{"id":4717,"date":"2023-01-29T21:12:24","date_gmt":"2023-01-29T21:12:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/diaphragm-anatomy-and-differential-diagnosis-fr\/"},"modified":"2023-01-30T03:17:26","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T03:17:26","slug":"diaphragm-anatomy-and-differential-diagnosis-fr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/diaphragm-anatomy-and-differential-diagnosis-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;anatomie du diaphragme et le diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\"> <b>\u00c9diteur original <\/b>&#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Carin_Hunter\" title=\"User:Carin Hunter\">Carin Hunter<\/a> \u00e0 partir du cours de <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/course_tutor\/rina-pandya\/\">Rina Pandya<\/a><br \/>\n<b>Principaux contributeurs<\/b> &#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Carin_Hunter\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Carin Hunter\"><bdi>Carin Hunter<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Wanda_van_Niekerk\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Wanda van Niekerk\"><bdi>Wanda van Niekerk<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Lucinda_hampton\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Lucinda hampton\"><bdi>Lucinda hampton<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Merinda_Rodseth\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Merinda Rodseth\"><bdi>Merinda Rodseth<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Tarina_van_der_Stockt\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Tarina van der Stockt\"><bdi>Tarina van der Stockt<\/bdi><\/a> et <a href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\"><bdi>Ewa Jaraczewska<\/bdi><\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input type=\"checkbox\" role=\"button\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"toctogglespan\"><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"><\/label><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Anatomy_of_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Anatomie du diaphragme<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Major_Openings_in_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les principales ouvertures dans le diaphragme<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Nerve_Supply\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Innervation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Vascular_Supply\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Vascularisation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Fascial_Attachments\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les attaches fasciales<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#1._Vertebrae\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">1. Au niveau des vert\u00e8bres<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#2._Muscles\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">2. Au niveau des muscles<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Aetiology_of_an_Elevated_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u00c9tiologie d&rsquo;un diaphragme sur\u00e9lev\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Differential_Diagnosis_for_Elevated_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel pour la sur\u00e9l\u00e9vation du diaphragme<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Aetiology_for_Paralysis_of_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u00c9tiologie de la paralysie du diaphragme<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Differential_Diagnosis_for_Paralysis_of_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel pour la paralysie du diaphragme<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Symptoms_of_Diaphragmatic_Weakness\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les sympt\u00f4mes d&rsquo;une faiblesse du diaphragme<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Paradoxical_Breathing\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">La respiration paradoxale<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">10<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Anatomy_of_the_Diaphragm\">Anatomie du diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Anatomy of the Diaphragm\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Anatomy of the Diaphragm\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Le diaphragme est un muscle majeur de la respiration.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C&rsquo;est une \u00ab\u00a0cloison fibromusculaire\u00a0\u00bb en forme de d\u00f4me qui s\u00e9pare le thorax de l&rsquo;abdomen. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Il forme le plancher du thorax et le toit de l&rsquo;abdomen. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le c\u00f4t\u00e9 gauche est plus bas que le droit en raison de la pr\u00e9sence du foie \u00e0 droite. