique de l&rsquo;utilisation de la respiration lors d&rsquo;exercices et d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s fonctionnelles :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dans cette vid\u00e9o, la formatrice aborde les strat\u00e9gies respiratoires. La formatrice explique la strat\u00e9gie \u00ab\u00a0la respiration va avec le mouvement\u00a0\u00bb et propose des exemples d&rsquo;int\u00e9gration du mouvement avec la respiration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bp1BYblDmOA?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-32\">(32)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dans cette vid\u00e9o, la formatrice d\u00e9montre la relation fonctionnelle entre la respiration et le mouvement du bras.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/R2Ox9zkcj68?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-33\">(33)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dans cette troisi\u00e8me vid\u00e9o, la formatrice montre comment faciliter le transfert de la position debout \u00e0 la position assise \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de strat\u00e9gies respiratoires et vocales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/c_VlBI-QgOw?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Powers SK. Diaphragm Function in Health and Disease. The Skeletal Muscle: Plasticity, Degeneration and Epigenetics. 2025 Aug 30:615-30.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:8-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:8_2-0\">2.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:8_2-1\">2.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Jesus F, Hazenberg A, Duiverman M, Wijkstra P. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/content\/breathe\/21\/1\/240218.full.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Diaphragm dysfunction: how to diagnose and how to treat?.<\/a> Breathe. 2025 Feb 25;21(1).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_3-0\">3.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_3-1\">3.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_3-2\">3.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hamasaki H. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6320\/7\/10\/65\" rel=\"nofollow\">Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Health: A Narrative Review.<\/a> Medicines. 2020 Oct;7(10):65.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-0\">4.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-1\">4.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-2\">4.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-3\">4.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-4\">4.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-5\">4.5<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-6\">4.6<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-7\">4.7<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pandya R. Diaphragmatic Breathing and Ventilator-Induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction Course. Plus. 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Marchadier D. The Power of Breathing: For More Calm, Energy, and Quality of Life. Springer Nature; 2025 Jul 2.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hunt MG, Rushton J, Shenberger E, Murayama S. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jcsp\/12\/1\/article-p27.xml\" rel=\"nofollow\">Positive effects of diaphragmatic breathing on physiological stress reactivity in varsity athletes.<\/a> Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. 2018 Mar 1;12(1):27-38.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Johns Hopkins Medicine. Adrenal Glands. Available from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/adrenal-glands\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/adrenal-glands<\/a> (last accessed 12 February 2023).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Tsakona P, Kitsatis I, Apostolou T, Papadopoulou O, Hristara-Papadopoulou A. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/12\/1\/59\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing as a Complementary Therapeutic Strategy in Stress of Children and Teenagers 6\u201318 Years Old.<\/a> Children. 2025 Jan 5;12(1):59.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:5-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_9-0\">9.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_9-1\">9.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hopper SI, Murray SL, Ferrara LR, Singleton JK. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/jbisrir\/fulltext\/2019\/09000\/effectiveness_of_diaphragmatic_breathing_for.6.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow\">Effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing for reducing physiological and psychological stress in adults: a quantitative systematic review<\/a>. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports 2019; 17(9):1855-1876.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-0\">10.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-1\">10.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-2\">10.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-3\">10.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Watkins A. Benefits of deep breathing (Internet). Urban Balance. 2014 (cited 2 December 2021). Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.urbanbalance.com\/benefits-deep-breathing\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.urbanbalance.com\/benefits-deep-breathing\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Tatsios PI, Grammatopoulou E, Dimitriadis Z, Papandreou M, Paraskevopoulos E, Spanos S, Karakasidou P, Koumantakis GA. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/12\/7\/1598\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Effectiveness of Spinal, Diaphragmatic, and Specific Stabilization Exercise Manual Therapy and Respiratory-Related Interventions in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.<\/a> Diagnostics. 2022; 12(7):1598. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Yahia Abdelkhalek D, Sheta AE, Sobhy Omran E. The effect of diaphragmatic breathing technique on pain intensity for adult patients post orthopedic surgeries. Journal of Nursing Science Benha University. 2024 Jan 1;5(1):857-81.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:7-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_13-0\">13.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_13-1\">13.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_13-2\">13.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Ma Y, Chen Y, Zhang N, Xu G, Wang Y, Sun Y, Bai C, Zuo Z. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/apm.amegroups.org\/article\/view\/95078\/html\" rel=\"nofollow\">Efficacy and safety of pulmonary rehabilitation training on lung function, quality of life, and T cell immune function in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial<\/a>. APM 2022;11(5).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:6-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_14-0\">14.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_14-1\">14.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Yau KK, Loke AY. Effects of diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises on prehypertensive or hypertensive adults: A literature review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021 May;43:101315.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Stephens RJ, Haas M, Moore III WL, Emmil JR, Sipress JA, Williams A. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S016147541630166X\" rel=\"nofollow\">Effects of diaphragmatic breathing patterns on balance: a preliminary clinical trial.<\/a> Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics. 2017 Mar 1;40(3):169-75.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Foskolou A, Emmanouil A, Boudolos K, Rousanoglou E. Abdominal Breathing Effect on Postural Stability and the Respiratory Muscles\u2019 Activation during Body Stances Used in Fitness Modalities. Biomechanics 2022; 2: 478\u2013493.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Fu W, Guan L, Liu Q, Xie Z, You J, Chen R. Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction: pathophysiology, monitoring and advances in potential treatment and prevention. European Respiratory Review. 2025 Oct 8;34(178).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_18-0\">18.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_18-1\">18.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_18-2\">18.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pe\u00f1uelas O, Keough E, L\u00f3pez-Rodr\u00edguez L, Carriedo D, Gon\u00e7alves G, Barreiro E, Lorente J\u00c1. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/icm-experimental.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40635-019-0259-9\" rel=\"nofollow\">Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction: translational mechanisms lead to therapeutical alternatives in the critically ill.<\/a> Intensive care medicine experimental. 2019 Jul;7(1):1-25.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Vassilakopoulos T, Petrof BJ. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atsjournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1164\/rccm.200304-489CP\" rel=\"nofollow\">Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction.<\/a> American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2004 Feb 1;169(3):336-41.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Dres M, Dub\u00e9 BP, Mayaux J, Delemazure J, Reuter D, Brochard L, Similowski T, Demoule A. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atsjournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1164\/rccm.201602-0367OC\" rel=\"nofollow\">Coexistence and impact of limb muscle and diaphragm weakness at the time of liberation from mechanical ventilation in medical intensive care unit patients.<\/a> American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2017 Jan 1;195(1):57-66.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Orozco-Levi M, Lloreta J, Minguella J, Serrano S, Broquetas JM, Gea J. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atsjournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1164\/ajrccm.164.9.2011150\" rel=\"nofollow\">Injury of the human diaphragm associated with exertion and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.<\/a> American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2001 Nov 1;164(9):1734-9.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Goligher EC, Dres M, Patel BK, Sahetya SK, Beitler JR, Telias I et al. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7710325\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Lung- and diaphragm-protective ventilation<\/a>. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Oct 1;202(7):950-61. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Lipson DA, Barnacle H, Birk R, Brealey N, Locantore N, Lomas DA, Ludwig-Sengpiel A, Mohindra R, Tabberer M, Zhu CQ, Pascoe SJ. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atsjournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1164\/rccm.201703-0449OC\" rel=\"nofollow\">FULFIL trial: once-daily triple therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.<\/a> American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2017 Aug 15;196(4):438-46.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Schepens T, Dres M, Heunks L, Goligher EC. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/co-criticalcare\/Abstract\/2019\/02000\/Diaphragm_protective_mechanical_ventilation.12.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow\">Diaphragm-protective mechanical ventilation.<\/a> Current opinion in critical care. 2019 Feb 1;25(1):77-85.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Allison G, Kendle K, Roll S, Schupelius J, Scott Q, Panizza J. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S000495141460369X\" rel=\"nofollow\">The role of the diaphragm during abdominal hollowing exercises.<\/a> Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 1998 Jan 1;44(2):95-102.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">O&rsquo;Sullivan PB, Beales DJ. Changes in pelvic floor and diaphragm kinematics and respiratory patterns in subjects with sacroiliac joint pain following a motor learning intervention: a case series. Man Ther. 2007;12(3):209-18.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_27-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">O\u2019Sullivan P. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1356689X05001104\" rel=\"nofollow\">Diagnosis and classification of chronic low back pain disorders: maladaptive movement and motor control impairments as underlying mechanism.<\/a> Manual therapy. 2005 Nov 1;10(4):242-55.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hodges PW, Moseley GL. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1050641103000427\" rel=\"nofollow\">Pain and motor control of the lumbopelvic region: effect and possible mechanisms<\/a>. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology. 2003 Aug 1;13(4):361-70.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Eldin SMA, Mohamed HG, Ragab II. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/bu.edu.eg\/portal\/uploads\/Nursing\/Medical%20and%20Surgical%20%20Nursing\/1873\/publications\/Hanan%20Gaber%20Mohammed%20Mahmoud_Paper%20Reprints%201.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Effect of Relaxation Breathing Technique among Patients with Moderate Burn on their Pain and Anxiety at Wound Care.<\/a> World Journal of Nursing Sciences 2015; 1(3): 110-123.<\/span> <\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bozorg-Nejad M, Azizkhani H, Mohaddes Ardebili F, Mousavi SK, Manafi F, Hosseini AF. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5890366\/pdf\/wjps-7-051.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Effect of Rhythmic Breathing on Pain of Dressing Change in Patients with Burns Referred to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital.<\/a> World J Plast Surg. 2018 Jan;7(1):51-57.<\/span> <\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hoseinzadeh-Karimkoshteh M, Firouzkouhi M, Abdollahimohammad A. Effect of regular smooth breathing on the intensity of pain caused by dressing change in patients with second-degree burns: a clinical trial. Med Surg Nurs J. 2019; 8(2):e92321.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-32\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Ventilatory Strategies &#8212; Massery PT &#8212; Mary Massery &#8212; If You Can&rsquo;t Breathe, You Can&rsquo;t Function. Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bp1BYblDmOA\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bp1BYblDmOA<\/a>(last accessed 5 November 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-33\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-33\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Functional Relationships &#8212; Massery PT &#8212; Mary Massery &#8212; If You Can&rsquo;t Breathe, You Can&rsquo;t Function. Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=R2Ox9zkcj68\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=R2Ox9zkcj68<\/a> (last accessed 5 November 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-34\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-34\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Using Voicing Strategies &#8212; Massery PT &#8212; Mary Massery &#8212; If You Can&rsquo;t Breathe, You Can&rsquo;t Function. Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c_VlBI-QgOw\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c_VlBI-QgOw<\/a> (last accessed 5 November 2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20251209071447\nCache expiry: 0\nReduced expiry: true\nComplications: (show\u2010toc)\nCPU time usage: 0.109 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.116 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 492\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 179\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 3\/100\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0\/20\nUnstrip post\u2010expand size: 6209\/5000000 bytes\n--><br \/>\n<!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%    8.660      1 Special:Contributors\/Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction\n100.00%    8.660      1 -total\n--><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9diteur original &#8211; Carin Hunter \u00e0 partir du cours de Rina Pandya Principales collaboratrices &#8211; Ewa Jaraczewska, Carin Hunter, Jess Bell, Kim Jackson et Wanda van Niekerk Contenu 1 Introduction 2 Les effets de la respiration diaphragmatique 3 Les effet de la ventilation m\u00e9canique assist\u00e9e sur le diaphragme 4 Une pratique fond\u00e9e sur des preuves [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4754","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4754"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13317,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4754\/revisions\/13317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}