{"id":3210,"date":"2022-10-10T21:29:39","date_gmt":"2022-10-10T21:29:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/developing-physically-active-and-sporty-kids-benefits-and-barriers-fr\/"},"modified":"2022-10-13T09:27:15","modified_gmt":"2022-10-13T09:27:15","slug":"developing-physically-active-and-sporty-kids-benefits-and-barriers-fr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/developing-physically-active-and-sporty-kids-benefits-and-barriers-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9velopper des enfants physiquement actifs et sportifs &#8211; Avantages et contraintes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\"> <b>\u00c9diteur original <\/b>&#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\">Jess Bell<\/a> bas\u00e9 sur le cours de <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/course_tutor\/tracy-prowse\/\">Tracy Prowse<\/a><br \/>\n<b>Principaux contributeurs<\/b> &#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Wanda_van_Niekerk\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Wanda van Niekerk\"><bdi>Wanda van Niekerk<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Olajumoke_Ogunleye\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Olajumoke Ogunleye\"><bdi>Olajumoke Ogunleye<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Naomi_O%27Reilly\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Naomi O'Reilly\"><bdi>Naomi O&rsquo;Reilly<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Tarina_van_der_Stockt\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Tarina van der Stockt\"><bdi>Tarina van der Stockt<\/bdi><\/a> et <a href=\"\/User:Cindy_John-Chu\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Cindy John-Chu\"><bdi>Cindy John-Chu<\/bdi><\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input type=\"checkbox\" role=\"button\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"toctogglespan\"><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"><\/label><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Obesity\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Ob\u00e9sit\u00e9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Physical_Activity\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Activit\u00e9 physique<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Physical_Activity_and_Injury_Prevention_Campaigns\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Campagnes d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique et de pr\u00e9vention des blessures<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Exercise_Recommendations\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Recommandations pour l&rsquo;exercice<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Benefits_of_Exercise\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Les bienfaits de l&rsquo;exercice<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Exercise_and_the_Brain\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">L&rsquo;exercice et le cerveau<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Why_Does_Exercise_Affect_the_Brain.3F\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Pourquoi l&rsquo;exercice physique affecte-t-il le cerveau ?<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#What_Type_of_Exercise_is_Best.3F\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Quel est le meilleur type d&rsquo;exercice ?<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Exercise_and_Motor_Ability\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">L&rsquo;exercice et la capacit\u00e9 motrice<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Exercise_Interventions_for_Motor_Ability\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Interventions d&rsquo;exercice pour la capacit\u00e9 motrice<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#A_Child.E2.80.99s_Body_Make-Up\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Le corps de l&rsquo;enfant<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Summary\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">10<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">11<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<a href=\"\/Physical_Activity\" title=\"Physical Activity\">activit\u00e9 physique<\/a> se distingue de l&rsquo;exercice. L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 tout mouvement, tel que la marche, le v\u00e9lo, les sports, les loisirs actifs et le jeu. Des personnes de tout niveau de comp\u00e9tence peuvent profiter de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;exercice est une sous-cat\u00e9gorie sp\u00e9cifique de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une activit\u00e9 planifi\u00e9e, structur\u00e9e, r\u00e9p\u00e9titive et cibl\u00e9e, dont le but ultime est d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer ou de maintenir la condition physique.<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique am\u00e9liore la sant\u00e9 des enfants et r\u00e9duit les facteurs de risque d&rsquo;une mauvaise sant\u00e9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Obesity\">Obesity<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Obesity\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Obesity\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Depuis 1997, l&rsquo;Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS) consid\u00e8re l&rsquo;<a href=\"\/Obesity\" title=\"Obesity\">ob\u00e9sit\u00e9<\/a> comme un probl\u00e8me majeur de sant\u00e9 publique et une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie mondiale. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> La pr\u00e9valence de l&rsquo;ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 a consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 au cours des 40 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. On pr\u00e9voit que, si cette tendance se poursuit, la majorit\u00e9 des adultes seront en surpoids ou ob\u00e8ses d&rsquo;ici 2030.