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le c\u00f4t\u00e9 gauche peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre situ\u00e9 partiellement en dessous en raison de la \u00ab\u00a0pouss\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb du <a href=\"\/Anatomy_of_the_Human_Heart\" title=\"Anatomy of the Human Heart\">c\u0153ur<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\">(4) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>La partie p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique du diaphragme est musculaire et se compose de trois groupes de muscles distincts :\n<ul>\n<li>Le groupe <a href=\"\/Sternum\" title=\"Sternum\">sternal<\/a> prend origine au niveau du processus (ou apophyse) xipho\u00efde.<\/li>\n<li>Le groupe costal prend origine de la face inf\u00e9rieure des six derni\u00e8res <a href=\"\/Ribs\" title=\"Ribs\">c\u00f4tes<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Le groupe <a href=\"\/Lumbar\" title=\"Lumbar\">lombaire<\/a> prend origine au niveau des deux pilliers et des ligaments arqu\u00e9s, qui s&rsquo;ins\u00e8rent \u00e0 leur tour au niveau de L1 et L2, et parfois aussi L3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>La partie centrale du diaphragme est constitu\u00e9e de ligaments tendineux <a href=\"\/Aponeurosis\" title=\"Aponeurosis\">apon\u00e9vrotiques<\/a> tr\u00e8s solides, sans aucune attache osseuse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Major_Openings_in_the_Diaphragm\">Les principales ouvertures dans le diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Major Openings in the Diaphragm\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Major Openings in the Diaphragm\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Henry_Vandyke_Carter,_Public_domain,_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Henry_Vandyke_Carter%2C_Public_domain%2C_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png\/300px-Henry_Vandyke_Carter%2C_Public_domain%2C_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"265\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Henry_Vandyke_Carter%2C_Public_domain%2C_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png\/450px-Henry_Vandyke_Carter%2C_Public_domain%2C_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/7\/75\/Henry_Vandyke_Carter%2C_Public_domain%2C_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Henry_Vandyke_Carter,_Public_domain,_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Anatomie du diaphragme<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ol>\n<li><b>L\u2019orifice de la veine cave inf\u00e9rieure :<\/b> situ\u00e9 en regard de la vert\u00e8bre T8 dans le centre tendineux. Permet le passage de la <a href=\"\/Vena_Cava\" title=\"Vena Cava\">veine cave<\/a> inf\u00e9rieure et de certaines branches du <a href=\"\/Phrenic_Nerve\" title=\"Phrenic Nerve\">nerf phr\u00e9nique<\/a> droit. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><b>L\u2019orifice \u0153sophagien :<\/b> situ\u00e9 en regard de T10. Il permet le passage de l&rsquo;\u0153sophage, des troncs des nerfs <a href=\"\/Vagus_Nerve\" title=\"Vagus Nerve\">vagaux<\/a> droit et gauche, des branches \u0153sophagiennes des vaisseaux gastriques gauche et des vaisseaux <a href=\"\/Lymphatic_System\" title=\"Lymphatic System\">lymphatiques<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><b>L\u2019orifice aortique :<\/b> ant\u00e9rieur au corps vert\u00e9bral de T12 entre les deux pilliers. Il permet le passage de l&rsquo;<a href=\"\/Aorta\" title=\"Aorta\">aorte<\/a>, du canal thoracique et de la veine azygos. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Nerve_Supply\">Innervation <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Nerve Supply\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Nerve Supply\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\/300px-Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\/450px-Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\/600px-Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Le nerf phr\u00e9nique du plexus cervical<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Le diaphragme est innerv\u00e9 par les <a href=\"\/Phrenic_Nerve\" title=\"Phrenic Nerve\">nerfs phr\u00e9niques<\/a> droit et gauche : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> C3, C4, C5 et parfois C6. Chaque nerf phr\u00e9nique se divise en quatre troncs.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Innervation motrice : <\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>L&rsquo;h\u00e9midiaphragme gauche est innerv\u00e9 par le nerf phr\u00e9nique gauche.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;h\u00e9midiaphragme droit est innerv\u00e9 par le nerf phr\u00e9nique droit.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Innervation sensorielle :<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li>Le nerf phr\u00e9nique innerve la pl\u00e8vre pari\u00e9tale et le p\u00e9ritoine recouvrant les surfaces centrales du diaphragme. La p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie du diaphragme est innerv\u00e9e par les six nerfs intercostaux inf\u00e9rieurs.