{"id":2385,"date":"2022-08-19T15:46:20","date_gmt":"2022-08-19T15:46:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/diaphragm-rehabilitation-fr\/"},"modified":"2023-10-28T15:50:30","modified_gmt":"2023-10-28T15:50:30","slug":"diaphragm-rehabilitation-fr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/diaphragm-rehabilitation-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"La r\u00e9adaptation du diaphragme"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\"><b>\u00c9diteur original <\/b>&#8211; <a title=\"User:Carin Hunter\" href=\"\/User:Carin_Hunter\">Carin Hunter<\/a> \u00e0 partir du cours de <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/course_tutor\/rina-pandya\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Rina Pandya<\/a><br \/>\n<b>Principaux contributeurs<\/b> &#8211; <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Carin Hunter\" href=\"\/User:Carin_Hunter\"><bdi>Carin Hunter<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\" href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a> et <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\" href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display: none;\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Causes_of_Diaphragm_Dysfunction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Causes de dysfonctionnement du diaphragme<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Surgical_Diagnoses\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Diagnostics chirurgicaux<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Diaphragm_Atrophy_Secondary_to_Mechanical_Ventilation\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Atrophie du diaphragme secondaire \u00e0 une ventilation m\u00e9canique<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Techniques_to_Strengthen_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Techniques pour renforcer le diaphragme<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#1._Sandbag_Breathing\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">1. Respiration avec sac de sable<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#2._Deep_Chest_Breathing\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">2. Respiration profonde de la poitrine<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#3._Bellow.E2.80.99s_Breath\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">3. Respiration en soufflet<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#4._Intercostal_Stretching_Breath\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">4. Respiration d&rsquo;\u00e9tirement intercostal<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#5._Focused_Diaphragmatic_Breath\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">5. Respiration diaphragmatique cibl\u00e9e<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#6._Diaphragm_Stretches\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">6. \u00c9tirements du diaphragme<\/span> <\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#7._Transversus_Abdominis_Activation\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">7. Activation du muscle transverse de l&rsquo;abdomen<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#8._Straw_Breathing\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">8. Respiration de paille<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#9._Cat-Cow_Pose\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.9<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">9. Pose du chat et de la vache<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#8._Diaphragm_Stretches_in_Standing\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.10<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">8. \u00c9tirements du diaphragme en position debout<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#Additional_Breathing_Techniques\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Techniques de respiration suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#Paradoxical_Breathing\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Respiration paradoxale<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Pranayama_Breathing_Techniques\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Techniques de respiration Pranayama<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#Ujjayi_Breathing\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Respiration Ujjayi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-20\"><a href=\"#Bellows_Breathing\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Respiration de soufflet<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-21\"><a href=\"#Diaphragm_Release\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Rel\u00e2chement du diaphragme<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-22\"><a href=\"#Myofascial_Release_for_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Rel\u00e2chement myofasciale pour le diaphragme<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-23\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Introduction\" class=\"mw-headline\">Introduction<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La r\u00e9adaptation est une partie essentielle du r\u00e9tablissement, et pour les physioth\u00e9rapeutes, elle fait partie int\u00e9grante du plan de traitement. Cependant, ce muscle est souvent n\u00e9glig\u00e9 dans le plan de r\u00e9adaptation des patients ayant subit une blessure impliquant un dommage au diaphragme, ou qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9s sous ventilateur. Le <a title=\"How We Breathe\" href=\"\/How_We_Breathe#Basics_of_Breathing\">diaphragme<\/a>, qui est le principal muscle respiratoire, travaille constamment tout au long de la journ\u00e9e, et effectue de nombreux types de respirations et de retenues d&rsquo;air diff\u00e9rentes. Le r\u00e9entra\u00eenement du diaphragme est donc crucial pour un fonctionnement optimal.