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Dans le monde, 38,3 millions d&rsquo;enfants de moins de 5 ans (soit 5,6 %) sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme ob\u00e8ses. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup> Plus les enfants sont longtemps en surpoids ou ob\u00e8ses, plus ils risquent d&rsquo;\u00eatre ob\u00e8ses \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge adulte. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Depuis 2000, le nombre d&rsquo;enfants de moins de 5 ans en surpoids a augment\u00e9 de pr\u00e8s de 24 % en Afrique. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>En Afrique du Sud, l&rsquo;ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 infantile pourrait \u00eatre li\u00e9e aux croyances et pratiques culturelles <sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>En 2019, pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 des enfants de moins de 5 ans en surpoids ou ob\u00e8ses vivaient en Asie. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Dans certains contextes, il peut y avoir une double cons\u00e9quence de malnutrition : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Cela signifie que si un pays peut conna\u00eetre des probl\u00e8mes de d\u00e9nutrition et de <a href=\"\/Communicable_Diseases\" title=\"Communicable Diseases\">maladies transmissibles<\/a>, il conna\u00eet \u00e9galement une augmentation des <a href=\"\/Non-Communicable_Diseases\" title=\"Non-Communicable Diseases\">maladies non transmissibles<\/a> associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, en particulier dans les centres urbains.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Les enfants des pays \u00e0 revenu faible et interm\u00e9diaire sont plus susceptibles d&rsquo;\u00eatre : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Vuln\u00e9rable \u00e0 une <a href=\"\/Nutrition\" title=\"Nutrition\">nutrition<\/a> inad\u00e9quate pr\u00e9-natale, infantile et du jeune enfant<\/li>\n<li>Expos\u00e9 \u00e0 des r\u00e9gimes carenc\u00e9s en micronutriments, \u00e0 forte densit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, mais comprenant des aliments \u00e0 forte teneur en sucre et en \u00e9nergie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lorsqu&rsquo;associ\u00e9s \u00e0 un manque d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique (voir ci-dessous), ces facteurs alimentaires peuvent provoquer l&rsquo;ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 chez les enfants. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup> Il existe \u00e9galement une association entre le statut socio-\u00e9conomique et l&rsquo;adiposit\u00e9 (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire le taux de graisse), <sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup> l&rsquo;ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 \u00e9tant plus fr\u00e9quente dans les groupes \u00e0 faible revenu. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AxJY14ZCnuc?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Physical_Activity\">Activit\u00e9 physique <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Physical Activity\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Physical Activity\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>De nombreux enfants et adolescents ne sont pas suffisamment actifs. En particulier, le niveau d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique diminue souvent chez les enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 9 \u00e0 15 ans.<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La diminution des niveaux d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique peut \u00eatre due \u00e0 : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;arri\u00e8re-cour qui r\u00e9tr\u00e9cit<\/li>\n<li>Le danger per\u00e7u \/ r\u00e9el de laisser les enfants jouer dehors<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;utilisation accrue de la technologie<\/li>\n<li>La diminution des niveaux d&rsquo;exercice al\u00e9atoires<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les taux d&rsquo;abandon des sports organis\u00e9s sont \u00e9galement \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Ceci est abord\u00e9 plus en d\u00e9tail <a href=\"\/Physical,_Cognitive_and_Psychosocial_Development_in_Early_and_Middle_Childhood_-_Modern_Lifestyles_and_Classroom_Ethos\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Physical, Cognitive and Psychosocial Development in Early and Middle Childhood - Modern Lifestyles and Classroom Ethos\">ici<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>De plus, selon la Chartered Society of Physiotherapists, <sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup> seuls 20 % des parents savent quelle quantit\u00e9 d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique \/ d&rsquo;exercice leurs enfants devraient faire chaque jour.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Physical_Activity_and_Injury_Prevention_Campaigns\">Campagnes d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique et de pr\u00e9vention des blessures <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Physical Activity and Injury Prevention Campaigns\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Physical Activity and Injury Prevention Campaigns\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>De nombreuses campagnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es pour encourager l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique, notamment :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les Campagnes \u00a0\u00bbPour votre sant\u00e9, bougez !\u00a0\u00bb (<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/health-education\/hed-events\/move-for-health-day.html\">Move-for-Health<\/a>) de l&rsquo;Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.exerciseismedicine.org\/\">\u00a0\u00bbExercise is Medicine\u00a0\u00bb<\/a>, du Coll\u00e8ge am\u00e9ricain de m\u00e9decine du sport.