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le nerf phr\u00e9nique est constitu\u00e9 de fibres my\u00e9linis\u00e9es de grand diam\u00e8tre, de fibres my\u00e9linis\u00e9es de petit diam\u00e8tre et de fibres non my\u00e9linis\u00e9es. Les fibres de grand diam\u00e8tre s&rsquo;activent lorsque le diaphragme se contracte, tandis que les fibres de petit diam\u00e8tre sont activ\u00e9es tout au long de la respiration.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;activation du nerf phr\u00e9nique module le flux moteur <a href=\"\/Sympathetic_Nervous_System\" title=\"Sympathetic Nervous System\">sympathique<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Les aff\u00e9rences phr\u00e9niques sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9es dans la <a href=\"\/Somatosensation\" title=\"Somatosensation\">somatosensation<\/a> du diaphragme et elles rendent les individus conscients de leur respiration lorsqu&rsquo;ils sont \u00e9veill\u00e9s. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Vascular_Supply\">Vascularisation <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Vascular Supply\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Vascular Supply\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Vascularisation art\u00e9rielle :<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Art\u00e8re phr\u00e9nique inf\u00e9rieure de l&rsquo;aorte abdominale <sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Art\u00e8re phr\u00e9nique sup\u00e9rieure<\/li>\n<li>Art\u00e8res p\u00e9ricardiophr\u00e9niques et musculophr\u00e9niques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Drainage veineux :<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Veine phr\u00e9nique inf\u00e9rieure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Fascial_Attachments\">Les attaches fasciales <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Fascial Attachments\">modifier<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Fascial Attachments\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"1._Vertebrae\">1. Au niveau des vert\u00e8bres <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 1. Vertebrae\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Edit section: 1. Vertebrae\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Arcade lombocostale m\u00e9diale <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Une arcade tendineuse dans le <a href=\"\/Fascia\" title=\"Les fascias\">fascia<\/a> qui recouvre le <a href=\"\/Psoas_Major\" title=\"Psoas Major\">grand psoas<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e9dialement, elle s&rsquo;attache au c\u00f4t\u00e9 du corps vert\u00e9bral L1.<\/li>\n<li>Lat\u00e9ralement, elle s&rsquo;attache \u00e0 l&rsquo;avant de l&rsquo;apophyse transverse de L1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Arcade lombocostale lat\u00e9rale <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Une arcade tendineuse dans le fascia qui recouvre la partie sup\u00e9rieure du <a href=\"\/Quadratus_Lumborum\" title=\"Quadratus Lumborum\">carr\u00e9 des lombes<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e9dialement, elle s&rsquo;attache \u00e0 l&rsquo;avant de l&rsquo;apophyse transverse L1.<\/li>\n<li>lat\u00e9ralement, elle s&rsquo;attache au bord inf\u00e9rieur de la c\u00f4te 12<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"2._Muscles\">2. Au niveau des muscles <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 2. Muscles\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Edit section: 2. Muscles\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Le <a href=\"\/Quadratus_Lumborum\" title=\"Quadratus Lumborum\">carr\u00e9 des lombes<\/a> s&rsquo;attache \u00e0 la partie inf\u00e9rieure de la 12e c\u00f4te. Une partie du diaphragme s&rsquo;attache \u00e0 la partie sup\u00e9rieure de cette c\u00f4te. Le fascia est continu entre ces attaches.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le muscle <a href=\"\/Psoas_Major\" title=\"Psoas Major\">psoas<\/a> se trouve dans une zone similaire \u00e0 celle du carr\u00e9 des lombes. Il se fond avec le fascia \u00e0 l&rsquo;extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 proximale de la partie post\u00e9rieure du diaphragme.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Aetiology_of_an_Elevated_Diaphragm\">\u00c9tiologie d&rsquo;un diaphragme sur\u00e9lev\u00e9 <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Aetiology of an Elevated Diaphragm\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Edit section: Aetiology of an Elevated Diaphragm\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Un h\u00e9midiaphragme sur\u00e9lev\u00e9 peut \u00eatre d\u00fb \u00e0 des causes directes et indirectes.