{"id":4523,"date":"2023-01-16T04:30:26","date_gmt":"2023-01-16T04:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/proprioception-of-the-ankle-fr\/"},"modified":"2023-01-19T16:09:33","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T16:09:33","slug":"proprioception-of-the-ankle-fr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/proprioception-of-the-ankle-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"Proprioception de la cheville"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\">\n<p><b>\u00c9diteur original <\/b>&#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\">Ewa Jaraczewska<\/a> d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s le cours de <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/instructor\/helene-simpson\/\">Helene Simpson<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Contributeurs principaux<\/b> &#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\"><bdi>Ewa Jaraczewska<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a> et <a href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a>   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input type=\"checkbox\" role=\"button\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"toctogglespan\"><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"><\/label><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#What_Is_Proprioception.3F\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la proprioception ?<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Proprioception_and_Ageing\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">La proprioception et le vieillissement<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Proprioception_and_Muscles_of_the_Foot\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">La proprioception et les muscles du pied<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Visual_.2F_Vestibular_Systems_and_Proprioception\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">La proprioception et les syst\u00e8mes visuel et vestibulaire <\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Proprioception_and_Ankle_Injury\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">La proprioception et les blessure \u00e0 la cheville<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Proprioception_Retraining\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9entra\u00eenement de la proprioception<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Short_Foot_Exercises\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les exercices Short Foot <\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Sensory_Targeted_Ankle_Rehabilitation_Strategies\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Strat\u00e9gies de r\u00e9adaptation de la cheville \u00e0 vis\u00e9e sensorielle<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#External_Devices\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Dispositifs externes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#External_Supports\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Supports externes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Tests_for_Proprioception\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Tests de proprioception<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Resources\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Ressources<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les <a href=\"\/Sensation\" title=\"Sensation\">r\u00e9cepteurs sensoriels de la<\/a> peau et les r\u00e9cepteurs musculosquelettiques, y compris le <a href=\"\/Muscle_spindles\" title=\"Muscle spindles\">fuseau neuromusculaire<\/a> et l&rsquo;<a href=\"\/Golgi_Tendon_Organ\" title=\"Golgi Tendon Organ\">organe tendineux de Golgi<\/a> (OTG), sont les principaux capteurs qui contr\u00f4lent la position relative des parties du corps et l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 musculaire.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup> Ils r\u00e9agissent au toucher, \u00e0 la vibration, \u00e0 la pression et \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tirement de la peau, en modifiant la longueur du muscle et l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 de la force musculaire. La longueur et la tension des muscles squelettiques sont contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par la proprioception afin de coordonner le contr\u00f4le moteur. <sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> Cet article se concentrera sur la <a href=\"\/Proprioception\" title=\"Proprioception\">proprioception de<\/a> la cheville et la fa\u00e7on dont elle peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9\u00e9adaptation des <a href=\"\/Ankle_Sprain\" title=\"Ankle Sprain\">blessures \u00e0 la cheville<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Sensory_Receptors_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_620794343.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Sensory_Receptors_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_620794343.jpg\/300px-Sensory_Receptors_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_620794343.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Sensory_Receptors_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_620794343.jpg\/450px-Sensory_Receptors_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_620794343.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Sensory_Receptors_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_620794343.jpg\/600px-Sensory_Receptors_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_620794343.jpg 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Sensory_Receptors_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_620794343.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>R\u00e9cepteurs sensoriels<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:352px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Nerve_Pathway_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_104298341.