{"id":12159,"date":"2025-03-29T13:11:02","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T13:11:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/blood-physiology-fr\/"},"modified":"2026-02-19T01:13:25","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T01:13:25","slug":"blood-physiology-fr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/blood-physiology-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"Physiologie du sang"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\">\n<p><b>R\u00e9dactrice originale <\/b>&#8211; <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/instructor\/alaa-kora\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Alaa Kora<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Principaux collaborateurs <\/b> &#8211; <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Lucinda hampton\" href=\"\/User:Lucinda_hampton\"><bdi>Lucinda Hampton <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\" href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Mandy Roscher\" href=\"\/User:Mandy_Roscher\"><bdi>Mandy Roscher <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\" href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Tony Lowe\" href=\"\/User:Tony_Lowe\"><bdi>Tony Lowe <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Tarina van der Stockt\" href=\"\/User:Tarina_van_der_Stockt\"><bdi>Tarina van der Stockt <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Stacy Schiurring\" href=\"\/User:Stacy_Schiurring\"><bdi>Stacy Schiurring <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Vidya Acharya\" href=\"\/User:Vidya_Acharya\"><bdi>Vidya Acharya <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Rucha Gadgil\" href=\"\/User:Rucha_Gadgil\"><bdi>Rucha Gadgil<\/bdi><\/a> et <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Olajumoke Ogunleye\" href=\"\/User:Olajumoke_Ogunleye\"><bdi>Olajumoke Ogunleye<\/bdi><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display: none;\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Blood_Plasma\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Plasma sanguin<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Functions_of_Blood_Plasma\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Fonctions du plasma sanguin<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Erythrocytes_(RBCs)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u00c9rythrocytes (Globules rouges)<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Functions_of_Erythrocytes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Fonctions des \u00e9rythrocytes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Leucocytes_(WBCs)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Leucocytes (Globules blancs)<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Types_and_Functions_of_Leucocytes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Types et fonctions des leucocytes<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Neutrophils\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Neutrophiles<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Monocytes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.1.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Monocytes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Eosinophils\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.1.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u00c9osinophiles<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Basophils\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.1.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Basophiles<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Lymphocytes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.1.5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Lymphocytes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Pathophysiology_of_Leucocytes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Physiopathologie des leucocytes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#Haematopoiesis\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">H\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e8se<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#Formation_of_Erythrocytes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Formation des \u00e9rythrocytes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#Formation_of_Leucocytes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Formation des leucocytes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#Formation_of_Platelets\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Formation des plaquettes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Blood_Disorders\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Maladies du sang<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#Erythrocyte_Disorders\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Troubles des \u00e9rythrocytes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-20\"><a href=\"#Leukocyte_Disorders\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Troubles des leucocytes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-21\"><a href=\"#Bleeding_Disorders\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Troubles de la coagulation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-22\"><a href=\"#Summary\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-23\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Introduction\" class=\"mw-headline\">Introduction<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Le sang est essentiel \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation de la vie humaine.