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Causes_of_Diaphragm_Dysfunction\" class=\"mw-headline\">Causes de dysfonctionnement du diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Causes of Diaphragm Dysfunction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Causes of Diaphragm Dysfunction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Certaines causes de dysfonctionnement du diaphragme sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es ci-dessous :<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Surgical_Diagnoses\" class=\"mw-headline\">Diagnostics chirurgicaux <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Surgical Diagnoses\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Surgical Diagnoses\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Hernie diaphragmatique cong\u00e9nitale :<\/b> Un ou plusieurs organes abdominaux d&rsquo;une personne (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire l&rsquo;estomac, la rate, le foie, les intestins) remontent dans la poitrine \u00e0 travers une partie d\u00e9fectueuse du diaphragme. Les hernies cong\u00e9nitales sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme une urgence m\u00e9dicale et n\u00e9cessitent une intervention chirurgicale rapide.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><b>Hernie diaphragmatique acquise (HDA) :<\/b> Habituellement caus\u00e9e par une blessure p\u00e9n\u00e9trante (p. ex. blessure par balle, coup de couteau) ou une blessure contondante (p. ex. chute, accident de la route). Les blessures p\u00e9n\u00e9trantes sont une cause beaucoup plus fr\u00e9quente de rupture du diaphragme avec hernie subs\u00e9quente que les blessures contondantes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Diaphragm_Atrophy_Secondary_to_Mechanical_Ventilation\" class=\"mw-headline\">Atrophie du diaphragme secondaire \u00e0 une ventilation m\u00e9canique <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Diaphragm Atrophy Secondary to Mechanical Ventilation\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Diaphragm Atrophy Secondary to Mechanical Ventilation\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Apr\u00e8s qu&rsquo;une personne ait \u00e9t\u00e9 sous ventilation m\u00e9canique pendant une longue p\u00e9riode, elle peut subir une <a title=\"La respiration diaphragmatique et le dysfonctionnement diaphragmatique induit par la ventilation m\u00e9canique assist\u00e9e\" href=\"\/Diaphragmatic_Breathing_and_Ventilator-Induced_Diaphragmatic_Dysfunction\">atrophie de d\u00e9su\u00e9tude<\/a>. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est d\u00fb \u00e0 une diminution de la synth\u00e8se des prot\u00e9ines, <sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup> une augmentation de la prot\u00e9olyse<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup> ou une combinaison de ces deux facteurs apr\u00e8s la ventilation m\u00e9canique.<\/li>\n<li>Le stress oxydatif est \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9fini comme une perturbation de l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre entre la production d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces r\u00e9actives de l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne (radicaux libres) et les d\u00e9fenses antioxydantes\u00a0\u00bb.<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup> Le stress oxydatif commence \u00e0 se manifester dans les six heures suivant la <a title=\"Ventilation and Weaning\" href=\"\/Ventilation_and_Weaning\">ventilation m\u00e9canique<\/a> continue et il est li\u00e9 au dysfonctionnement et \u00e0 la faiblesse du diaphragme.<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup> Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne se produit \u00e9galement dans les muscles squelettiques, mais il met plus de temps \u00e0 s\u2019y installer.<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2017 par Grosu et Lee <sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup> a conclu qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y avait pas de relation entre les changements d&rsquo;\u00e9paisseur du diaphragme et le r\u00e9sultat de l&rsquo;extubation.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup> Cependant, Goligher et al.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup> sont parvenus \u00e0 la conclusion que l\u2019atrophie diaphragmatique qui s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e alors qu\u2019un patient \u00e9tait sous ventilation m\u00e9canique avait une forte influence sur le r\u00e9sultat clinique : \u00ab Cibler un niveau d\u2019effort inspiratoire similaire \u00e0 celui des sujets sains au repos pourrait permettre de retirer la ventilation plus rapidement chez le patient. \u00bb<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Un certain nombre d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes soulignent les avantages d&rsquo;une <a title=\"Physiotherapists Role in ICU\" href=\"\/Physiotherapists_Role_in_ICU\">r\u00e9adaptation pr\u00e9coce en soins intensifs<\/a>. Une r\u00e9adaptation pr\u00e9coce peut r\u00e9duire le nombre de dysfonctionnements caus\u00e9s par la ventilation m\u00e9canique et faciliter l&rsquo;extubation du patient.