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Nerve_Pathway_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_104298341.jpg\/350px-Nerve_Pathway_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_104298341.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"206\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Nerve_Pathway_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_104298341.jpg\/525px-Nerve_Pathway_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_104298341.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Nerve_Pathway_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_104298341.jpg\/700px-Nerve_Pathway_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_104298341.jpg 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Nerve_Pathway_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_104298341.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Voies nerveuses<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"What_Is_Proprioception?\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"What_Is_Proprioception.3F\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que la proprioception ? <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: What Is Proprioception?\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Edit section: What Is Proprioception?\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La <a href=\"\/Proprioception\" title=\"Proprioception\">proprioception<\/a> est une \u00ab\u00a0variation sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e de la modalit\u00e9 sensorielle du toucher qui englobe la sensation du mouvement des articulations (kinesth\u00e9sie) et de leur position (sens de la position des articulations)\u00a0\u00bb.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> Lorsqu&rsquo;une d\u00e9formation des tissus se produit, les r\u00e9cepteurs sensoriels de la peau, des muscles, des articulations, des ligaments et des tendons fournissent un retour proprioceptif au <a href=\"\/Central_Nervous_System_Pathways\" title=\"Central Nervous System Pathways\">syst\u00e8me nerveux central<\/a> (SNC) par le biais de diverses voies anatomiques. Le choix de la voie d\u00e9pend du type de signal transport\u00e9. Les informations tactiles et proprioceptives atteignent le SNC par la voie lemniscale m\u00e9diale de la colonne post\u00e9rieure. Les voies spinothalamiques transportent les informations relatives \u00e0 la douleur et \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature. De plus, les centres visuels et vestibulaires fournissent des informations aff\u00e9rentes au syst\u00e8me nerveux central sur la position et l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre du corps.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La proprioception est guid\u00e9e par les r\u00e9cepteurs du corps.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa connexion directe avec le <a href=\"\/Brain_Anatomy\" title=\"Brain Anatomy\">cerveau<\/a> par le biais du <a href=\"\/Central_Nervous_System_Pathways\" title=\"Central Nervous System Pathways\">syst\u00e8me nerveux<\/a>, un individu priv\u00e9 de la vue est conscient des activit\u00e9s de son corps.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> Lorsque des changements se produisent dans la longueur des muscles de la cheville, la position de l&rsquo;articulation ou la vitesse du mouvement, le SNC utilise ces informations pour planifier un mouvement et ex\u00e9cuter la marche.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Les m\u00e9canor\u00e9cepteurs, les thermor\u00e9cepteurs et les nocicepteurs sont tous des r\u00e9cepteurs sensoriels de la peau. Il existe six m\u00e9canor\u00e9cepteurs cutan\u00e9s : les disques de Merkel, les corpuscules de Meissner, les corpuscules de Pacini, les terminaisons de Ruffini et les m\u00e9canor\u00e9cepteurs \u00e0 bas seuil (MBS) de la fibre C. Les follicules pileux appartiennent \u00e9galement \u00e0 ce groupe et sont responsables de la d\u00e9tection de la sensation de toucher l\u00e9ger. Les corpuscules de Meissner sont situ\u00e9s dans les papilles dermiques et d\u00e9tectent le toucher fin et les vibrations. Les vibrations \u00e0 haute fr\u00e9quence et le toucher sont \u00e9galement le fait des corpuscules de Pacini situ\u00e9s dans le derme. Les corpuscules de Ruffini sont capables de d\u00e9tecter la pression par l&rsquo;\u00e9tirement de la peau. L&rsquo;\u00e9piderme basal abrite les disques de Merkel, qui sont charg\u00e9s de d\u00e9tecter la structure et la texture. Enfin, les MBS de la fibres C d\u00e9tectent les sensations de toucher l\u00e9ger.<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Les informations proprioceptives fortes sont re\u00e7ues par le cerveau par l&rsquo;interm\u00e9diaire des r\u00e9cepteurs situ\u00e9s dans le muscle. Ces r\u00e9cepteurs sont appel\u00e9s <a href=\"\/Muscle_spindles\" title=\"Muscle spindles\">fuseaux neuromusculaires<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup> Les fuseaux neuromusculaires sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les plus importants propriocepteurs. Ils sont activ\u00e9s par l&rsquo;\u00e9tirement du muscle et pr\u00e9sentent une grande sensibilit\u00e9 aux petits et rapides changements de longueur du muscle. Cette sensation d&rsquo;\u00e9tirement m\u00e9canique est transport\u00e9e vers la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re par les ganglions de la racine dorsale et le SNC re\u00e7oit cette information par l&rsquo;interm\u00e9diaire de fibres nerveuses aff\u00e9rentes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Proprioception_and_Ageing\">La proprioception et le vieillissement <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Proprioception and Ageing\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Proprioception and Ageing\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Plusieurs \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que le vieillissement affecte n\u00e9gativement les fuseaux neuromusculaires et leurs voies neurales, ce qui entra\u00eene une diminution de la sensibilit\u00e9 et de l&rsquo;acuit\u00e9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Dans une \u00e9tude men\u00e9e par Skinner et al., <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup> il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 que les sujets \u00e2g\u00e9s avaient la plus mauvaise proprioception en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 un mouvement passif par rapport au groupe plus jeune.