{"id":12137,"date":"2025-03-23T19:21:14","date_gmt":"2025-03-23T19:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/blood-flow-restriction-training-fr\/"},"modified":"2025-03-24T11:05:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T11:05:16","slug":"blood-flow-restriction-training-fr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/blood-flow-restriction-training-fr\/","title":{"rendered":"Entra\u00eenement avec occlusion vasculaire"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\">\n<p><b>R\u00e9dactrice originale <\/b>&#8211; <a title=\"User:Vidya Acharya\" href=\"\/User:Vidya_Acharya\">Vidya Acharya<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Principales collaboratrices <\/b> &#8211; <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Vidya Acharya\" href=\"\/User:Vidya_Acharya\"><bdi>Vidya Acharya <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Mandy Roscher\" href=\"\/User:Mandy_Roscher\"><bdi>Mandy Roscher <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\" href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Tarina van der Stockt\" href=\"\/User:Tarina_van_der_Stockt\"><bdi>Tarina van der Stockt <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Chelsea Mclene\" href=\"\/User:Chelsea_Mclene\"><bdi>Chelsea Mclene<\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Lucinda hampton\" href=\"\/User:Lucinda_hampton\"><bdi>Lucinda Hampton <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Rucha Gadgil\" href=\"\/User:Rucha_Gadgil\"><bdi>Rucha Gadgil <\/bdi><\/a>, <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\" href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a> et <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Olajumoke Ogunleye\" href=\"\/User:Olajumoke_Ogunleye\"><bdi>Olajumoke Ogunleye<\/bdi><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display: none;\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Contenu<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Introduction\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Blood_Flow_Restriction_(BFR)_Training\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Entra\u00eenement avec occlusion vasculaire (EOV)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#BFR_and_Strength_Training\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">EOV et renforcement musculaire<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Understanding_the_Physiology_of_Muscle_Hypertrophy\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Comprendre la physiologie de l&rsquo;hypertrophie musculaire<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Mechanical_Tension_and_Metabolic_Stress\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Stress m\u00e9canique et m\u00e9tabolique<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Activation_of_myogenic_stem_cells\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1.1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Activation des cellules souches myog\u00e8nes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Release_of_hormones\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1.1.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Lib\u00e9ration d&rsquo;hormones<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Hypoxia\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1.1.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Hypoxie<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Cell_Swelling\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1.1.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Gonflement cellulaire<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Effects_of_Blood_Flow_Restriction_on_Muscle_Strength\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Effets de l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement avec occlusion vasculaire sur la force musculaire<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Equipment\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u00c9quipement<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#BFR_Cuff\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Brassards pour l&rsquo;EOV<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#BFR_Cuff_Width\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Largeur des brassards pour l&rsquo;EOV<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#BFR_Cuff_Material\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Mat\u00e9riau des brassards pour l&rsquo;EOV<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#BFR_Cuff_Pressure\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Pression des brassards pour l&rsquo;EOV<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#Clinical_Application\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Utilisation clinique<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#Procedure\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Proc\u00e9dure<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Exercise_Prescription\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Prescription d&rsquo;exercices<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#BFR-RE_(resistance_training)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.2.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">EOV-RE (entra\u00eenement en r\u00e9sistance)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-20\"><a href=\"#BFR-AE_(aerobic_training)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.2.