<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>L\u2019\u00c9chelle d\u2019\u00e9valuation manuelle du diaphragme (EMD), appel\u00e9e \u00ab Manual Evaluation Diaphragm en anglais \u00bb, <sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup> est la seule \u00e9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation au monde \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une valeur d\u00e9crivant la mobilit\u00e9 du diaphragme.\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle EMD a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour utiliser les comp\u00e9tences du th\u00e9rapeute en mati\u00e8re de palpations pendant l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation. Il s&rsquo;agit donc du premier outil d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation non-instrumental con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer la fonction du diaphragme.<\/li>\n<li>Veuillez lire l\u2019article suivant (en anglais) pour plus d\u2019informations sur l\u2019<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6605963\/#:~:text=Manual%20evaluation%20of%20the%20diaphragm%20is%20an%20important%20tool%20for,areas%2C%20both%20passively%20and%20actively.\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u00c9chelle d\u2019\u00e9valuation manuelle du diaphragme<\/a>. <sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Techniques_to_Strengthen_the_Diaphragm\" class=\"mw-headline\">Techniques pour renforcer le diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Techniques to Strengthen the Diaphragm\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Techniques to Strengthen the Diaphragm\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Respiration avec sac de sable<\/li>\n<li>Respiration profonde de la poitrine<\/li>\n<li>Respiration en soufflet<\/li>\n<li>Respiration d&rsquo;\u00e9tirement intercostal<\/li>\n<li>Respiration diaphragmatique cibl\u00e9e<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9tirements du diaphragme<\/li>\n<li>Activation du muscle transverse de l&rsquo;abdomen<\/li>\n<li>Respiration de paille<\/li>\n<li>Pose du chat et de la vache <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span id=\"1._Sandbag_Breathing\" class=\"mw-headline\">1. Respiration avec sac de sable <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 1. Sandbag Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: 1. Sandbag Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><a class=\"image\" title=\"Figure 1. Sandbag breathing.\" href=\"\/File:Sandbag_breathing.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a1\/Sandbag_breathing.jpg\/238px-Sandbag_breathing.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a1\/Sandbag_breathing.jpg\/358px-Sandbag_breathing.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/a\/a1\/Sandbag_breathing.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"238\" height=\"270\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Le patient est allong\u00e9 en position couch\u00e9e (figure 1). Leur colonne vert\u00e9brale doit \u00eatre droite (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire qu&rsquo;elle ne doit pas \u00eatre courb\u00e9e d&rsquo;un c\u00f4t\u00e9 ou de l&rsquo;autre). Un sac de sable est plac\u00e9 sur le ventre du patient.<\/p>\n<p>Aidez le patient \u00e0 \u00e9tablir un rythme de respiration calme en utilisant les trois \u00e9tapes suivantes : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li> Essayez de ressentir votre souffle circuler vers l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur et vers l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur, de fa\u00e7on r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li> Laisser votre abdomen devenir souple et essayez de le sentir monter \u00e0 l&rsquo;inspiration et descendre \u00e0 l&rsquo;expiration.<\/li>\n<li> Laissez votre souffle circuler et ne faites pas de pause entre les respirations.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xJabf_p-B9E?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"2._Deep_Chest_Breathing\" class=\"mw-headline\">2. Respiration profonde de la poitrine <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 2. Deep Chest Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: 2. Deep Chest Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><a class=\"image\" title=\"Figure 2. Deep chest breathing.\" href=\"\/File:Chest_expansion.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6e\/Chest_expansion.jpg\/238px-Chest_expansion.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6e\/Chest_expansion.jpg\/358px-Chest_expansion.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/6\/6e\/Chest_expansion.