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup> Kaplan et ses coll\u00e8gues <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup> ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les changements de la proprioception li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge et ont confirm\u00e9 une diminution de la proprioception chez les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es par rapport aux personnes plus jeunes.<\/p>\n<p>Au <i>niveau p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique,<\/i> le d\u00e9clin de la proprioception li\u00e9 au vieillissement implique des modifications du fuseau neuromusculaire et de sa fonction, ainsi que des d\u00e9ficits dans le traitement des entr\u00e9es sensorielles.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup> Les modifications du fuseau neuromusculaire comprennent une diminution du nombre total de fibres musculaires intrafusales et de fibres de cha\u00eene nucl\u00e9aire par fuseau et une augmentation de l&rsquo;\u00e9paisseur de la capsule du fuseau.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup> Le d\u00e9ficit de traitement se caract\u00e9rise par des anomalies de la my\u00e9line, une atrophie axonale et une diminution de la vitesse de conduction nerveuse.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_9-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup> Les changements suivants qui se produisent dans le <i>syst\u00e8me nerveux central<\/i> sont responsables d&rsquo;un d\u00e9clin de la proprioception :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Perte progressive du syst\u00e8me de dendrites dans le cortex moteur <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_9-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Perte du nombre de neurones et de r\u00e9cepteurs <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_9-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Changements neurochimiques dans le cerveau <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_9-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Intrinsic_foot_muscles.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6a\/Intrinsic_foot_muscles.png\/300px-Intrinsic_foot_muscles.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6a\/Intrinsic_foot_muscles.png\/450px-Intrinsic_foot_muscles.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6a\/Intrinsic_foot_muscles.png\/600px-Intrinsic_foot_muscles.png 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Intrinsic_foot_muscles.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Muscles intrins\u00e8ques du pied<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Proprioception_and_Muscles_of_the_Foot\">La proprioception et les muscles du pied <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Proprioception and Muscles of the Foot\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Proprioception and Muscles of the Foot\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La th\u00e9orie de la stabilit\u00e9 centrale a \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois par Panjabi. <sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup> Elle d\u00e9crit l&rsquo;interd\u00e9pendance fonctionnelle entre les sous-syst\u00e8mes passifs (structures osseuses et articulaires), actifs (muscles et tendons) et neuraux (r\u00e9cepteurs sensoriels) qui sont responsables de la mobilit\u00e9 et de la stabilit\u00e9 de la colonne vert\u00e9brale. Le m\u00eame concept appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la cheville et au pied a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit par McKeon en 2013. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup> L&rsquo;id\u00e9e de centre du pied, \u00ab\u00a0foot core\u00a0\u00bb, explique le r\u00f4le des muscles du pied. Il est constitu\u00e9 des muscles <a href=\"\/Ankle_and_Foot\" title=\"Ankle and Foot\">intrins\u00e8ques<\/a> plantaires ayant un lien fonctionnel avec les deux <a href=\"\/Arches_of_the_Foot\" title=\"Arches of the Foot\">arches du pied.<\/a> <sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Le sous-syst\u00e8me actif du pied :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Offre un soutien dynamique local<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9tecte la position du pied<\/li>\n<li>Assure le contr\u00f4le postural<\/li>\n<li>Contr\u00f4le activement l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre en position debout<\/li>\n<li>Contr\u00f4le la position du pied sur un terrain irr\u00e9gulier<\/li>\n<li>Facilite un recrutement plus important des muscles lorsqu&rsquo;une charge suppl\u00e9mentaire est appliqu\u00e9e <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les chercheurs continuent d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier le r\u00f4le des muscles intrins\u00e8ques du pied dans la proprioception. Il est sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que les muscles intrins\u00e8ques fournissent des informations sensorielles imm\u00e9diates lorsque des changements dans l&rsquo;alignement du pied se produisent.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_11-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup> De plus, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu que ces muscles r\u00e9pondent bien \u00e0 l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement et que leur sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9formation peut \u00eatre modifi\u00e9e.