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stopsportsinjuries.org\/STOP\/Prevent\/STOP\/Prevent_Injuries\/preventinjuries.aspx?hkey=605a1398-5a54-49ab-924e-7f55965d8409\">STOP (Sports Trauma and Overuse Prevention) les blessures sportives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/mrdca.nsw.cricket.com.au\/files\/2955\/files\/Australian_Crickets_Playing_Policy_and_Guidelines.pdf\">Well Played<\/a> de Cricket Australia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement de partenariats entre les secteurs de la sant\u00e9 et de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation pourrait aider \u00e0 atteindre les objectifs en mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique chez les enfants. Les physioth\u00e9rapeutes peuvent \u00e9galement contribuer \u00e0 donner aux parents et aux enseignants des moyens d&rsquo;encourager l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique chez les enfants.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Exercise_Recommendations\">Recommandations pour l&rsquo;exercice <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Exercise Recommendations\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Exercise Recommendations\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Voici des recommandations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales en mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;exercices : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les enfants devraient viser une heure d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique par jour.<\/li>\n<li>Leur rythme cardiaque doit augmenter, mais la conversation doit rester possible.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;exercice\/activit\u00e9 peut \u00eatre r\u00e9parti sur la journ\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li>Les adultes devraient s&rsquo;efforcer de faire 30 minutes d&rsquo;exercice presque tous les jours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De plus amples informations sur les niveaux d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique recommand\u00e9s pour les enfants sont disponibles <a href=\"\/Physical,_Cognitive_and_Emotional_Development_of_Children_-_Assessment_and_Exercise_Interventions\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Physical, Cognitive and Emotional Development of Children - Assessment and Exercise Interventions\">ici<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Benefits_of_Exercise\">Les avantages de l&rsquo;exercice <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Benefits of Exercise\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Edit section: Benefits of Exercise\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique pr\u00e9sente de nombreux avantages pour les enfants. <sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup> Il am\u00e9liore la sant\u00e9 cardiovasculaire, renforce les os, les muscles et le tissu conjonctif et am\u00e9liore la condition physique et l&rsquo;athl\u00e9tisme. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Exercise_and_the_Brain\">L&rsquo;exercice et le cerveau <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Exercise and the Brain\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Edit section: Exercise and the Brain\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;exercice a \u00e9galement un impact positif sur le cerveau.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La m\u00e9moire et l&rsquo;apprentissage sont am\u00e9lior\u00e9s chez les enfants plus actifs. <sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Les r\u00e9sultats en lecture et en math\u00e9matiques sont meilleurs chez les enfants qui sont plus actifs, <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> y compris ceux souffrant d&rsquo;un <a href=\"\/Physical,_Cognitive_and_Emotional_Development_of_Children_-_Developmental_Disabilities\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Physical, Cognitive and Emotional Development of Children - Developmental Disabilities\">trouble de d\u00e9ficit d&rsquo;attention avec hyperactivit\u00e9<\/a> (TDAH). <sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Le contr\u00f4le descendant (c.-\u00e0-d. la fonction ex\u00e9cutive) s&rsquo;am\u00e9liore avec l&rsquo;exercice <sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-16\">(16) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Cela a des implications positives pour les enfants atteints de TDAH <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Pontifex et coll\u00e8gues <sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup> ont constat\u00e9 que l&rsquo;exercice a\u00e9robique d&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e peut am\u00e9liorer la fonction neurocognitive et le contr\u00f4le inhibiteur chez les enfants atteints de TDAH<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VUSIVuXiWUo?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Why_Does_Exercise_Affect_the_Brain?\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Why_Does_Exercise_Affect_the_Brain.3F\">Pourquoi l&rsquo;exercice physique affecte-t-il le cerveau ? <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Why Does Exercise Affect the Brain?\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Edit section: Why Does Exercise Affect the Brain?\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique am\u00e9liore l&rsquo;apprentissage et la neurogen\u00e8se hippocampique (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire la croissance de nouvelles cellules nerveuses dans l&rsquo;hippocampe) <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_13-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-13\">(13) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup> <sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique et une alimentation riche en produits naturels peuvent : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_13-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-13\">(13) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_21-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Encourager la croissance de nouveaux vaisseaux sanguins<\/li>\n<li>Am\u00e9liorer les messagers chimiques et les facteurs de croissance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ainsi, il peut \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9fique d&rsquo;encourager l&rsquo;exercice physique le matin pour augmenter la concentration de l&rsquo;enfant \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole. Les enfants pourraient \u00eatre encourag\u00e9s \u00e0 se rendre \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole \u00e0 pied, ou leurs enseignants pourraient programmer une promenade ou une course autour du terrain au d\u00e9but de chaque journ\u00e9e d&rsquo;\u00e9cole.