<\/p>\n<p>Les causes peuvent \u00eatre regroup\u00e9es en trois cat\u00e9gories en fonction de la localisation de la cause, notamment : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-7\">(7) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Au-dessus du diaphragme\n<ul>\n<li>Diminution du <a href=\"\/Lung_Volumes\" title=\"Lung Volumes\">volume pulmonaire<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Atelectasis\" title=\"Atelectasis\">Atelectasie<\/a> \/ collapsus<\/li>\n<li>Lobectomie ou pneumonectomie ant\u00e9rieure<\/li>\n<li>Hypoplasie pulmonaire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Au niveau du diaphragme\n<ul>\n<li>Paralysie du nerf phr\u00e9nique<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9ventration diaphragmatique (placement anormal du diaphragme, situ\u00e9 trop haut dans le corps, soit en raison de probl\u00e8mes avec les nerfs qui alimentent le muscle, soit en raison du muscle lui-m\u00eame. Dans les cas les plus graves, cela peut comprimer les poumons et perturber la respiration) <sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Stroke\" title=\"Accident vasculaire c\u00e9r\u00e9bral\">Accident vasculaire c\u00e9r\u00e9bral<\/a> controlat\u00e9ral : g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans la distribution de l&rsquo;art\u00e8re c\u00e9r\u00e9brale moyenne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Sous le diaphragme\n<ul>\n<li>Tumeur abdominale, par exemple m\u00e9tastases h\u00e9patiques ou tumeur maligne primaire<\/li>\n<li>Abc\u00e8s sous-phr\u00e9nique<\/li>\n<li>Distension de l&rsquo;estomac ou du c\u00f4lon, y compris le signe \/ syndrome de Chilaiditi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Differential_Diagnosis_for_Elevated_Diaphragm\">Diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel pour la sur\u00e9l\u00e9vation du diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Differential Diagnosis for Elevated Diaphragm\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Edit section: Differential Diagnosis for Elevated Diaphragm\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>D&rsquo;autres situations qui peuvent imiter un h\u00e9midiaphragme sur\u00e9lev\u00e9 incluent : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_7-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/subpulmonic-effusion?lang=us\">Un \u00e9panchement sous-pulmonaire<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/diaphragmatic-hernia?lang=us\">Une hernie diaphragmatique<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/diaphragmatic-rupture?lang=us\">Une rupture diaphragmatique<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Une tumeur de la pl\u00e8vre ou du diaphragme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Aetiology_for_Paralysis_of_the_Diaphragm\">\u00c9tiologie de la paralysie du diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Aetiology for Paralysis of the Diaphragm\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Edit section: Aetiology for Paralysis of the Diaphragm\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La paralysie diaphragmatique se produit lorsque l&rsquo;innervation est interrompue. Cette interruption peut se produire dans le nerf phr\u00e9nique lui-m\u00eame, au niveau de la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re cervicale ou dans le tronc c\u00e9r\u00e9bral. Cependant, elle est le plus souvent caus\u00e9e par une l\u00e9sion du nerf phr\u00e9nique par : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-12\">(12) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Un traumatisme m\u00e9canique :<\/b> tel qu&rsquo;une l\u00e9sion ou une ligature nerveuses pendant une op\u00e9ration chirurgicale<\/li>\n<li><b>Une compression :<\/b> due \u00e0 une tumeur dans la cavit\u00e9 thoracique<\/li>\n<li><b>Une myopathie :<\/b> incluant la <a href=\"\/Myasthenia_Gravis\" title=\"Myasthenia Gravis\">myasth\u00e9nie grave<\/a><\/li>\n<li><b>Une neuropathie :<\/b> inclant des affections telles que la <a href=\"\/Diabetic_Neuropathy\" title=\"Diabetic Neuropathy\">neuropathie diab\u00e9tique<\/a>, la <a href=\"\/Myositis_Ossificans\" title=\"Myositis Ossificans\">myosite<\/a> \u00e0 corps d&rsquo;inclusion, la <a href=\"\/Dermatomyositis\" title=\"Dermatomyositis\">dermatomyosite<\/a>, la <a href=\"\/Multiple_Sclerosis_(MS)\" title=\"Multiple Sclerosis (MS)\">scl\u00e9rose en plaques<\/a>, la maladie des cellules de la corne ant\u00e9rieure, la maladie d\u00e9my\u00e9linisante chronique et la <a href=\"\/Myopathies\" title=\"Myopathies\">myopathie<\/a> n\u00e9vralgique<\/li>\n<li> <b> Une situation inflammatoire :<\/b> un certain nombre de maladies syst\u00e9miques peuvent provoquer une inflammation du nerf phr\u00e9nique du diaphragme, ce qui entra\u00eene une paralysie diaphragmatique En voici quelques exemples :\n<ul>\n<li>Les infections <a href=\"\/Viral_Infections\" title=\"Viral Infections\">virales<\/a> (par exemple, le <a href=\"\/Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_(HIV)\" title=\"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)\">VIH<\/a>, le virus du Nil occidental et le virus de la <a href=\"\/Poliomyelitis\" title=\"Poliomyelitis\">poliomy\u00e9lite<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>Les infections <a href=\"\/Bacterial_Infections\" title=\"Bacterial Infections\">bact\u00e9riennes<\/a> (par exemple, <a