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_11-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup> Les muscles intrins\u00e8ques sont sensibles \u00e0 la fatigue et, selon Hiemstra et al, <sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup> la fatigue musculaire peut affecter n\u00e9gativement la perception de la position articulaire dans diff\u00e9rentes zones des membres inf\u00e9rieurs.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Visual_\/_Vestibular_Systems_and_Proprioception\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Visual_.2F_Vestibular_Systems_and_Proprioception\">La proprioception et les syst\u00e8mes visuel et vestibulaire <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Visual \/ Vestibular Systems and Proprioception\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Visual \/ Vestibular Systems and Proprioception\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>\u00ab\u00a0Le syst\u00e8me vestibulaire est un syst\u00e8me sensoriel essentiel qui fourni des contributions importantes \u00e0 notre sens subjectif du mouvement et de l&rsquo;orientation dans l&rsquo;espace.\u00a0\u00bb <sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>La vision joue un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 percevoir son corps dans l&rsquo;espace. Cela est crucial pour la pr\u00e9cision des mouvements, <sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup> mais n&rsquo;est pas n\u00e9cessaire pour qu&rsquo;une personne comprenne son appartenance \u00e0 son corps. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> Le syst\u00e8me vestibulaire est responsable de la d\u00e9tection des mouvements de la t\u00eate. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_13-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup> C&rsquo;est un aspect important du syst\u00e8me sensoriel car :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La position de la t\u00eate a un effet important sur le corps humain. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> De petits mouvements de la t\u00eate peuvent entra\u00eener une instabilit\u00e9 posturale et de perception. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_13-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Les r\u00e9sultats de la recherche montrent qu&rsquo;une position anormale de la t\u00eate modifie l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 musculaire et la proprioception.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de la t\u00eate avec un mouvement oculaire compensatoire contribue \u00e0 la proprioception et \u00e0 la posture.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Proprioception_and_Ankle_Injury\">La proprioception et les blessure \u00e0 la cheville <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Proprioception and Ankle Injury\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Edit section: Proprioception and Ankle Injury\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Lorsqu&rsquo;un traumatisme se produit au niveau des tissus, il peut entra\u00eener l&rsquo;interruption de la connexion aff\u00e9rente des cellules nerveuses qui relaient les informations sensorielles de cette partie du corps vers le cerveau. Cela peut entra\u00eener des d\u00e9ficits proprioceptifs. <sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup> Plusieurs \u00e9tudes ont examin\u00e9 la relation entre la proprioception de la cheville et les blessures \u00e0 la cheville :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Payne et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup> ont d\u00e9couvert que la proprioception de la cheville pouvait pr\u00e9dire les blessures \u00e0 la cheville chez les joueurs de basket-ball universitaire.<\/li>\n<li>Fu et ses coll\u00e8gues <sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup> ont observ\u00e9 qu&rsquo;un groupe de basketteurs ayant une mauvaise proprioception de la cheville pr\u00e9sentait des sch\u00e9mas diff\u00e9rents de recrutement musculaire et un risque plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de blessure \u00e0 la cheville pendant les activit\u00e9s sportives.<\/li>\n<li>Une revue syst\u00e9matique r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Witchalls et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup> a montr\u00e9 que la proprioception de la cheville est associ\u00e9e aux blessures \u00e0 la cheville.<\/li>\n<li>Dans une revue syst\u00e9matique et une m\u00e9ta-analyse, Xhu et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup> ont constat\u00e9 que les patients souffrant d&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 chronique de la cheville pr\u00e9sentaient des troubles de la kinesth\u00e9sie et de la perception de la position articulaire par rapport aux personnes en bonne sant\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Des \u00e9tudes sur l&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 chronique de la cheville ont montr\u00e9 une augmentation des seuils des m\u00e9canor\u00e9cepteurs et une diminution de l&rsquo;acuit\u00e9 proprioceptive.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les personnes souffrant d&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 chronique de la cheville pr\u00e9sentent des d\u00e9ficiences sensorielles caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par une augmentation des seuils des m\u00e9canor\u00e9cepteurs et une diminution de l&rsquo;acuit\u00e9 proprioceptive. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> Il est sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que le traitement de ces d\u00e9ficiences devrait inclure les voies sensorielles.