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"What_Type_of_Exercise_is_Best?\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"What_Type_of_Exercise_is_Best.3F\">Quel est le meilleur type d&rsquo;exercice ? <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: What Type of Exercise is Best?\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Edit section: What Type of Exercise is Best?\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>On a constat\u00e9 que les diff\u00e9rents types d&rsquo;exercices ont des effets diff\u00e9rents.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;entra\u00eenement de haute intensit\u00e9 chez les adultes am\u00e9liore la sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;insuline <sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">(22) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup> et le contr\u00f4le attentionnel <sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_16-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Winter et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup> ont constat\u00e9 que chez des sujets sains, l&rsquo;apprentissage du vocabulaire \u00e9tait meilleur apr\u00e8s des sprints <a href=\"\/Anaerobic_Exercise\" title=\"Anaerobic Exercise\">ana\u00e9robiques<\/a> \u00e0 fort impact, par rapport \u00e0 une course <a href=\"\/Aerobic_Exercise\" title=\"Aerobic Exercise\">a\u00e9robique \u00e0<\/a> faible impact ou encore au repos.<\/li>\n<li>Vaisto et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup> ont conclu que :\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique totale est inversement proportionnelle au risque cardiom\u00e9tabolique et directement proportionnelle au cholest\u00e9rol \u00e0 lipoprot\u00e9ines de haute densit\u00e9 (HDL).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;association la plus forte concerne l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique non structur\u00e9e et la r\u00e9cr\u00e9ation.\n<ul>\n<li>D&rsquo;autres \u00e9tudes <sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">(26) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup> ont \u00e9galement not\u00e9 les avantages de l&rsquo;exercice physique et des activit\u00e9s de r\u00e9cr\u00e9ation pour les enfants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Le temps de repos et d&rsquo;\u00e9cran augmente le risque cardiom\u00e9tabolique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Les exercices d&rsquo;a\u00e9robie et de r\u00e9sistance sont \u00e9galement b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques :\n<ul>\n<li>Colcombe et Kramer <sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup> et Hall et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup> ont observ\u00e9 que l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement en a\u00e9robie est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 des am\u00e9liorations de la cognition, en particulier des processus de contr\u00f4le ex\u00e9cutif (planification, multit\u00e2che, m\u00e9moire de travail et gestion de l&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li>Hillman et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup> ont d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que l&rsquo;exercice d&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 vigoureuse peut am\u00e9liorer les performances cognitives et la fonction c\u00e9r\u00e9brale chez les enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 7 \u00e0 9 ans lors de t\u00e2ches n\u00e9cessitant un plus grand contr\u00f4le ex\u00e9cutif.\n<ul>\n<li>Les participants \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de Hillman et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_17-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup> ont pratiqu\u00e9 par intermittence au moins 70 minutes d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique mod\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 vigoureuse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hBSVZdTQmDs?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Exercise_and_Motor_Ability\">Exercice et capacit\u00e9 motrice<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><br \/>\n  <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><br \/>\n  <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Exercise and Motor Ability\">\u00e9diter<\/a><br \/>\n  <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><br \/>\n  <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Edit section: Exercise and Motor Ability\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a><br \/>\n  <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Il existe des donn\u00e9es probantes selon lesquelles la ma\u00eetrise des habilet\u00e9s motrices fondamentales est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique, \u00e0 l&rsquo;ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, \u00e0 l&rsquo;aptitude cardiorespiratoire et aux aptitudes au jeu de balle. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-31\">(31) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-32\">(32) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-33\">(33)<\/a><\/sup> Une mauvaise ma\u00eetrise de la motricit\u00e9 est associ\u00e9e n\u00e9gativement \u00e0 : <sup id=\"cite_ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Composition corporelle<\/li>\n<li>Forme physique<\/li>\n<li>Force et endurance musculaires<\/li>\n<li>Capacit\u00e9 ana\u00e9robique<\/li>\n<li>Puissance musculaire<\/li>\n<li>Activit\u00e9 physique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De plus, les enfants ayant une mauvaise ma\u00eetrise de la motricit\u00e9 sont plus susceptibles d&rsquo;\u00eatre en surpoids ou ob\u00e8ses. <sup id=\"cite_ref-35\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-35\">(35) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-36\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-36\">(36)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La <a href=\"\/Physical,_Cognitive_and_Emotional_Development_of_Children_-_Developmental_Disabilities\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Physical, Cognitive and Emotional Development of Children - Developmental Disabilities\">dyspraxie<\/a> peut \u00eatre un facteur de risque sp\u00e9cifique de mauvaise sant\u00e9 cardiovasculaire chez les enfants <sup id=\"cite_ref-37\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-37\">(37)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>De Waal et al.<sup id=\"cite_ref-38\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-38\">(38)<\/a><\/sup> ont constat\u00e9 que la comp\u00e9tence motrice des enfants peut \u00eatre affect\u00e9e par une augmentation de poids, mais que cet effet peut \u00eatre contr\u00e9 par la perte de poids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Exercise_Interventions_for_Motor_Ability\">Interventions d&rsquo;exercice pour la capacit\u00e9 motrice <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Exercise Interventions for Motor Ability\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Edit section: Exercise Interventions for Motor Ability\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Il existe peu de preuves quant aux interventions les plus efficaces pour les enfants ayant une mauvaise ma\u00eetrise de la motricit\u00e9. Cependant, selon Cliff et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_39-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-39\">(39)<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00ab\u00a0Les programmes d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique con\u00e7us pour les enfants souffrant de surpoids\/ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 doivent s&rsquo;attaquer aux d\u00e9ficiences en mati\u00e8re de ma\u00eetrise des capacit\u00e9s fonctionnelles motrices dans le cadre d&rsquo;une strat\u00e9gie globale visant \u00e0 promouvoir la participation \u00e0 l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Une \u00e9tude longitudinale r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2009 par Barnett et al. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_40-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-40\">(40)<\/a><\/sup> a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le fait d&rsquo;\u00eatre comp\u00e9tent en mati\u00e8re de contr\u00f4le des objets (par exemple, attraper, lancer et botter) pendant l&rsquo;enfance peut aider les jeunes \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper une perception positive de leurs comp\u00e9tences sportives.<\/li>\n<li>Cette perception pourrait accro\u00eetre l&rsquo;engagement dans l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique et am\u00e9liorer les niveaux de forme physique chez les adolescents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Barnett et al. concluent donc que :<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00ab\u00a0Les enseignants devraient \u00eatre encourag\u00e9s \u00e0 enseigner les habilet\u00e9s motrices en utilisant un environnement d&rsquo;apprentissage par la ma\u00eetrise o\u00f9 l&rsquo;enfant est capable de r\u00e9ussir et est encourag\u00e9 \u00e0 s&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer personnellement, ce qui peut conduire \u00e0 des niveaux plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de plaisir et \u00e0 des niveaux plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de comp\u00e9tence per\u00e7ue.\u00a0\u00bb <sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_40-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-40\">(40)<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ainsi, les interventions qui visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique et la participation des enfants devraient se concentrer sur les \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Contr\u00f4le du poids<\/li>\n<li>Entra\u00eenement de la comp\u00e9tence motrice<\/li>\n<li>Renforcer la motivation intrins\u00e8que<\/li>\n<li>Les programmes de sport et d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation physique doivent \u00e9galement r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de tous les \u00e9l\u00e8ves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_X0mgOOSpLU?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-41\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-41\">(41)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"A_Child\u2019s_Body_Make-Up\"><\/span><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"A_Child.E2.80.99s_Body_Make-Up\">Le corps de l&rsquo;enfant <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: A Child\u2019s Body Make-Up\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Edit section: A Child\u2019s Body Make-Up\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Du tissu conjonctif se trouve dans les muscles, les ligaments, les organes environnants et les os. Il soutient, ancre et relie les diff\u00e9rentes parties du corps. Un faible tonus du tissu conjonctif peut \u00eatre appel\u00e9 \u00e0 tort \u00ab\u00a0faible tonus musculaire\u00a0\u00bb ou hypotonie.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Beighton_Score.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/82\/Beighton_Score.png\/300px-Beighton_Score.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"155\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/82\/Beighton_Score.png\/450px-Beighton_Score.