href=\"\/Lyme_Disease\" title=\"Lyme Disease\">la maladie de Lyme<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Non-Communicable_Diseases\" title=\"Non-Communicable Diseases\">Les causes non infectieuses<\/a> (par exemple, la <a href=\"\/Sarcoidosis\" title=\"Sarcoidosis\">sarco\u00efdose<\/a> et l&rsquo;<a href=\"\/Amyloidosis\" title=\"Amyloidosis\">amylo\u00efdose<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li> <b>Les paralysies idiopathique :<\/b> environ 20 % des cas n&rsquo;ont pas de cause \u00e9vidente<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Differential_Diagnosis_for_Paralysis_of_the_Diaphragm\">Diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel pour la paralysie du diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Differential Diagnosis for Paralysis of the Diaphragm\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Edit section: Differential Diagnosis for Paralysis of the Diaphragm\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Hypoventilation <a href=\"\/Alveoli\" title=\"Alveoli\">alv\u00e9olaire<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Maladie des cellules de la corne ant\u00e9rieure ou de la jonction neuromusculaire<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e9morragie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale<\/li>\n<li>Fracture cervicale<\/li>\n<li>Compliance pulmonaire diminu\u00e9e<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Guillain-Barre_Syndrome\" title=\"Guillain-Barre Syndrome\">Syndrome de Guillain-Barr\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Myasthenia_Gravis\" title=\"Myasthenia Gravis\">Myasth\u00e9nie grave<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Neuropathies p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques<\/li>\n<li>Adh\u00e9rences pleurales <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Symptoms_of_Diaphragmatic_Weakness\">Les sympt\u00f4mes de faiblesse du diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Symptoms of Diaphragmatic Weakness\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Edit section: Symptoms of Diaphragmatic Weakness\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><b>La faiblesse unilat\u00e9rale :<\/b> Est souvent asymptomatique et d\u00e9tect\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re fortuite. Les patients pr\u00e9sentent des limitations dans leur capacit\u00e9 de faire de l&rsquo;exercice et des niveaux de saturation en oxyg\u00e8ne plus faibles : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Un tiers des patients se plaignent d&rsquo;un essoufflement \u00e0 l&rsquo;effort<\/li>\n<li>Dyspn\u00e9e de repos avec comorbidit\u00e9s telles que des affections cardiopulmonaires<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>La faiblesse bilat\u00e9rale :<\/b> va d&rsquo;une dyspn\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;effort l\u00e9ger \u00e0 une dyspn\u00e9e au repos : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u00eane suppl\u00e9mentaire \u2192 orthopn\u00e9e<\/li>\n<li>Hypoventilation progressive \u2192 hypercapnie et insuffisance cardiaque droite Pire pendant le sommeil<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Paradoxical_Breathing\">La respiration paradoxale <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Paradoxical Breathing\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Edit section: Paradoxical Breathing\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:402px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/15\/Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\/400px-Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/15\/Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\/600px-Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/15\/Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\/800px-Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Respiration paradoxale<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>La paralysie du diaphragme entra\u00eene un \u00ab\u00a0mouvement paradoxal\u00a0\u00bb. Le c\u00f4t\u00e9 affect\u00e9 se d\u00e9place vers le haut pendant l&rsquo;inspiration et vers le bas pendant l&rsquo;expiration.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La paralysie diaphragmatique unilat\u00e9rale est fr\u00e9quemment asymptomatique et est souvent d\u00e9couverte de mani\u00e8re fortuite sur une radiographie.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_12-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Une paralysie bilat\u00e9rale peut entra\u00eener une mauvaise tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 l&rsquo;effort, une orthopn\u00e9e et une fatigue. Il y aura \u00e9galement un d\u00e9ficit restrictif aux tests de fonction pulmonaire.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_12-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8TnrNrrEjuE?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Fayssoil A, Behin A, Ogna A, Mompoint D, Amthor H, Clair B, Laforet P, Mansart A, Prigent H, Orlikowski D, Stojkovic T, Vinit S, Carlier R, Eymard B, Lofaso F, Annane D. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/articles\/journal-of-neuromuscular-diseases\/jnd170276\">Diaphragm: Pathophysiology and Ultrasound Imaging in Neuromuscular Disorders.<\/a> J Neuromuscul Dis. 2018;5(1):1-10<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-0\">2.00<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-1\">2.01<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-2\">2.02<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-3\">2.03<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-4\">2.04<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-5\">2.05<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-6\">2.06<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-7\">2.07<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-8\">2.08<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-9\">2.09<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-10\">2.10<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-11\">2.11<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-12\">2.12<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bains KN, Kashyap S, Lappin SL. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519558\/\">Anatomy, Thorax, Diaphragm.<\/a> StatPearls (Internet). 2020 Aug 15.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Kurian J. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-31989-2_6\">Chest Wall and Diaphragm<\/a>. InPediatric Body MRI 2020 (pp. 159-192). Springer, Cham.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bordoni B, Purgol S, Bizzarri A, Modica M, Morabito B. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6070065\/\">The influence of breathing on the central nervous system.<\/a> Cureus. 2018 Jun;10(6).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Oliver KA, Ashurst JV. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30020697\/\">Anatomy, Thorax, Phrenic Nerves.<\/a> InStatPearls (Internet) 2020 Jul 27. StatPearls Publishing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-0\">6.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-1\">6.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-2\">6.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-3\">6.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-4\">6.4<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Kokatnur L, Vashisht R, Rudrappa M. Diaphragm Disorders. (Updated 2021 Aug 9). In: StatPearls (Internet). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK470172\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK470172\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_7-0\">7.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_7-1\">7.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_7-2\">7.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Patel PR, Bechmann S. Elevated Hemidiaphragm. (Updated 2021 Aug 9). In: StatPearls (Internet). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. 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Plus , 2021.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Columbia Surgery Diaphragm Eventration Available:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/columbiasurgery.org\/conditions-and-treatments\/diaphragm-eventration\">https:\/\/columbiasurgery.org\/conditions-and-treatments\/diaphragm-eventration<\/a> (accessed 9.5.2022)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_12-0\">12.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_12-1\">12.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_12-2\">12.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_12-3\">12.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">TeachMe Anatomy. The diaphragm. 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Journal of pediatric surgery. 2020 Feb 1;55(2):240-4.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20230128200449 Cache expiry: 0 Dynamic content: true Complications: () CPU time usage: 0.102 seconds Real time usage: 0.110 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 361\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 97\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/40 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 10603\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 19.031 1 Special:Contributors\/Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis 100.00% 19.031 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9diteur original &#8211; Carin Hunter \u00e0 partir du cours de Rina Pandya Principaux contributeurs &#8211; Carin Hunter, Jess Bell, Kim Jackson, Wanda van Niekerk, Lucinda hampton, Merinda Rodseth, Tarina van der Stockt et Ewa Jaraczewska Contenu 1 Anatomie du diaphragme 2 Les principales ouvertures dans le diaphragme 3 Innervation 4 Vascularisation 5 Les attaches fasciales [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4717","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4717"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4719,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4717\/revisions\/4719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}