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Proprioception_Retraining\">R\u00e9entra\u00eenement de la proprioception <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Proprioception Retraining\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Edit section: Proprioception Retraining\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Lorsqu&rsquo;une blessure survient, elle n&rsquo;affecte pas seulement les tissus. Les effets r\u00e9siduels d&rsquo;une blessure incluent une alt\u00e9ration de la proprioception avec perte de l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre, une alt\u00e9ration du contr\u00f4le postural et de la perception de la position des articulations, et une alt\u00e9ration de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 du fuseau neuromusculaire. <sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup> Ces modifications de la proprioception doivent faire l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une r\u00e9adaptation par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Manipulation externe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de th\u00e9rapies d&rsquo;int\u00e9gration sensorielle ciblant l&rsquo;apport proprioceptif <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les principes de base du r\u00e9entra\u00eenement de la proprioception sont les suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Commencer simplement et lentement<\/li>\n<li>Donner de bonnes instructions<\/li>\n<li>Ne pas menacer le patient<\/li>\n<li>Les t\u00e2ches ne doivent pas induire une douleur plus que minimale<\/li>\n<li>Offrir une r\u00e9compense <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Intrinsics.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Intrinsics.png\/300px-Intrinsics.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"145\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Intrinsics.png\/450px-Intrinsics.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Intrinsics.png\/600px-Intrinsics.png 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Intrinsics.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Exercices des muscles intrins\u00e8ques du pied<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Intrinsics_with_resistance.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Intrinsics_with_resistance.png\/300px-Intrinsics_with_resistance.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"149\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Intrinsics_with_resistance.png\/450px-Intrinsics_with_resistance.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Intrinsics_with_resistance.png\/600px-Intrinsics_with_resistance.png 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Intrinsics_with_resistance.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Exercices des muscles intrins\u00e8ques du pied<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Short_Foot_Exercises\">Les exercices Short Foot (Short Foot Exercises) <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Short Foot Exercises\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Edit section: Short Foot Exercises\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 centrale du pied est essentielle au bon fonctionnement biom\u00e9canique du syst\u00e8me musculosquelettique de l&rsquo;extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieure. <sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup> L&rsquo;entra\u00eenement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre visant \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la proprioception de la cheville et \u00e0 augmenter la force des muscles intrins\u00e8ques du pied est appel\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Short Foot Exercise\u00a0\u00bb (SFE) L&rsquo;objectif final des SFE est l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration de l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre dynamique debout. <sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup> L&rsquo;entra\u00eenement en SFE inclut des exercices qui tirent la t\u00eate du premier m\u00e9tatarsien vers le calcan\u00e9um. Les orteils ne doivent pas \u00eatre recourb\u00e9s. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:13_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:13-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Les avantages de l&rsquo;inclusion d&rsquo;exercices short foot dans les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tapes de l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement proprioceptif apr\u00e8s une blessure \u00e0 la cheville sont les suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stimulation du neurocircuit de la plante du pied<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Am\u00e9lioration de la stabilit\u00e9 posturale et centrale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Am\u00e9lioration de la proprioception<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Selon Lee et al, <sup id=\"cite_ref-:13_23-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:13-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup> l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement aux SFE chez des personnes souffrant d&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 chronique de la cheville entra\u00eene une am\u00e9lioration de la proprioception et de l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre dynamique. Ils ont constat\u00e9 que ce type d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement \u00e9tait plus efficace qu&rsquo;un entra\u00eenement standard d&rsquo;exercices sensoriels proprioceptifs. Les auteurs ont \u00e9galement conclu que les SFE pourrait faciliter un retour plus rapide aux activit\u00e9s de la vie quotidienne et aux sports lorsqu&rsquo;ils sont commenc\u00e9e t\u00f4t.