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"238\" height=\"270\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Le patient doit s&rsquo;asseoir sur le sol et placer deux blocs de yoga sur le sol derri\u00e8re lui. Un bloc devrait \u00eatre pos\u00e9 \u00e0 plat et l&rsquo;autre devrait \u00eatre \u00e0 hauteur moyenne. Le patient doit ensuite poser ses omoplates sur le bloc \u00e0 plat et sa t\u00eate sur le bloc de hauteur moyenne, comme indiqu\u00e9 sur la figure 2. Il faut leur demander de d\u00e9tendre leurs bras de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9, les paumes vers le haut, et d&rsquo;\u00e9tirer leurs jambes devant eux. Dans cette position, ils doivent inspirer profond\u00e9ment et permettre \u00e0 leur poitrine de se soulever compl\u00e8tement.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Sur l&rsquo;expiration, le patient doit laisser son ventre descendre en premier, suivi du diaphragme, puis des poumons et enfin de la poitrine. Cet exercice doit \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 neuf fois avec une respiration r\u00e9guli\u00e8re entre chaque r\u00e9p\u00e9tition.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Une respiration thoracique profonde permet d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer le tonus du diaphragme et des muscles intercostaux.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"3._Bellow\u2019s_Breath\"><\/span><span id=\"3._Bellow.E2.80.99s_Breath\" class=\"mw-headline\">3. Respiration en soufflet <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 3. Bellow\u2019s Breath\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: 3. Bellow\u2019s Breath\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La respiration en soufflet est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un exercice de respiration d\u00e9toxifiant. Pour r\u00e9aliser cet exercice, le patient doit \u00eatre en position assise. Une fois \u00e0 l&rsquo;aise, le patient doit inspirer par le nez. Sur l&rsquo;expiration, il doit contracter les muscles de l&rsquo;estomac et forcer l&rsquo;expiration. Ce sch\u00e9ma respiratoire doit \u00eatre effectu\u00e9 pendant 30 secondes, en augmentant progressivement le rythme.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EfcXiEBiDBE?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"4._Intercostal_Stretching_Breath\" class=\"mw-headline\">4. Respiration d&rsquo;\u00e9tirement intercostal <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 4. Intercostal Stretching Breath\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: 4. Intercostal Stretching Breath\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pour effectuer une respiration d&rsquo;\u00e9tirement intercostal, le patient commence en position debout. Demandez-leur de tendre les deux bras au-dessus de leur t\u00eate. D&rsquo;inspirer profond\u00e9ment et sur l&rsquo;expiration, ils doivent tendre les deux bras vers la droite. Cela permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tirer les muscles intercostaux du c\u00f4t\u00e9 gauche de leur corps. En inspirant, ils doivent revenir au centre.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;expiration suivante, ils doivent tendre leurs bras vers la gauche, cr\u00e9ant ainsi un \u00e9tirement des muscles intercostaux droits. R\u00e9p\u00e9tez deux fois de plus de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"5._Focused_Diaphragmatic_Breath\" class=\"mw-headline\">5. Respiration diaphragmatique cibl\u00e9e <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 5. Focused Diaphragmatic Breath\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: 5. Focused Diaphragmatic Breath\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Lorsqu&rsquo;il entreprend une respiration diaphragmatique cibl\u00e9e, le patient doit d&rsquo;abord comprendre o\u00f9 se trouve exactement son diaphragme. Prenez leurs doigts et placez-les sur le bas de leur sternum. Demandez-leur de prendre quelques respirations et de sentir leur diaphragme bouger sous leurs doigts.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Pour effectuer cet exercice de respiration, le patient doit contracter les muscles du ventre et garder les doigts sur le diaphragme. Inspirez et expirez plusieurs fois en vous concentrant sur le mouvement du diaphragme. Cet exercice permet de prendre conscience du diaphragme et de le tonifier.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"6._Diaphragm_Stretches\" class=\"mw-headline\">6. \u00c9tirements du diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 6. Diaphragm Stretches\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: 6. Diaphragm Stretches\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pour effectuer un \u00e9tirement du diaphragme, <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup> le patient doit commencer en d\u00e9cubitus dorsal, en flexion hanche-genou de 90\/90. Placez les talons des mains du patient sur ses cuisses proximales (pr\u00e8s des plis de la hanche). Il doit effectuer quelques respirations d\u00e9tendues par le nez.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s une inspiration profonde et une expiration compl\u00e8te, le patient doit pousser ses mains sur ses cuisses. A ce stade, il doit penser \u00e0 inhaler sans pour autant inspirer d&rsquo;air. Demandez-leur ensuite de rentrer leur ventre et de gonfler leurs c\u00f4tes, ce qui cr\u00e9e un vide. Le patient doit ensuite bouger l\u00e9g\u00e8rement sa colonne vert\u00e9brale et son bassin en flexion et en extension. L&rsquo;introduction de d\u00e9placements lat\u00e9raux augmentera \u00e9galement l&rsquo;\u00e9tirement de diff\u00e9rentes parties du diaphragme. Il doit ensuite respirez normalement pendant un ou deux cycles et r\u00e9p\u00e9tez cinq fois.