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">EOV-AE (entra\u00eenement a\u00e9robie)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-21\"><a href=\"#P-BFR_(passively_without_exercise)\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.2.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">EOV-P (passif, sans exercice)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-22\"><a href=\"#Side_Effects\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Effets ind\u00e9sirables<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-23\"><a href=\"#Contraindications\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Contre-indications<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-24\"><a href=\"#Safety_Implications\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Implications en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-25\"><a href=\"#Blood_hemostasis_and_BFR\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>H\u00e9mostase et EOV<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-26\"><a href=\"#Muscle_Damage\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>L\u00e9sions musculaires<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-27\"><a href=\"#Use_of_Tourniquets\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\"><b>Utilisation de garrots<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-28\"><a href=\"#Summary\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-29\"><a href=\"#Additional_Resources\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">10<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Ressources compl\u00e9mentaires<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-30\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">11<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Introduction\" class=\"mw-headline\">Introduction<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Introduction\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La faiblesse <a title=\"Muscle\" href=\"\/Muscle\">musculaire<\/a> est fr\u00e9quente dans un grand nombre d&rsquo;affections et de pathologies. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que l&rsquo;<a title=\"Strength Training\" href=\"\/Strength_Training\">entra\u00eenement \u00e0 r\u00e9sistance<\/a> \u00e9lev\u00e9e est le moyen le plus efficace d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer la force musculaire et d&rsquo;obtenir une hypertrophie musculaire. Cependant, pour certaines populations de patient n\u00e9cessitant un renforcement musculaire, par exemple celles souffrant de <a title=\"Chronic Pain\" href=\"\/Chronic_Pain\">douleurs chroniques<\/a> ou en p\u00e9riode post-op\u00e9ratoire, les exercices \u00e0 r\u00e9sistance \u00e9lev\u00e9e et \u00e0 haute intensit\u00e9 peuvent ne pas \u00eatre appropri\u00e9s cliniquement. Les patients atteints affections entra\u00eenant une perte de masse musculaire, telles que le <a title=\"Oncology\" href=\"\/Oncology\">cancer<\/a>, le <a title=\"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)\" href=\"\/Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_(HIV)\">virus de l&rsquo;immunod\u00e9ficience humaine (VIH)<\/a>, le <a title=\"le diab\u00e8te;\" href=\"\/Diabetes\">diab\u00e8te <\/a> et la <a title=\"COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)\" href=\"\/COPD_(Chronic_Obstructive_Pulmonary_Disease)\">MPOC<\/a>, pourraient probablement retirer des bienfaits du renforcement et d&rsquo;hypertrophie musculaires, mais ils ne peuvent pas tol\u00e9rer des exercices \u00e0 haute intensit\u00e9 ou avec des charges \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;<b>entra\u00eenement avec occlusion vasculaire (EOV)<\/b>, connu sous le nom \u00ab Blood Flow Restriction \u00bb en anglais, est une technique qui combine des exercices de faible intensit\u00e9 avec une occlusion <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Blood\" href=\"\/Blood\">vasculaire <\/a> qui produit des r\u00e9sultats similaires \u00e0 ceux d&rsquo;un entra\u00eenement \u00e0 haute intensit\u00e9. Il est utilis\u00e9 dans les salles de sport depuis un certain temps, mais il gagne en popularit\u00e9 dans les milieux cliniques<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Blood_Flow_Restriction_.28BFR.29_Training\"><\/span><span id=\"Blood_Flow_Restriction_(BFR)_Training\" class=\"mw-headline\">Entra\u00eenement avec occlusion vasculaire (EOV) <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) Training\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) Training\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;EOV a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1960 au Japon et connu sous le nom de <b>\u00ab KAATSU training \u00bb<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup>. Il implique l&rsquo;application d&rsquo;un brassard pneumatique (garrot) en proximal du muscle \u00e0 entra\u00eener. On peut l&rsquo;utiliser pour les membres sup\u00e9rieurs et inf\u00e9rieurs. Le brassard est ensuite gonfl\u00e9 \u00e0 une pression sp\u00e9cifique dans le but d&rsquo;obtenir une occlusion art\u00e9rielle partielle et une occlusion veineuse compl\u00e8te. On demande ensuite au patient d&rsquo;effectuer des <a title=\"Strength Training\" href=\"\/Strength_Training\">exercices en r\u00e9sistance<\/a> \u00e0 une faible intensit\u00e9 de <b>20 \u00e0 30 % de sa r\u00e9sistance maximale (1RM)<\/b>, avec un nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de r\u00e9p\u00e9titions par s\u00e9rie (15 \u00e0 30) et des intervalles de repos courts entre les s\u00e9ries (30 secondes)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"BFR_and_Strength_Training\" class=\"mw-headline\">EOV et renforcement musculaire <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: BFR and Strength Training\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: BFR and Strength Training\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Understanding_the_Physiology_of_Muscle_Hypertrophy\" class=\"mw-headline\">Comprendre la physiologie de l&rsquo;hypertrophie musculaire <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Understanding the Physiology of Muscle Hypertrophy\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Understanding the Physiology of Muscle Hypertrophy\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;hypertrophie musculaire est l&rsquo;augmentation du diam\u00e8tre du muscle ainsi que de la quantit\u00e9 de <a title=\"Muscle Proteins\" href=\"\/Muscle_Proteins\">prot\u00e9ines <\/a> \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur des <a title=\"Muscle Fibre Types\" href=\"\/Muscle_Fibre_Types\">fibres<\/a>. L&rsquo;augmentation de la surface de la section transversale du muscle est en corr\u00e9lation directe avec l&rsquo;augmentation de la <a title=\"Muscle Strength Testing\" href=\"\/Muscle_Strength_Testing\">force<\/a><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Le <b>stress musculaire<\/b> et le <b>stress m\u00e9tabolique<\/b> sont les deux principaux facteurs responsables de l&rsquo;hypertrophie musculaire.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Mechanical_Tension_and_Metabolic_Stress\" class=\"mw-headline\">Stress m\u00e9canique et m\u00e9tabolique <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Mechanical Tension and Metabolic Stress\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Mechanical Tension and Metabolic Stress\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Lorsqu&rsquo;un muscle est soumis \u00e0 un stress m\u00e9canique, la concentration d&rsquo;<a title=\"Hormones\" href=\"\/Hormones\">hormones<\/a> anabolisantes augmente. L&rsquo;activation des cellules souches myog\u00e8nes et l&rsquo;augmentation des hormones anabolisantes entra\u00eenent un m\u00e9tabolisme des prot\u00e9ines et, de ce fait, une hypertrophie musculaire peut se produire<sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>La lib\u00e9ration d&rsquo;hormones, l&rsquo;hypoxie et le gonflement des cellules se produisent lorsqu&rsquo;un muscle est soumis \u00e0 un stress m\u00e9tabolique<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup>, autant de facteurs qui font partie de l&rsquo;anabolisme musculaire.<\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Activation_of_myogenic_stem_cells\" class=\"mw-headline\">Activation des cellules souches myog\u00e8nes <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Activation of myogenic stem cells\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Activation of myogenic stem cells\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 302px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:Myogenesis_Schematic_of_satellite_cell_myogenesis_and_markers_typical_of_each_stage.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/27\/Myogenesis_Schematic_of_satellite_cell_myogenesis_and_markers_typical_of_each_stage.jpg\/300px-Myogenesis_Schematic_of_satellite_cell_myogenesis_and_markers_typical_of_each_stage.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/27\/Myogenesis_Schematic_of_satellite_cell_myogenesis_and_markers_typical_of_each_stage.jpg\/450px-Myogenesis_Schematic_of_satellite_cell_myogenesis_and_markers_typical_of_each_stage.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/27\/Myogenesis_Schematic_of_satellite_cell_myogenesis_and_markers_typical_of_each_stage.jpg\/600px-Myogenesis_Schematic_of_satellite_cell_myogenesis_and_markers_typical_of_each_stage.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"61\" data-file-width=\"993\" data-file-height=\"201\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Myogen\u00e8se<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Les cellules souches myog\u00e8nes (<a title=\"Satellite Cell\" href=\"\/Satellite_Cell\">cellules satellites<\/a>) se trouvent entre la lame basale et la membrane plasmique des myofibres. Elles sont normalement inactives et sont activ\u00e9es en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une <a title=\"Muscle Injuries\" href=\"\/Muscle_Injuries\">blessure musculaire<\/a> ou \u00e0 un stress musculaire accru. Ces cellules sont responsables \u00e0 la fois de la r\u00e9paration des fibres musculaires endommag\u00e9es et de la croissance des fibres elles-m\u00eames<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Release_of_hormones\" class=\"mw-headline\">Lib\u00e9ration d&rsquo;hormones <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Release of hormones\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Release of hormones\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 302px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:HGH_function.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3e\/HGH_function.jpg\/300px-HGH_function.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3e\/HGH_function.jpg\/450px-HGH_function.