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:13_23-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:13-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Voici les lignes directrices en ce qui concerne les SFE :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Semaines 1 \u00e0 4 : position assise avec les deux pieds sur le stabilisateur, hanches, genoux et chevilles \u00e0 90\u00ba de flexion pour stabiliser le corps <sup id=\"cite_ref-:13_23-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:13-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Semaines 5 \u00e0 8 : se tenir debout sur 2 pieds<\/li>\n<li>Semaines 5 \u00e0 9 : se tenir debout sur une jambe<\/li>\n<li>Les SFE sont maintenus pendant 5 secondes et sont \u00e9x\u00e9cut\u00e9s \u00e0 raison de 12 r\u00e9p\u00e9titions par session d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement, avec une p\u00e9riode de repos de 2 minutes entre les blocs <sup id=\"cite_ref-:13_23-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:13-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Effectuer trois s\u00e9ries, 3 fois par semaine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>Pour en savoir plus sur un protocole de renforcement des muscles intrins\u00e8ques du pied, <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/Paradigm_Shift-_Ankle_Rehabilitation_Progression#Guide_to_Exercises\">cliquez ici<\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Foot_Massage_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1799310655.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/39\/Foot_Massage_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1799310655.jpg\/300px-Foot_Massage_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1799310655.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/39\/Foot_Massage_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1799310655.jpg\/450px-Foot_Massage_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1799310655.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/39\/Foot_Massage_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1799310655.jpg\/600px-Foot_Massage_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1799310655.jpg 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Foot_Massage_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1799310655.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Massage du pied<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Sensory_Targeted_Ankle_Rehabilitation_Strategies\">Strat\u00e9gies de r\u00e9adaptation de la cheville \u00e0 vis\u00e9e sensoriel<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Sensory Targeted Ankle Rehabilitation Strategies\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Edit section: Sensory Targeted Ankle Rehabilitation Strategies\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les Sensory targeted ankle rehabilitation strategies (STARS) (strat\u00e9gies de r\u00e9adaptation de la cheville \u00e0 vis\u00e9e sensorielle) consistent en trois interventions : mobilisation articulaire, massage plantaire et \u00e9tirement du triceps sural. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:14_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:14-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup> Le protocole de traitement inclut six traitements de cinq minutes pour chaque composante des STARS, sur une p\u00e9riode de deux semaines. La recherche montre que le massage plantaire et la mobilisation articulaire offrent les meilleurs r\u00e9sultats en mati\u00e8re de fonction sensorimotrice chez les personnes souffrant d&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 chronique \u00e0 la cheville. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:14_24-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:14-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup> Feldbrugge et ses coll\u00e8gues <sup id=\"cite_ref-:15_25-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:15-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup> sugg\u00e8rent que la mobilisation des articulations et l&rsquo;\u00e9tirement des mollets peuvent am\u00e9liorer la dorsiflexion de la cheville et la performance fonctionnelle autod\u00e9clar\u00e9e chez les personnes souffrant d&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 chronique \u00e0 la cheville..<sup id=\"cite_ref-:15_25-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:15-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><i><a href=\"\/Manual_Therapy\" title=\"Th\u00e9rapie manuelle\">Mobilisation des articulations<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oSQK6Z6i0nI?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><i><a href=\"\/Massage\" title=\"Massage\">Massage plantaire<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consiste en une combinaison de p\u00e9trissage et d&rsquo;effleurage de l&rsquo;ensemble de la face plantaire du pied <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Non sp\u00e9cifique au temps pass\u00e9 \u00e0 utiliser l&rsquo;une ou l&rsquo;autre des techniques ou \u00e0 l&rsquo;endroit du massage <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Une \u00e9tude a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 une am\u00e9lioration de 30 % des r\u00e9sultats du traitement en effectuant un massage plantaire avant de r\u00e9aliser des exercices de r\u00e9adaptation <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 258px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 250px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WkhPPr-MmSg?\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-right\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 258px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 250px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2TPVQO_7H3w?\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-right\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><i><a href=\"\/Stretching\" title=\"Stretching\">\u00c9tirement du triceps sural (muscles du mollet)<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nCCkSUHgwGQ?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Textured_Surfaces_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1887304372.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Textured_Surfaces_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1887304372.jpg\/300px-Textured_Surfaces_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1887304372.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Textured_Surfaces_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1887304372.jpg\/450px-Textured_Surfaces_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1887304372.