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> Il est responsable du transport des nutriments, des <a title=\"Hormones\" href=\"\/Hormones\">hormones<\/a>, des gaz et des d\u00e9chets dans l&rsquo;organisme et joue un r\u00f4le important dans la d\u00e9fense <a title=\"Immune System\" href=\"\/Immune_System\">immunologique<\/a>. Le sang joue \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la r\u00e9gulation hom\u00e9ostatique du pH, de la temp\u00e9rature et de diverses autres conditions internes. Il est compos\u00e9 de plasma, de <a title=\"Platelet\" href=\"\/Platelet\">plaquettes<\/a>, de <a title=\"Leukocytes\" href=\"\/Leukocytes\">leucocytes<\/a> (globules blancs) et d&rsquo;\u00e9rythrocytes (globules rouges).<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;homme adulte a environ 4 \u00e0 5 litres de sang qui circulent dans le corps \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur des <a title=\"Syst\u00e8me cardiovasculaire\" href=\"\/Cardiovascular_System\">vaisseaux sanguins<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup> Le volume sanguin total repr\u00e9sente environ 7 \u00e0 8 % du poids corporel total chez les adultes en bonne sant\u00e9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbnail tnone\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Blood_with_description.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/55\/Blood_with_description.png\/1000px-Blood_with_description.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/55\/Blood_with_description.png\/1500px-Blood_with_description.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/55\/Blood_with_description.png\/2000px-Blood_with_description.png 2x\" alt=\"Blood with description.png\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" data-file-width=\"3002\" data-file-height=\"1689\"><\/a><\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Blood_Plasma\" class=\"mw-headline\">Plasma sanguin<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Blood Plasma\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Blood Plasma\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Le plasma sanguin est un liquide jaun\u00e2tre clair qui repr\u00e9sente environ 55 % du volume total du sang.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_6-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup> Il constitue la base liquide du sang et se compose de 91 % d&rsquo;eau et de 9 % de solides, dont des coagulants, des prot\u00e9ines plasmatiques, des <a title=\"Electrolytes\" href=\"\/Electrolytes\">\u00e9lectrolytes<\/a> et des <a title=\"Immunoglobulins (Ig)\" href=\"\/Immunoglobulins_(Ig)\">immunoglobulines<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Au cours du d\u00e9veloppement embryonnaire, le plasma sanguin est form\u00e9 \u00e0 partir des cellules m\u00e9senchymateuses. L&rsquo;albumine se forme en premier, suivie de la globuline et des autres prot\u00e9ines plasmatiques. Chez l&rsquo;adulte, les cellules r\u00e9ticulo-endoth\u00e9liales du <a title=\"Liver Disease\" href=\"\/Liver_Disease\">foie<\/a> sont principalement responsables de la production de plasma: Ce processus est facilit\u00e9 par la <a title=\"Bone Marrow\" href=\"\/Bone_Marrow\">moelle osseuse<\/a> et la <a title=\"Ruptured Spleen\" href=\"\/Ruptured_Spleen\">rate<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Functions_of_Blood_Plasma\" class=\"mw-headline\">Fonctions du plasma sanguin <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Functions of Blood Plasma\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Functions of Blood Plasma\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Le plasma sanguin remplit plusieurs fonctions vitales. Il contient du fibrinog\u00e8ne et des procoagulants, tels que la thrombine et le facteur X, qui sont essentiels \u00e0 la <b>coagulation<\/b>. Les immunoglobulines (anticorps) pr\u00e9sentes dans le plasma contribuent \u00e0 la <b>d\u00e9fense immunitaire<\/b> de l&rsquo;organisme. Les prot\u00e9ines plasmatiques, en particulier l&rsquo;albumine, sont essentielles au maintien de la <b>pression oncotique<\/b> (maintenue \u00e0 environ 25 mmHg), qui assure un \u00e9quilibre appropri\u00e9 des fluides entre le sang et les tissus environnants. Les prot\u00e9ines plasmatiques contribuent \u00e9galement \u00e0 l&rsquo;<b>\u00e9quilibre acido-basique<\/b> par leur action tampon. Le plasma est le principal moyen de <b>transport <\/b> des <b>nutriments<\/b>, tels que le glucose, les acides amin\u00e9s, les lipides et les vitamines, du syst\u00e8me digestif jusqu&rsquo;aux tissus de l&rsquo;organisme. Il facilite \u00e9galement le <b>transport des gaz respiratoires<\/b> (transportant l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne des poumons vers les tissus p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques et ramenant le dioxyde de carbone vers les poumons pour \u00eatre excr\u00e9t\u00e9), ainsi que le <b>transport des