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_15-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"7._Transversus_Abdominis_Activation\" class=\"mw-headline\">7. Activation du muscle transverse de l&rsquo;abdomen <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 7. Transversus Abdominis Activation\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: 7. Transversus Abdominis Activation\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Lors de l\u2019activation du muscle transverse de l&rsquo;abdomen, <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup> le patient doit \u00eatre allong\u00e9 sur le dos, les genoux pli\u00e9s. Il doit positionner ses pieds \u00e0 la largeur des hanches et placer un bloc dans le sens de la longueur entre les cuisses. Assurez-vous que le bassin et le bas du dos sont en position neutre. Demandez-leur de placer le bout de leurs doigts sur leur bas-ventre (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire juste entre leurs \u00e9pines iliaques ant\u00e9ro-sup\u00e9rieures).<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_15-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;expiration, demandez au patient d&rsquo;abaisser son nombril, d&rsquo;engager son plancher pelvien et de serrer le bloc entre ses cuisses. Pendant ce mouvement, il doit sentir le muscle transverse de l&rsquo;abdomen se contracter sous le bout des doigts. Il est essentiel que le patient maintienne une colonne vert\u00e9brale neutre pendant que son ventre descend. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inspiration, le ventre doit se d\u00e9tendre et s&rsquo;assouplir. Ce mouvement doit \u00eatre effectu\u00e9 plusieurs fois, afin que le patient puisse apprendre \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre l&rsquo;activation profonde des muscles stabilisateurs.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_15-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>En guise de progression, l&rsquo;exercice ci-dessus peut \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9, mais \u00e0 la fin de l&rsquo;expiration, demandez au patient de soulever les deux pieds \u00e0 2 cm du sol. Cette position est maintenue pendant l&rsquo;inspiration, avant qu&rsquo;ils ne reposent leurs pieds au sol.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_15-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"8._Straw_Breathing\" class=\"mw-headline\">8. Respiration de paille <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 8. Straw Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: 8. Straw Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pour cet exercice, demandez \u00e0 votre patient de tenir une paille entre ses l\u00e8vres. Il doit inspirer par le nez et expirer par la paille. En expirant \u00e0 travers une longue paille, l&rsquo;expiration sera plus longue que l&rsquo;inspiration.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_15-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"9._Cat-Cow_Pose\" class=\"mw-headline\">9. Pose du chat et de la vache <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 9. Cat-Cow Pose\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: 9. Cat-Cow Pose\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Commencez cet exercice en vous installant le patient \u00e0 4 pattes. Demandez au patient d&rsquo;inspirer par le nez et d&rsquo;expirer par la bouche. Lorsque le patient inspire, demandez-lui d&rsquo;abaisser son ventre vers le sol en arquant dos.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;expiration, demandez-lui d&rsquo;arrondir le dos et de ramener le menton vers la poitrine. Il doit garder cette position durant toute l&rsquo;expiration. Le patient doit \u00eatre encourag\u00e9 \u00e0 faire une pause de cinq secondes \u00e0 la fin de l&rsquo;expiration, en gardant toujours la position arrondie. Apr\u00e8s cela, il peut \u00e0 nouveau respirer par le nez.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13) <\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_16-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"8._Diaphragm_Stretches_in_Standing\" class=\"mw-headline\">8. \u00c9tirements du diaphragme en position debout <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 8. Diaphragm Stretches in Standing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: 8. Diaphragm Stretches in Standing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Cet \u00e9tirement cible principalement les fibres situ\u00e9es entre la 12e c\u00f4te et le tendon central le long de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la cage thoracique, ce que l&rsquo;on appelle la <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pritrainer.com\/what-is-the-zone-of-apposition\/#:~:text=The%20zone%20of%20apposition%20refers,the%20top%20of%20the%20diaphragms.&amp;text=External%20rotation%20of%20a%20ribcage,in%20a%20state%20of%20extension.\" rel=\"nofollow\">zone d&rsquo;apposition<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Demandez au patient de se tenir dans une position confortable. Pour \u00e9tirer le c\u00f4t\u00e9 gauche du diaphragme, le patient doit lever le bras gauche au-dessus de sa t\u00eate et placer la main droite sur les c\u00f4tes inf\u00e9rieures gauches.