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Textured_Surfaces_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1887304372.jpg\/600px-Textured_Surfaces_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1887304372.jpg 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Textured_Surfaces_-_Shutterstock_Image_-_ID_1887304372.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Surface textur\u00e9e<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"External_Devices\">Dispositifs externes <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: External Devices\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Edit section: External Devices\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les m\u00e9thodes et dispositifs suivants peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour stimuler les signaux proprioceptifs cutan\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Semelles int\u00e9rieures textur\u00e9es :\n<ul>\n<li>Selon Corbin et al, <sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup> les semelles textur\u00e9es fournissent des informations aff\u00e9rentes accrues au syst\u00e8me nerveux central, ce qui entra\u00eene une am\u00e9lioration du contr\u00f4le postural en station debout sur deux pieds.<\/li>\n<li>Steinberg et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup> ont constat\u00e9 que l&rsquo;utilisation de semelles textur\u00e9es chez les danseurs masculins am\u00e9liorait leur \u00e9quilibre postural dynamique, d\u00e9montrant ainsi son effet b\u00e9n\u00e9fique sur la proprioception du pied.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00e9thode de taping Kinesio :\n<ul>\n<li>Une \u00e9tude de Halseth et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-32\">(32)<\/a><\/sup> a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la m\u00e9thode de taping Kinesio ne semble pas am\u00e9liorer la proprioception chez les <i>individus en bonne sant\u00e9.<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Une revue syst\u00e9matique par Wilson et Bialocerkowski <sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-33\">(33)<\/a><\/sup> fournit des recommandations pour l&rsquo;utilisation de la m\u00e9thode de taping Kinesio dans la pratique clinique pour pr\u00e9venir les blessures lat\u00e9rales de la cheville en raison de ses effets positifs sur la proprioception, l&rsquo;endurance musculaire et la performance des activit\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Surfaces d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement utilis\u00e9es dans la pratique clinique &#8211; demi-balle d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre, planche d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre, entra\u00eenement multi-stations sur 12 surfaces diff\u00e9rentes, BOSU, Swiss ball : <sup id=\"cite_ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Aucune am\u00e9lioration de la fonction \/ stabilit\u00e9 de la cheville <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Il peut \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire de commencer plus tard dans le processus de r\u00e9adaptation <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Elle peut faire figer le patient parce que la comp\u00e9tence requise est trop exigeante <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Selon Donovan et al, <sup id=\"cite_ref-35\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-35\">(35)<\/a><\/sup> les dispositifs de d\u00e9stabilisation introduits dans un programme de r\u00e9adaptation de 4 semaines ont am\u00e9lior\u00e9 la dorsiflexion pendant la phase d&rsquo;appui de la marche, mais n&rsquo;ont eu aucun effet sur l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration du mouvement dans le plan frontal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"External_Supports\">Supports externes <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: External Supports\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Edit section: External Supports\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les supports externes ne sont pas sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 la r\u00e9adaptation en tant que traitement autonome. Un programme de r\u00e9adaptation ultime doit comprendre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Une combinaison de la r\u00e9adaptation dynamique en cha\u00eene ferm\u00e9e <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Pieds plac\u00e9s sur une surface textur\u00e9e, ferme et stable, avec des indices verbaux, par un th\u00e9rapeute superviseur <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Un retour visuel (miroir) et un support externe <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Une m\u00e9ta-analyse en r\u00e9seau r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Tsikopoulos et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:16_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:16-36\">(36)<\/a><\/sup> a conclu que les soutiens externes (bandages, attelles, semelles, combinaison de semelles et d&rsquo;attelles) ne permettaient pas d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer le contr\u00f4le postural dynamique chez les personnes souffrant d&rsquo;une entorse de la cheville. Les auteurs sugg\u00e8rent que l&rsquo;utilisation de supports externes en tant qu&rsquo;option ind\u00e9pendante dans la r\u00e9adaptation de l&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 de la cheville ne conduit pas \u00e0 un meilleur r\u00e9sultat et qu&rsquo;une combinaison de r\u00e9adaptation et de supports externes pourraient \u00eatre plus efficaces.