hormones<\/b>. Les <b>d\u00e9chets <\/b> issus du m\u00e9tabolisme cellulaire sont transport\u00e9s dans le plasma et excr\u00e9t\u00e9s par les reins, les poumons et la peau. Le plasma joue \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le dans la <b>r\u00e9gulation de la temp\u00e9rature<\/b>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_7-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La vitesse de s\u00e9dimentation \u00e9rythrocytaire (VSE) est utilis\u00e9e comme test diagnostique. Comme le fibrinog\u00e8ne augmente dans les conditions inflammatoires aigu\u00ebs, la VSE augmente \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Erythrocytes_.28RBCs.29\"><\/span><span id=\"Erythrocytes_(RBCs)\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u00c9rythrocytes (Globules rouges) <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Erythrocytes (RBCs)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Erythrocytes (RBCs)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les \u00e9rythrocytes, appel\u00e9s globules rouges (GR), sont des cellules biconcaves en forme de disque.<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup> Ils sont d\u00e9pourvus de noyau et contiennent de l&rsquo;h\u00e9moglobine, une prot\u00e9ine riche en fer qui transporte l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne. Chaque cellule est entour\u00e9e d&rsquo;une membrane compos\u00e9e de lipides et de prot\u00e9ines. Un adulte en bonne sant\u00e9 produit environ 2 \u00e0 3 millions de globules rouges par seconde.<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup> Les \u00e9rythrocytes repr\u00e9sentent environ 45 % du volume total du sang et une cellule unique mesure environ 7 microm\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre. Ils sont produits par la <a title=\"Bone Marrow\" href=\"\/Bone_Marrow\">moelle osseuse<\/a> rouge selon un processus appel\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9rythropo\u00ef\u00e8se\u00a0\u00bb.<sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Functions_of_Erythrocytes\" class=\"mw-headline\">Fonctions des \u00e9rythrocytes<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifier la section : Fonctions des \u00e9rythrocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\">\u00e9diter<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifier la section : Fonctions des \u00e9rythrocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Un seul \u00e9rythrocyte a une dur\u00e9e de vie d&rsquo;environ 120 jours. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, il joue plusieurs r\u00f4les. Sa fonction principale est d&rsquo;acheminer l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne des poumons vers les tissus p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques et de recueillir le dioxyde de carbone des cellules p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques pour le renvoyer vers les poumons afin qu&rsquo;il soit \u00e9limin\u00e9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9rythrocytes contiennent de l&rsquo;h\u00e9moglobine avec des groupes d&rsquo;h\u00e8mes ferreux (Fe\u00b2\u207a) qui ont une grande affinit\u00e9 pour l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne. Lorsque la cellule atteint des cellules d\u00e9soxyg\u00e9n\u00e9es, cette affinit\u00e9 diminue en raison d&rsquo;une pression partielle d&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne plus faible et d&rsquo;un pH r\u00e9duit. Cela facilite la lib\u00e9ration de l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne dans les cellules environnantes.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Leucocytes_.28WBCs.29\"><\/span><span id=\"Leucocytes_(WBCs)\" class=\"mw-headline\">Leucocytes (Globules blancs) <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Leucocytes (WBCs)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Leucocytes (WBCs)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les leucocytes, \u00e9galement connus sous le nom de globules blancs, sont les composants cellulaires nucl\u00e9\u00e9s du sang d\u00e9pourvus d&rsquo;h\u00e9moglobine. Ils repr\u00e9sentent environ 1 % du volume sanguin total chez les adultes en bonne sant\u00e9 et jouent un r\u00f4le important dans le syst\u00e8me immunitaire.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_6-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup> Les leucocytes sont produits dans la moelle osseuse par un processus appel\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0leucopo\u00ef\u00e8se\u00a0\u00bb.<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup> Le nombre normal de leucocytes se situe entre 4 000 et 10 000 cellules\/\u03bcL (microlitre).<sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Types_and_Functions_of_Leucocytes\" class=\"mw-headline\">Types et fonctions des leucocytes<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifier la section : Types et fonctions des leucocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\">\u00e9diter<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifier la section : Types et fonctions des leucocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Il existe plusieurs types de leucocytes, dont les neutrophiles, les \u00e9osinophiles, les basophiles, les lymphocytes (B et T) et les monocytes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Neutrophils\" class=\"mw-headline\">Neutrophiles<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Editer la section : Neutrophiles\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Editer la section : Neutrophiles\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Les neutrophiles sont rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s par la moelle osseuse. Ils repr\u00e9sentent environ 50 % du nombre total de globules blancs, avec environ 100 milliards de globules blancs produits chaque jour. En tant que premi\u00e8re ligne de d\u00e9fense du syst\u00e8me immunitaire inn\u00e9, ils migrent vers les sites d&rsquo;infection o\u00f9 ils identifient et d\u00e9truisent les bact\u00e9ries et les virus.<sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup> Au-del\u00e0 de leur r\u00f4le imm\u00e9diat de lutte contre les agents pathog\u00e8nes, les neutrophiles produisent \u00e9galement des cytokines, aident \u00e0 r\u00e9sorber l&rsquo;inflammation, r\u00e9gulent les r\u00e9ponses immunitaires \u00e0 long terme et contribuent \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire immunitaire inn\u00e9e.<sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Monocytes\" class=\"mw-headline\">Monocytes<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Editer la section : Monocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Editer la section : Monocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Les monocytes repr\u00e9sentent 5 \u00e0 12 % des globules blancs. Ils fonctionnent comme des phagocytes et jouent un r\u00f4le important en \u00e9liminant les cellules mortes et en contribuant \u00e0 la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des tissus.<sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Eosinophils\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u00c9osinophiles<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifier la section : Eosinophiles\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifier la section : Eosinophiles\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Les \u00e9osinophiles repr\u00e9sentent moins de 5 % des globules blancs. On les trouve en grand nombre dans le syst\u00e8me digestif. Ils jouent un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans la r\u00e9ponse immunitaire contre les bact\u00e9ries et les parasites.<sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Basophils\" class=\"mw-headline\">Basophiles<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Editer la section : Basophiles\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Editer la section : Basophiles\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Les basophiles repr\u00e9sentent environ 1 % des globules blancs. Ils sont impliqu\u00e9es dans l&rsquo;immunit\u00e9 inn\u00e9e et jouent un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans les r\u00e9actions allergiques et d&rsquo;hypersensibilit\u00e9, y compris l&rsquo;anaphylaxie, par la lib\u00e9ration d&rsquo;histamine.<sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Lymphocytes\" class=\"mw-headline\">Lymphocytes<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Editer la section : Lymphocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Editer la section : Lymphocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Les lymphocytes sont n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l&rsquo;immunit\u00e9 acquise. Il y a deux principaux types de lymphocytes : les cellules T, qui ont une fonction cytotoxique directe contre les cellules infect\u00e9es\/anormales, et les cellules B, qui sont responsables de l&rsquo;immunit\u00e9 humorale (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire l&rsquo;immunit\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9e par les anticorps circulants).<sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup> Les lymphocytes jouent \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le dans la m\u00e9moire immunologique, permettant des r\u00e9ponses immunitaires plus rapides lorsqu&rsquo;une personne est r\u00e9expos\u00e9e au m\u00eame agent pathog\u00e8ne. Ce principe est \u00e0 la base du d\u00e9veloppement de nombreux vaccins.<sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Pathophysiology_of_Leucocytes\" class=\"mw-headline\">Physiopathologie des leucocytes<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifier la section : Physiopathologie des leucocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\">\u00e9diter<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifier la section : Physiopathologie des leucocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Une <b>augmentation du nombre total de globules blancs (leucocytose)<\/b> peut \u00eatre le signe de diverses affections, notamment une <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Infectious Disease\" href=\"\/Infectious_Disease\">infection<\/a>, une inflammation, un traumatisme, une grossesse, un asthme, une allergie, un <a title=\"Oncology\" href=\"\/Oncology\">cancer<\/a>, comme la <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Leukemia\" href=\"\/Leukemia\">leuc\u00e9mie<\/a>, et m\u00eame un <a title=\"Exercise Physiology\" href=\"\/Exercise_Physiology\">exercice <\/a> physique intense.<sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, une <b>diminution du nombre total de globules blancs (leucop\u00e9nie)<\/b> peut indiquer des infections graves, des l\u00e9sions de la moelle osseuse, des <a title=\"Autoimmune Disorders\" href=\"\/Autoimmune_Disorders\">maladies auto-immunes<\/a> telles que le <a title=\"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus\" href=\"\/Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus\">lupus \u00e9ryth\u00e9mateux diss\u00e9min\u00e9<\/a> (LED) ou une s\u00e9questration spl\u00e9nique.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Haematopoiesis\" class=\"mw-headline\">H\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e8se<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Editer la section : H\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e8se\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Editer la section : H\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e8se\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div class=\"floatnone\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Hematopoiesis_(human)_diagram.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/69\/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram.png\/1000px-Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/69\/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram.png\/1500px-Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/69\/Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram.png\/2000px-Hematopoiesis_%28human%29_diagram.png 2x\" alt=\"Hematopoiesis (human) diagram.png\" width=\"1000\" height=\"657\" data-file-width=\"3472\" data-file-height=\"2280\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>L&rsquo;h\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e8se d\u00e9signe la formation des cellules sanguines. Ce processus se d\u00e9roule dans la moelle osseuse rouge (tissu my\u00e9lo\u00efde).<sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup> Chaque type de cellule sanguine &#8211; \u00e9rythrocyte, leucocyte et plaquette &#8211; provient d&rsquo;un pr\u00e9curseur commun : l&rsquo;h\u00e9mocytoblaste. Ces cellules souches multipotentes ont une remarquable capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;autorenouvellement et sont localis\u00e9es principalement dans la moelle osseuse, bien qu&rsquo;elles puissent \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9es dans la circulation en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une demande physiologique. De cette origine commune naissent deux lign\u00e9es : 1) les cellules souches lympho\u00efdes, qui produisent les lymphocytes, et 2) les cellules souches my\u00e9lo\u00efdes, qui produisent tous les autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments sanguins form\u00e9s.<sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Formation_of_Erythrocytes\" class=\"mw-headline\">Formation des \u00e9rythrocytes<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Editer la section : Formation des \u00e9rythrocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\">\u00e9diter<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Editer la section : Formation des \u00e9rythrocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\">\u00e9diter la source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Au d\u00e9but du d\u00e9veloppement du f\u0153tus, l&rsquo;\u00e9rythropo\u00ef\u00e8se (la production de globules rouges) a lieu dans le sac vitellin. Le foie et la rate prennent le relais entre environ 2 et 5 mois de gestation, apr\u00e8s quoi la moelle osseuse devient le site principal et le reste tout au long de la vie apr\u00e8s la naissance.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_29-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Il faut environ une semaine pour qu&rsquo;une cellule prog\u00e9nitrice my\u00e9lo\u00efde se transforme en \u00e9rythrocyte mature. Les cellules prog\u00e9nitrices deviennent d&rsquo;abord des <b>normoblastes<\/b> (ou \u00e9rythroblastes), une cellule nucl\u00e9\u00e9e que l&rsquo;on trouve dans la moelle osseuse. Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les normoblastes se d\u00e9veloppent, ils accumulent de l&rsquo;h\u00e9moglobine et finissent par expulser leur noyau pour devenir des <b>r\u00e9ticulocytes <\/b> (ou globules rouges immatures). \u00c0 ce stade, ils conservent encore quelques organites r\u00e9siduels. Certains passent dans la circulation p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique. Les r\u00e9ticulocytes se d\u00e9barrassent ensuite de leurs organites restants, devenant ainsi des <b>\u00e9rythrocytes<\/b> matures.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_29-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9rythrocytes matures sont anucl\u00e9\u00e9s (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire qu&rsquo;ils n&rsquo;ont pas de noyau). Cela signifie qu&rsquo;ils ne peuvent pas synth\u00e9tiser de prot\u00e9ines, se d\u00e9velopper ou subir d&rsquo;autres divisions. Avec le temps, ils deviennent de plus en plus rigides et commencent \u00e0 se d\u00e9composer, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement apr\u00e8s 100 \u00e0 120 jours. La moelle osseuse remplace continuellement les cellules perdues par une division h\u00e9mocytoblastique continue.