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;expiration, le client doit se positionner en flexion lat\u00e9rale droite de la colonne vert\u00e9brale. Le diaphragme s&rsquo;allonge alors en raison de l&rsquo;expiration et de la distance accrue entre le sommet du diaphragme et la 12e c\u00f4te.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Le patient doit ensuite inspirer tout en revenant \u00e0 la position initiale. Ce mouvement doit \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 cinq fois.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_17-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Les figures ci-dessous illustrent l&rsquo;\u00e9tirement du diaphragme en position debout.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_13-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Pour progresser dans l\u2019exercice, suivez les \u00e9tapes suivantes : <sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_17-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c9tape 1 : Pour augmenter l&rsquo;\u00e9tirement, demandez au patient de pousser doucement sur les c\u00f4tes gauches 7 \u00e0 12 avec sa main droite. Ce mouvement est ensuite r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 droit (cinq fois de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9). Chaque fois que le patient se d\u00e9place sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9, il doit expirer. En revenant \u00e0 la position verticale, il doit inspirer.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_17-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>\u00c9tape 2 : Pour terminer cet \u00e9tirement, le patient doit lever les deux bras et joindre les mains. Il doit fl\u00e9chir lat\u00e9ralement vers la droite, puis vers la gauche. En expirant lors de la flexion lat\u00e9rale et en inspirant lors du retour \u00e0 la verticale. Le patient doit se d\u00e9placer de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9 quatre fois.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_17-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\">\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px;\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px;\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin: 96px auto;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Standing_breathing_step_1_(1).jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e2\/Standing_breathing_step_1_%281%29.jpg\/250px-Standing_breathing_step_1_%281%29.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e2\/Standing_breathing_step_1_%281%29.jpg\/375px-Standing_breathing_step_1_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e2\/Standing_breathing_step_1_%281%29.jpg\/500px-Standing_breathing_step_1_%281%29.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\">\n<p>Respiration debout, \u00e9tape 1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px;\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px;\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin: 96px auto;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Standing_breathing_step_2_(1).jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6c\/Standing_breathing_step_2_%281%29.jpg\/250px-Standing_breathing_step_2_%281%29.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6c\/Standing_breathing_step_2_%281%29.jpg\/375px-Standing_breathing_step_2_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6c\/Standing_breathing_step_2_%281%29.jpg\/500px-Standing_breathing_step_2_%281%29.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\">\n<p>Respiration debout, \u00e9tape 2<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 285px;\">\n<div style=\"width: 285px;\">\n<div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 280px;\">\n<div style=\"margin: 96px auto;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Standing_breathing_step_3_(1).jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/79\/Standing_breathing_step_3_%281%29.jpg\/250px-Standing_breathing_step_3_%281%29.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/79\/Standing_breathing_step_3_%281%29.jpg\/375px-Standing_breathing_step_3_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/79\/Standing_breathing_step_3_%281%29.jpg\/500px-Standing_breathing_step_3_%281%29.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\">\n<p>Respiration debout, \u00e9tape 3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Additional_Breathing_Techniques\" class=\"mw-headline\">Techniques de respiration suppl\u00e9mentaires <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Additional Breathing Techniques\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Additional Breathing Techniques\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Pranayama_Breathing_Techniques\" class=\"mw-headline\">Techniques de respiration Pranayama <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Pranayama Breathing Techniques\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Pranayama Breathing Techniques\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jbtLH-3DfLc?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Ujjayi_Breathing\" class=\"mw-headline\">Respiration Ujjayi <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Ujjayi Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Ujjayi Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\">modifier la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IQrsJ-yZWV8?