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3e\/HGH_function.jpg\/600px-HGH_function.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"368\" data-file-width=\"764\" data-file-height=\"936\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Fonction de l&rsquo;HCH<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Tout exercice, qu&rsquo;il soit en r\u00e9sistance ou en <a title=\"Aerobic Exercise\" href=\"\/Aerobic_Exercise\">a\u00e9robie<\/a>, entra\u00eene une augmentation significative de l&rsquo;<a title=\"Growth Hormone\" href=\"\/Growth_Hormone\">hormone de croissance humaine (HCH)<\/a>. Le facteur de croissance semblable \u00e0 l&rsquo;insuline et l&rsquo;hormone de croissance sont responsables de l&rsquo;augmentation de la synth\u00e8se du <a title=\"Collagen\" href=\"\/Collagen\">collag\u00e8ne<\/a> apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;exercice et favorisent la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration musculaire. L&rsquo;hormone de croissance elle-m\u00eame n&rsquo;entra\u00eene pas directement l&rsquo;hypertrophie musculaire, mais elle favorise la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration musculaire et facilite donc potentiellement le processus de renforcement musculaire<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup>. L&rsquo;accumulation d&rsquo;acide lactique et d&rsquo;ions hydrog\u00e8ne (par exemple lors d&rsquo;un entra\u00eenement en hypoxie) augmente davantage la lib\u00e9ration de l&rsquo;hormone de croissance<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_13-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement \u00e0 haute intensit\u00e9 r\u00e9duit la myostatine et cr\u00e9e ainsi un environnement propice \u00e0 l&rsquo;hypertrophie musculaire<sup id=\"cite_ref-:10_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:10-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup>. La myostatine contr\u00f4le et inhibe la croissance cellulaire dans le tissu musculaire. Elle doit \u00eatre d\u00e9sactiv\u00e9e pour que l&rsquo;hypertrophie musculaire se produise.<\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Hypoxia\" class=\"mw-headline\">Hypoxie<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Hypoxia\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Hypoxia\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>L&rsquo;entra\u00eenement en r\u00e9sistance entra\u00eene la compression des vaisseaux sanguins dans les muscles entra\u00een\u00e9s. Il en r\u00e9sulte un environnement hypoxique d\u00fb \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction de l&rsquo;apport d&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne au muscle. L&rsquo;hypoxie active le facteur induit par l&rsquo;hypoxie (HIF-1\u03b1). Cela entra\u00eene une augmentation du <b>m\u00e9tabolisme ana\u00e9robie lactique<\/b> et la <b>production d&rsquo;acide lactique<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h5><span id=\"Cell_Swelling\" class=\"mw-headline\">Gonflement cellulaire <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Cell Swelling\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Cell Swelling\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Une accumulation de sang et de m\u00e9tabolites entra\u00eene un gonflement des cellules. Ce gonflement cellulaire provoque une r\u00e9action anabolique et entra\u00eene une hypertrophie musculaire<sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup>. Le gonflement cellulaire peut provoquer un stress m\u00e9canique qui activera ensuite les cellules souches myog\u00e8nes, comme nous l&rsquo;avons vu plus haut.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Effects_of_Blood_Flow_Restriction_on_Muscle_Strength\" class=\"mw-headline\">Effets de l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement avec occlusion vasculaire sur la force musculaire <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Effects of Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Strength\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Effects of Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Strength\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif de l&rsquo;EOV est de <b>reproduire les effets des exercices de haute intensit\u00e9<\/b> en recr\u00e9ant un environnement hypoxique \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;un brassard. Le brassard est plac\u00e9 en proximal du muscle entra\u00een\u00e9 et des exercices de faible intensit\u00e9 peuvent alors \u00eatre effectu\u00e9s. Comme le brassard limite le flux sanguin, le sang capillaire pauvre en oxyg\u00e8ne s&rsquo;accumule et il se produit une augmentation des protons et d&rsquo;acide lactique. Ainsi, les m\u00eames adaptations physiologiques du muscle (par exemple la lib\u00e9ration d&rsquo;hormones, l&rsquo;hypoxie et le gonflement des cellules) lorsque des exercices de faible intensit\u00e9 sont combin\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;EOV que lors d&rsquo;exercices \u00e0 haute intensit\u00e9.