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_29-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La production d&rsquo;\u00e9rythrocytes est r\u00e9gul\u00e9e par l&rsquo;\u00e9rythropo\u00ef\u00e9tine, une hormone qui circule en petites quantit\u00e9s en tout temps afin de maintenir un taux constant de formation de globules rouges.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_29-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Formation_of_Leucocytes\" class=\"mw-headline\">Formation des leucocytes<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Editer la section : Formation des leucocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Editer la section : Formation des leucocytes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Chez l&rsquo;adulte, la production et la maturation des leucocytes ont lieu principalement dans la moelle osseuse. Les granulocytes sont enti\u00e8rement produits dans la moelle. Les lymphocytes proviennent \u00e9galement de la moelle, mais leur d\u00e9veloppement se poursuit dans les tissus lymphatiques, notamment le thymus, la rate et les ganglions lymphatiques. Les monocytes sont \u00e9galement associ\u00e9s aux tissus r\u00e9ticulo-endoth\u00e9liaux de la rate, du foie et des ganglions lymphatiques.<\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Formation_of_Platelets\" class=\"mw-headline\">Formation des plaquettes<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifier la section : Formation des plaquettes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17\">\u00e9diter<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifier la section : Formation des plaquettes\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Contrairement aux autres cellules sanguines, les plaquettes ne sont pas des cellules compl\u00e8tes, mais plut\u00f4t de petits fragments cytoplasmiques. Elles sont d\u00e9riv\u00e9es des m\u00e9gacaryocytes, de grandes cellules pr\u00e9sentes dans la moelle osseuse. La production de plaquettes est r\u00e9gul\u00e9e par l&rsquo;hormone thrombopo\u00ef\u00e9tine.<sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Blood_Disorders\" class=\"mw-headline\">Maladies du sang <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Blood Disorders\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Blood Disorders\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>De nombreuses pathologies affectent le syst\u00e8me h\u00e9matologique humain (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire le syst\u00e8me biologique qui comprend le plasma, les plaquettes, les leucocytes, les \u00e9rythrocytes et la moelle osseuse). Les troubles sanguins sont class\u00e9s en fonction du composant sanguin affect\u00e9 et peuvent impliquer un dysfonctionnement des plaquettes, des \u00e9rythrocytes, des leucocytes, de la moelle osseuse, des ganglions lymphatiques ou des vaisseaux sanguins.<sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-32\">(32)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Erythrocyte_Disorders\" class=\"mw-headline\">Troubles des \u00e9rythrocytes<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifier la section : Troubles \u00e9rythrocytaires\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifier la section : Troubles \u00e9rythrocytaires\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les troubles des \u00e9rythrocytes se caract\u00e9risent par une alt\u00e9ration du transport de l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne des poumons vers les tissus p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques. <sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-33\">(33)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup> Ils comprennent une s\u00e9rie d&rsquo;<a title=\"An\u00e9mie\" href=\"\/Anaemia\">an\u00e9mies<\/a>, telles que la \u00ab Iron-Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia \u00bb (IRIDA), l&rsquo;an\u00e9mie sid\u00e9roblastique cong\u00e9nitale, l&rsquo;an\u00e9mie dyserythropo\u00ef\u00e9tique cong\u00e9nitale, l&rsquo;an\u00e9mie m\u00e9galoblastique (y compris l&rsquo;an\u00e9mie pernicieuse), l&rsquo;an\u00e9mie ferriprive, l&rsquo;an\u00e9mie h\u00e9molytique et la dr\u00e9panocytose. Les autres troubles \u00e9rythrocytaires comprennent la thalass\u00e9mie, la maladie h\u00e9molytique du nouveau-n\u00e9, la sph\u00e9rocytose et l&rsquo;h\u00e9mochromatose.<sup id=\"cite_ref-35\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-35\">(35)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Leukocyte_Disorders\" class=\"mw-headline\">Troubles des leucocytes<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifier la section : Troubles leucocytaires\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifier la section : Troubles leucocytaires\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les troubles leucocytaires sont des affections qui touchent les globules blancs et peuvent entra\u00eener une augmentation ou une diminution du nombre de cellules ou une alt\u00e9ration de leur fonction. Les neutrophiles et les lymphocytes sont le plus souvent touch\u00e9s. Les troubles impliquant les monocytes et les \u00e9osinophiles sont moins fr\u00e9quents, et les troubles li\u00e9s aux basophiles sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme rares.