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Bellows_Breathing\" class=\"mw-headline\">Respiration en soufflet <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Bellows Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Bellows Breathing\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5Jnq9zToku0?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Diaphragm_Release\" class=\"mw-headline\">Rel\u00e2chement du diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Diaphragm Release\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Diaphragm Release\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CAkCKOBaNoI?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Myofascial_Release_for_the_Diaphragm\" class=\"mw-headline\">Rel\u00e2chement myofasciale pour le diaphragme <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Myofascial Release for the Diaphragm\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Myofascial Release for the Diaphragm\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/50Pa0Nyd7us?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Rehabilitation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Petrosyan M, Shah AA, Chahine AA, Guzzetta PC, Sandler AD, Kane TD. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0022346818304457\" rel=\"nofollow\">Congenital paraesophageal hernia: Contemporary results and outcomes of laparoscopic approach to repair in symptomatic infants and children.<\/a> Journal of pediatric surgery. 2019 Jul 1;54(7):1346-50.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Newbury A, Dorfman JD, Lo HS. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0887217118300313\" rel=\"nofollow\">Imaging and management of thoracic trauma.<\/a> InSeminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 2018 Aug 1 (Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 347-354). WB Saunders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Ku Z, Yang JI, Menon VA, Thomason DB. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1152\/ajpcell.1995.268.6.C1369\" rel=\"nofollow\">Decreased polysomal HSP-70 may slow polypeptide elongation during skeletal muscle atrophy.<\/a> American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology. 1995 Jun 1;268(6):C1369-74.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bodine SC, Latres E, Baumhueter S, Lai VK, Nunez L, Clarke BA, Poueymirou WT, Panaro FJ, Na E, Dharmarajan K, Pan ZQ. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1126\/science.1065874\" rel=\"nofollow\">Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy.<\/a> Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1704-8.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Betteridge DJ. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0026049500800773\" rel=\"nofollow\">What is oxidative stress?<\/a>. Metabolism. 2000 Feb 1;49(2):3-8.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Zergeroglu MA, McKenzie MJ, Shanely RA, Van Gammeren D, DeRuisseau KC, Powers SK. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/full\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00824.2002\" rel=\"nofollow\">Mechanical ventilation-induced oxidative stress in the diaphragm.<\/a> Journal of applied physiology. 2003 Sep;95(3):1116-24.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Kondo HI, Miura MI, Nakagaki IK, Sasaki SA, Itokawa YO. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1992.262.5.e583\" rel=\"nofollow\">Trace element movement and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophied by immobilization.<\/a> American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism. 1992 May 1;262(5):E583-90.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_8-0\">8.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_8-1\">8.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Grosu HB, Ost DE, Im Lee Y, Song J, Li L, Eden E, Rose K. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/rc.rcjournal.com\/content\/62\/7\/904.short\" rel=\"nofollow\">Diaphragm muscle thinning in subjects receiving mechanical ventilation and its effect on extubation.<\/a> Respiratory care. 2017 Jul 1;62(7):904-11.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_9-0\">9.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_9-1\">9.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Goligher EC, Dres M, Fan E, Rubenfeld GD, Scales DC, Herridge MS, Vorona S, Sklar MC, Rittayamai N, Lanys A, Murray A. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.atsjournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1164\/rccm.201703-0536OC\" rel=\"nofollow\">Mechanical ventilation\u2013induced diaphragm atrophy strongly impacts clinical outcomes.<\/a> American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2018 Jan 15;197(2):204-13.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Dong Z, Liu Y, Gai Y, Meng P, Lin H, Zhao Y, Xing J. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12890-021-01461-2\" rel=\"nofollow\">Early rehabilitation relieves diaphragm dysfunction induced by prolonged mechanical ventilation: a randomised control study.<\/a> BMC pulmonary medicine. 2021 Dec;21(1):1-8.