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:16_36-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:16-36\">(36)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Tests_for_Proprioception\">Tests de proprioception <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Tests for Proprioception\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Edit section: Tests for Proprioception\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>La description et le protocole de test du <a href=\"\/Balance_Error_Scoring_System\" title=\"Balance Error Scoring System\">Balance Error Scoring System<\/a> (BESS) se trouvent <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/idph.iowa.gov\/Portals\/1\/Files\/ACBI\/BESS%20manual%20310.pdf\">ici<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vCLjgBxBcd0?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-37\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-37\">(37)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le <a href=\"\/Star_Excursion_Balance_Test\" title=\"Star Excursion Balance Test\">Test d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre \u00e0 excursion en \u00e9toile<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li>Mesure fiable et valide en tant que test dynamique pour pr\u00e9dire le risque de blessure aux membres inf\u00e9rieurs <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Utilis\u00e9 pour identifier les d\u00e9ficits d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre dynamique chez les patients <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9pond aux programmes d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement tant chez les personnes en bonne sant\u00e9 que chez les personnes souffrant de blessures aux membres inf\u00e9rieurs <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_4-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zSGX7ZRXmx0?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-38\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-38\">(38)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Resources\">Ressources<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Resources\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Edit section: Resources\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Prevent Ankle Sprains With Balance and Proprioception Exercises. Disponible sur : <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/prevent-ankle-sprains-with-proprioception-training-4115970\">https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/prevent-ankle-sprains-with-proprioception-training-4115970<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Effect of proprioceptive training on postural balance in patients with chronic ankle instability. Disponible sur : <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/efsupit.rohttps:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/stories\/ianuarie2021\/Art%201.pdf\">https:\/\/efsupit.rohttps:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/stories\/ianuarie2021\/Art%201.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pavailler S, Hintzy F, Horvais N, Forestier N. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13047-016-0140-y\">Cutaneous stimulation at the ankle: a differential effect on proprioceptive postural control according to the participants&rsquo; preferred sensory strategy<\/a>. J Foot Ankle Res. 2016 Mar 8;9:9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Proprioception_of_the_Ankle&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-:6-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_1-0\">1.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_1-1\">1.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Blecher R, Heinemann-Yerushalmi L, Assaraf E, Konstantin N, Chapman JR, Cope TC, Bewick GS, Banks RW, Zelzer E. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.2017.0327\">New functions for the proprioceptive system in skeletal biology.<\/a> Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018 Sep 24;373(1759):20170327. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Kahn J, Shwartz Y, Blitz E, Krief S, Sharir A, Breitel DA, Rattenbach R, Relaix F, Maire P, Rountree RB, Kingsley DM, Zelzer E. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/action\/showPdf?pii=S1534-5807%2809%2900175-0\">Muscle contraction is necessary to maintain joint progenitor cell fate<\/a>. Dev Cell. 2009 May;16(5):734-43.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_3-0\">3.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_3-1\">3.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Grigg PW. Peripheral Neural Mechanisms in Proprioception. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation,1994;3: 2-17. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-0\">4.00<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-1\">4.01<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-2\">4.02<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-3\">4.03<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-4\">4.04<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-5\">4.05<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-6\">4.06<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-7\">4.07<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-8\">4.08<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-9\">4.09<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-10\">4.10<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-11\">4.11<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-12\">4.12<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-13\">4.13<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-14\">4.14<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-15\">4.15<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-16\">4.16<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-17\">4.17<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-18\">4.18<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-19\">4.19<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-20\">4.20<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-21\">4.21<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-22\">4.22<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-23\">4.23<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_4-24\">4.24<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Simpson H. 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