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_16-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;<b>EOV \u00e0 faible intensit\u00e9<\/b> entra\u00eene une augmentation de la circonf\u00e9rence musculaire comparativement \u00e0 l&rsquo;exercice \u00e0 faible intensit\u00e9 sans EOV. (1)<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;<b>EOV \u00e0 faible intensit\u00e9 (EOV-FI)<\/b> entra\u00eene une augmentation de la teneur en eau des cellules musculaires (gonflement des cellules)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:9_16-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:9-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup> et acc\u00e9l\u00e8re le recrutement des fibres musculaires \u00e0 contraction rapide<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup>. On suppose \u00e9galement qu&rsquo;une fois le brassard enlev\u00e9, une hyper\u00e9mie (exc\u00e8s de sang dans les vaisseaux sanguins) se produit et provoque un gonflement encore plus important des cellules<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_10-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 qu&rsquo;un <b>EOV de courte dur\u00e9e et de faible intensit\u00e9<\/b>, d&rsquo;une dur\u00e9e d&rsquo;environ 4 \u00e0 6 semaines, entra\u00eene une augmentation de 10 \u00e0 20 % de la force musculaire. Ces augmentations \u00e9taient comparables aux gains obtenus gr\u00e2ce aux exercices de haute intensit\u00e9 sans EVO<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Une \u00e9tude a compar\u00e9 (1) l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e, (2) l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 faible, (3) l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e et faible avec EOV et (4) l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 faible avec EOV. Alors que les 4 protocoles d&rsquo;exercices ont produit des augmentations du moment de force, des activations musculaires et de l&rsquo;endurance musculaire sur une p\u00e9riode de 6 semaines, les protocoles d&rsquo;exercices \u00e0 haute intensit\u00e9 (groupe 1) et EOV (groupes 3 et 4) ont produit les effets les plus importants et \u00e9taient comparables entre eux. <sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Equipment\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u00c9quipement<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Equipment\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Equipment\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"BFR_Cuff\" class=\"mw-headline\">Brassard pour l&rsquo;EOV <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: BFR Cuff\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: BFR Cuff\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;EOV n\u00e9cessite la pose d&rsquo;un brassard (<b>garrot<\/b>) sur un membre. Le brassard doit \u00eatre gonfl\u00e9 \u00e0 une pression sp\u00e9cifique qui bloque le flux veineux tout en permettant le flux art\u00e9riel pendant l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution des exercices.<\/p>\n<p>Des \u00e9quipements simples tels que des <b>tubes chirurgicaux ou des sangles \u00e9lastiques<\/b> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s dans des salles de sport pour produire cet effet<sup id=\"cite_ref-:8_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:8-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup>. Toutefois, ceux-ci ne sont pas recommand\u00e9s car ils ne permettent pas de contr\u00f4ler le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;occlusion du flux sanguin. Un diam\u00e8tre trop \u00e9troit peut \u00e9galement entra\u00eener une pression locale excessive et provoquer des l\u00e9sions tissulaires.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"BFR_Cuff_Width\" class=\"mw-headline\">Largeur des brassards pour l&rsquo;EOV <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: BFR Cuff Width\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: BFR Cuff Width\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Un brassard large est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable pour bien appliquer l&rsquo;EOV. Des brassards d&rsquo;une largeur de 10 \u00e0 12 cm sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement utilis\u00e9s. Un brassard plus large (15 cm) peut \u00eatre pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable pour permettre une occlusion uniforme. Les brassards modernes sont con\u00e7us pour s&rsquo;adapter au contour naturel du bras ou de la cuisse avec un r\u00e9tr\u00e9cissement allant de la partie proximale \u00e0 la partie distale. Il existe \u00e9galement des brassards p\u00e9cifiques pour les membres sup\u00e9rieurs et inf\u00e9rieurs qui permettent une meilleure adaptation.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"BFR_Cuff_Material\" class=\"mw-headline\">Mat\u00e9riau des brassards pour l&rsquo;EOV <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: BFR Cuff Material\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: BFR Cuff Material\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les brassards pour l&rsquo;EOV peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9lastiques ou en nylon. Les brassards les plus \u00e9troits sont normalement \u00e9lastiques et les plus larges en nylon. Avec les brassards \u00e9lastiques, il y a une pression initiale avant m\u00eame que le brassard ne soit gonfl\u00e9, ce qui se traduit par une capacit\u00e9 diff\u00e9rente \u00e0 restreindre le flux sanguin par rapport aux brassards en nylon.<sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les brassards \u00e9lastiques fournissent une pression d&rsquo;occlusion art\u00e9rielle significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que les brassards en nylon. <sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"BFR_Cuff_Pressure\" class=\"mw-headline\">Pression des brassards pour l&rsquo;EOV <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: BFR Cuff Pressure\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: BFR Cuff Pressure\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes de prescription de la pression du brassard pour l&rsquo;occlusion vasculaire<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_20-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-20\">(20) <\/a><\/sup> :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>une pression standard (utilis\u00e9e pour tous les patients), par exemple 180 mmHg;<\/li>\n<li>une pression li\u00e9e \u00e0 la pression art\u00e9rielle systolique du patient, par exemple 1,2 ou 1,5 fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la pression art\u00e9rielle systolique;<\/li>\n<li>une pression relative \u00e0 la circonf\u00e9rence de la cuisse du patient.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Il est plus s\u00e9curitaire d&rsquo;utiliser une pression adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 chaque patient, car des pressions diff\u00e9rentes entra\u00eenent une occlusion du flux sanguin pour tous les individus dans les m\u00eames conditions.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_20-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Une \u00e9chographie Doppler ou une pl\u00e9thysmographie peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es pour d\u00e9terminer le flux sanguin dans le membre. Le brassard est gonfl\u00e9 jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 atteindre une pression sp\u00e9cifique o\u00f9 le flux sanguin art\u00e9riel est compl\u00e8tement obstru\u00e9. C&rsquo;est ce qu&rsquo;on appelle la pression d&rsquo;occlusion du membre (POM) ou la pression d&rsquo;occlusion art\u00e9rielle (POA). La pression du brassard est alors calcul\u00e9e en pourcentage de la POM, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 40 % et 80 %.<\/p>\n<p>Cette m\u00e9thode est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable car elle permet de s&rsquo;assurer que les patients s&rsquo;exercent avec la bonne pression pour eux et pour le type de brassard utilis\u00e9. Cette m\u00e9thode est plus s\u00e9curitaire et permet de s&rsquo;assurer que les exercices sont effectu\u00e9s avec une pression optimale, ni trop \u00e9lev\u00e9e pour ne pas endommager les tissus, ni trop faible au point d&rsquo;\u00eatre inefficace.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_20-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La pression du brassard d\u00e9pend de sa largeur et de la taille du membre sur lequel il est appliqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>La cl\u00e9 de l&rsquo;EOV est que la pression doit \u00eatre suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9e pour bloquer le retour veineux et permettre l&rsquo;accumulation de sang, mais pas trop, car le flux art\u00e9riel doit \u00eatre maintenu<sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup>. La perception de la pression du brassard, sur une \u00e9chelle de 0 \u00e0 10, a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e pour l&rsquo;EOV. Wilson et al (2013) ont constat\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une perception de pression du brassard de 7 sur 10 entra\u00eenait une occlusion veineuse totale, mais permettait quand m\u00eame un flux art\u00e9riel<sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Clinical_Application\" class=\"mw-headline\">Utilisation clinique <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Clinical Application\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Clinical Application\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;EOV a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour obtenir une hypertrophie musculaire chez les athl\u00e8tes et les personnes s&rsquo;entra\u00eenant de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9cr\u00e9ative. Il peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 dans les populations cliniques qui ne peuvent pas effectuer d&rsquo;exercices \u00e0 haute intensit\u00e9 en raison du stade de leur affection ou de leur pathologie.<sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Vid\u00e9os d&rsquo;exemple d&rsquo;EOV en clinique (en anglais original) :<\/p>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-4\">\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 258px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 250px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FbXSdCm8Q6U?\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-right\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-4\">\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 258px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 250px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2fMUpxqJq48?\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-right\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-4\">\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 258px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 250px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pDiLSj6ixTo?