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bordoni B, Morabito B. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6605963\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Diaphragm Muscle Manual Evaluation Scale.<\/a> Cureus. 2019 Apr;11(4).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bordoni B, Morabito B. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6605963\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">The Diaphragm Muscle Manual Evaluation Scale<\/a>. <i>Cureus<\/i>. 2019;11(4):e4569.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-0\">13.00<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-1\">13.01<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-2\">13.02<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-3\">13.03<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-4\">13.04<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-5\">13.05<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-6\">13.06<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-7\">13.07<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-8\">13.08<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-9\">13.09<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-10\">13.10<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-11\">13.11<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_13-12\">13.12<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pandya R. Rehabilitating the Diaphragm Course. Physioplus, 2022<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_14-0\">14.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_14-1\">14.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Rathore M, Trivedi S, Abraham J, Sinha MB. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5433114\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Anatomical correlation of core muscle activation in different yogic postures.<\/a> International Journal of Yoga. 2017 May;10(2):59.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_15-0\">15.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_15-1\">15.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_15-2\">15.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_15-3\">15.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_15-4\">15.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_15-5\">15.5<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bech-Hanssen G, ed. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yogajournal.com\/teach\/anatomy-yoga-practice\/why-your-diaphragm-could-be-core-strength-game-changer\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Why Your Diaphragm Could Be the Core Strength Game-Changer You\u2019ve Overlooked.<\/a> yoga journal; Sep 28, 2018 ORIGINAL:Nov 7, 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:5-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_16-0\">16.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_16-1\">16.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Yoga by Candace. Cat\/Cow Variation. Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yogabycandace.com\/blog\/cat-cow-variation-back-pain\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.yogabycandace.com\/blog\/cat-cow-variation-back-pain<\/a> (accessed 13\/02\/2022).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:6-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_17-0\">17.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_17-1\">17.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_17-2\">17.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_17-3\">17.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_17-4\">17.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_17-5\">17.5<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Franklin E. Breathing for peak performance. Human Kinetics. Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/us.humankinetics.com\/blogs\/excerpt\/strengthening-and-stretching-routine-for-the-diaphragm\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/us.humankinetics.com\/blogs\/excerpt\/strengthening-and-stretching-routine-for-the-diaphragm<\/a> (accessed 13\/02\/2022).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20220527163521 Cache expiry: 0 Dynamic content: true Complications: () CPU time usage: 0.117 seconds Real time usage: 0.124 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 449\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 266\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/40 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 17593\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 11.784 1 Special:Contributors\/Diaphragm_Rehabilitation 100.00% 11.784 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9diteur original &#8211; Carin Hunter \u00e0 partir du cours de Rina Pandya Principaux contributeurs &#8211; Carin Hunter, Jess Bell et Kim Jackson Contenu 1 Introduction 2 Causes de dysfonctionnement du diaphragme 2.1 Diagnostics chirurgicaux 2.2 Atrophie du diaphragme secondaire \u00e0 une ventilation m\u00e9canique 3 Techniques pour renforcer le diaphragme 3.1 1. Respiration avec sac de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2385","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2385"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7806,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2385\/revisions\/7806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}