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/8\/82\/Beighton_Score.png 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Beighton_Score.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Figure 1. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Beighton.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Un faible tonus du tissu conjonctif (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire une <a href=\"\/Benign_Joint_Hypermobility_Syndrome\" title=\"Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome\">hypermobilit\u00e9<\/a> ou une laxit\u00e9 accrue du tissu conjonctif) peut avoir un impact sur la participation d&rsquo;un enfant \u00e0 une activit\u00e9 physique. Cela peut augmenter la pr\u00e9disposition d&rsquo;un enfant aux blessures, <sup id=\"cite_ref-42\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-42\">(42)<\/a><\/sup> et est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 des d\u00e9ficits de coordination ou de force. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_3-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Le tissu conjonctif peut \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de l&rsquo;<a href=\"\/Beighton_score\" title=\"Beighton score\">\u00e9chelle de Beighton<\/a> (figure 1). De plus amples informations sur le manque de tonus du tissu conjonctif sont disponibles <a href=\"\/Physical,_Cognitive_and_Emotional_Development_of_Children_-_Developmental_Disabilities\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Physical, Cognitive and Emotional Development of Children - Developmental Disabilities\">ici<\/a> et une discussion d\u00e9taill\u00e9e sur le syndrome d&rsquo;hypermobilit\u00e9 articulaire b\u00e9nigne (SHBG) est disponible <a href=\"\/Benign_Joint_Hypermobility_Syndrome\" title=\"Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome\">ici<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Summary\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Summary\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Edit section: Summary\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Les niveaux d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique sont en baisse, mais l&rsquo;ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 augmente chez les enfants et les jeunes.<\/li>\n<li>Les avantages du maintien d&rsquo;un poids sain et de la pratique r\u00e9guli\u00e8re d&rsquo;un exercice physique sont bien connus.<\/li>\n<li>La participation \u00e0 des exercices peut \u00eatre associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 motrice et \u00e0 des conditions sp\u00e9cifiques telles qu&rsquo;un faible tonus du tissu conjonctif.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">World Health Organization. Physical activity. Available from: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/physical-activity\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/physical-activity<\/a> (accessed 4 October 2021).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1424733\/\">Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research<\/a>. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126-31. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-0\">3.00<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-1\">3.01<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-2\">3.02<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-3\">3.03<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-4\">3.04<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-5\">3.05<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-6\">3.06<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-7\">3.07<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-8\">3.08<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-9\">3.09<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-10\">3.10<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_3-11\">3.11<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Prowse T. Developing Fit and Sporty Kids &#8211; Physical Activity, Obesity, Cognition and Motor Ability Course. Plus , 2021.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-0\">4.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_4-1\">4.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Haththotuwa RN, Wijeyaratne CN, Senarath U, Chapter 1 &#8211; Worldwide epidemic of obesity. In: Mahmood TA, Arulkumaran S, Chervenak FA editors. Obesity and Obstetrics (Second Edition). Elsevier, 2020. p3-8.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_5-0\">5.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_5-1\">5.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Narzisi K, Simons J. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/1367493520917863\">Interventions that prevent or reduce obesity in children from birth to five years of age: A systematic review<\/a>. Journal of Child Health Care. 2021;25(2):320-34.\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-0\">6.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-1\">6.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-2\">6.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-3\">6.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-4\">6.4<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. Available from: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight<\/a> (accessed 4 October 2021). <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Mamabolo RL, Alberts M, Steyn NP, Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Levitt NS. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/public-health-nutrition\/article\/prevalence-and-determinants-of-stunting-and-overweight-in-3yearold-black-south-african-children-residing-in-the-central-region-of-limpopo-province-south-africa\/0EAA544ADB04A8EC3281CD1497675409\">Prevalence and determinants of stunting and overweight in 3-year-old black South African children residing in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa<\/a>. Public Health Nutr. 2005;8(5):501-8.