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-36\">(36)<\/a><\/sup> On observe un faible nombre de globules blancs dans des cas tels que <a title=\"Neutropenia\" href=\"\/Neutropenia\">la neutrop\u00e9nie,<\/a>le syndrome de Shwachman-Diamond,<sup id=\"cite_ref-37\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-37\">(37)<\/a><\/sup> et le syndrome de Kostmann.<sup id=\"cite_ref-38\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-38\">(38)<\/a><\/sup> Une augmentation du nombre de globules blancs survient dans des cas tels que l&rsquo;\u00e9osinophilie et la neutrophilie.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_36-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-36\">(36)<\/a><\/sup> Cliniquement, les troubles leucocytaires entra\u00eenent souvent des infections r\u00e9currentes, en particulier des sinus, des poumons et des oreilles, ainsi que des abc\u00e8s cutan\u00e9s, des plaies buccales, des maladies parodontales et des infections fongiques invasives.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_36-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-36\">(36)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Bleeding_Disorders\" class=\"mw-headline\">Troubles de la coagulation<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Modifier la section : Troubles de la coagulation\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Modifier la section : Troubles de la coagulation\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les troubles de la coagulation surviennent lorsque les facteurs de coagulation pr\u00e9sents dans le plasma sont d\u00e9ficients ou dysfonctionnels. Les exemples les plus courants sont l&rsquo;h\u00e9mophilie et la maladie de von Willebrand, qui entra\u00eenent toutes deux une alt\u00e9ration de l&rsquo;h\u00e9mostase et des saignements prolong\u00e9s\/excessifs.<sup id=\"cite_ref-39\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-39\">(39)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-40\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-40\">(40)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-41\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-41\">(41)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Summary\" class=\"mw-headline\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Summary\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Summary\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Le sang est un fluide complexe qui joue un r\u00f4le fondamental pour maintenir la vie. Les \u00e9rythrocytes sont responsables des \u00e9changes gazeux, les leucocytes constituent la base cellulaire du syst\u00e8me immunitaire et les plaquettes sont essentielles \u00e0 l&rsquo;h\u00e9mostase. Avec le plasma (le moyen de transport des nutriments, des hormones, des gaz et des d\u00e9chets), ces composants soutiennent un large \u00e9ventail de processus physiologiques.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Physiology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Senior KR, editor. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=iObZwlOu1mMC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA17&amp;dq=Rogers+K.+Blood+Physiology+and+Circulation&amp;ots=aH_Lxnj0bI&amp;sig=yU4BEN-qT-a1HC3hTJq0NPIkjKg\" rel=\"nofollow\">Blood: physiology and circulation.<\/a> The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc; 2010 Aug 15.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Mathew J, Sankar P, Varacallo M. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK531504\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Physiology, blood plasma<\/a>. 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Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2025 Sep 30;9(7):103200. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20260216104417\nCache expiry: 0\nReduced expiry: true\nComplications: (show\u2010toc)\nCPU time usage: 0.114 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.120 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 558\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 42\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 3\/100\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0\/20\nUnstrip post\u2010expand size: 21197\/5000000 bytes\n--><br \/>\n<!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%   14.876      1 Special:Contributors\/Blood_Physiology\n100.00%   14.876      1 -total\n--><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00e9dactrice originale &#8211; Alaa Kora Principaux collaborateurs &#8211; Lucinda Hampton , Jess Bell , Mandy Roscher , Kim Jackson , Tony Lowe , Tarina van der Stockt , Stacy Schiurring , Vidya Acharya , Rucha Gadgil et Olajumoke Ogunleye Contenu 1 Introduction 2 Plasma sanguin 2.1 Fonctions du plasma sanguin 3 \u00c9rythrocytes (Globules rouges) 3.1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12159","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12159"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13629,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12159\/revisions\/13629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}