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Vazquez CE, Cubbin C. Socioeconomic status and childhood obesity: a review of literature from the past decade to inform intervention research. <i>Curr Obes Rep<\/i> . 2020;9:562\u201370. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">VOA News. WHO Warns of Child Obesity Epidemic, With Tenfold Increase In 40 Years. Available from: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AxJY14ZCnuc\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AxJY14ZCnuc<\/a> (last accessed 07\/10\/2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Dishman RK, McIver KL, Dowda M, Saunders RP, Pate RR. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6522322\/\">Self-efficacy, beliefs, and goals: Moderation of declining physical activity during adolescence<\/a>. Health Psychol. 2019;38(6):483-93.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Chartered Society of Physiotherapists. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csp.org.uk\/system\/files\/fit_for_the_future_kids_leaflet_england.pdf\">Fit for the future<\/a>. London: CSP, 2011.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Janssen I, LeBlanc AG. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1479-5868-7-40\">Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth<\/a>. <i>Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act.<\/i> 2010;7(40).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_13-0\">13.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_13-1\">13.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_13-2\">13.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hale J. Guest post from Jamie Hale &#8211; Exercise and the Brain (Internet). 2014 (cited 4 October 2021). Available from: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bettermovement.org\/blog\/2014\/guest-post-from-jamie-hale-exercise-and-the-brain\">https:\/\/www.bettermovement.org\/blog\/2014\/guest-post-from-jamie-hale-exercise-and-the-brain<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Sibley B, Etnier J. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/235913924_The_Relationship_between_Physical_Activity_and_Cognition_in_Children_A_Meta-Analysis\">The relationship between physical activity and cognition in children: a meta-analysis<\/a>. Pediatric Exercise Science. 2003;15(3):243-56.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Smith AL, Hoza B, Linnea K, McQuade JD, Tomb M, Vaughn AJ et al. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/51596807_Pilot_Physical_Activity_Intervention_Reduces_Severity_of_ADHD_Symptoms_in_Young_Children\">Pilot physical activity intervention reduces severity of ADHD symptoms in young children<\/a>. J Atten Disord. 2013;17(1):70-82.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:6-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_16-0\">16.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_16-1\">16.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Themanson J, Hillman C. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/7068867_Cardiorespiratory_fitness_and_acute_aerobic_exercise_effects_on_neuroelectric_and_behavioral_measures_of_action_monitoring\">Cardiorespiratory fitness and acute aerobic exercise effects on neuroelectric and behavioral measures of action monitoring<\/a>. Neuroscience. 2006;141(2):757-67.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:7-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_17-0\">17.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_17-1\">17.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_17-2\">17.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hillman CH, Pontifex MB, Castelli DM, Khan NA, Raine LB, Scudder MR et al. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4179093\/\">Effects of the FITKids randomized controlled trial on executive control and brain function<\/a>. Pediatrics. 2014;134(4):e1063-71. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:8-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:8_18-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pontifex MB, Saliba BJ, Raine LB, Picchietti DL, Hillman CH. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3556380\/\">Exercise improves behavioral, neurocognitive, and scholastic performance in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder<\/a>. J Pediatr. 2013;162(3):543-51. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Harvard Health Publishing. How to keep your brain healthy through exercise. 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Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(7):1487-97. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20220912222232 Cache expiry: 0 Dynamic content: true Complications: () CPU time usage: 0.168 seconds Real time usage: 0.175 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 635\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 202\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/40 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 26978\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 17.902 1 Special:Contributors\/Developing_Physically_Active_and_Sporty_Kids_-_Benefits_and_Barriers 100.00% 17.902 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9diteur original &#8211; Jess Bell bas\u00e9 sur le cours de Tracy Prowse Principaux contributeurs &#8211; Jess Bell, Wanda van Niekerk, Kim Jackson, Olajumoke Ogunleye, Naomi O&rsquo;Reilly, Tarina van der Stockt et Cindy John-Chu Contenu 1 Introduction 2 Ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 3 Activit\u00e9 physique 4 Campagnes d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique et de pr\u00e9vention des blessures 5 Recommandations pour l&rsquo;exercice 6 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3210","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3210"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3255,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3210\/revisions\/3255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}