\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-right\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Procedure\" class=\"mw-headline\">Proc\u00e9dure<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Procedure\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Procedure\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Membre sup\u00e9rieur<\/b> : le garrot est plac\u00e9 sur la partie sup\u00e9rieure du bras. Le brassard est gonfl\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 entraver 50 % du flux sanguin art\u00e9riel et 100 % du flux veineux.<\/p>\n<p><b>Membre inf\u00e9rieur<\/b> : le garrot est plac\u00e9 sur la partie sup\u00e9rieure de la cuisse. Le brassard est gonfl\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 entraver 80 % du flux sanguin art\u00e9riel et 100 % du flux veineux. Une fois le brassard gonfl\u00e9 \u00e0 la bonne pression, des exercices normaux sont effectu\u00e9s \u00e0 environ 20-30% de la 1RM.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Exercise_Prescription\" class=\"mw-headline\">Prescription d&rsquo;exercices <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Exercise Prescription\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18\">\u00e9diter<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Exercise Prescription\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\">source d&rsquo;\u00e9dition<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La prescription d&rsquo;exercices pour l&rsquo;EOV varie selon qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un entra\u00eenement en r\u00e9sistance (EOV-RE), d&rsquo;un entra\u00eenement en a\u00e9robie (EOV-AE) ou d&rsquo;un entra\u00eenement passif sans exercice (EOV-P)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 502px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:BFR1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3a\/BFR1.jpg\/500px-BFR1.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3a\/BFR1.jpg\/750px-BFR1.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3a\/BFR1.jpg\/1000px-BFR1.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"388\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"930\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Mod\u00e8le de prescription d&rsquo;exercices pour l&rsquo;EOV-RE<sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_30-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4><span id=\"BFR-RE_.28resistance_training.29\"><\/span><span id=\"BFR-RE_(resistance_training)\" class=\"mw-headline\">EOV-RE (entra\u00eenement en r\u00e9sistance) <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: BFR-RE (resistance training)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: BFR-RE (resistance training)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 502px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:BFR2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/af\/BFR2.jpg\/500px-BFR2.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/af\/BFR2.jpg\/750px-BFR2.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/af\/BFR2.jpg\/1000px-BFR2.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"260\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"625\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Mod\u00e8le de prescription d&rsquo;exercices pour l&rsquo;EOV-AE<sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_30-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Pour des r\u00e9sultats optimaux, l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement en r\u00e9sistance devrait id\u00e9alement \u00eatre effectu\u00e9 2 \u00e0 4 fois par semaine. En th\u00e9orie, l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement en force avec l&rsquo;EOV peut \u00eatre effectu\u00e9 tous les jours, mais ce n&rsquo;est peut-\u00eatre pas la meilleure strat\u00e9gie \u00e0 long terme et l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement 1 \u00e0 2 fois par jour ne devrait \u00eatre effectu\u00e9 que sur des p\u00e9riodes plus courtes, soit de 1 \u00e0 3 semaines. L&rsquo;EOV-RE est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une modalit\u00e9 d&rsquo;exercice \u00e0 articulation unique pour l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement de la force.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_30-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;hypertrophie musculaire gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&rsquo;EOV-RE peut \u00eatre observ\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur de 3 semaines, mais la plupart des \u00e9tudes pr\u00e9cisent que cela peut prendre plus de 3 semaines.<\/p>\n<p>Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une charge de 20-40% de la 1 RM produit des adaptations musculaires constantes avec l&rsquo;EOV-RE.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le volume d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement le plus couramment utilis\u00e9 dans la litt\u00e9rature est de 75 r\u00e9p\u00e9titions r\u00e9parties en 4 s\u00e9ries (30, 15, 15, 15).<\/li>\n<li>Les p\u00e9riodes de repos entre les s\u00e9ries sont normalement de 30 \u00e0 60 secondes.<\/li>\n<li>Il est important de maintenir le brassard gonfl\u00e9 pendant les p\u00e9riodes de repos pour capturer les m\u00e9tabolites. Il est possible d&rsquo;utiliser une pression intermittente, mais celle-ci n&rsquo;est pas aussi efficace qu&rsquo;une pression continue.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_30-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width: 502px;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"\/File:BFR3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/94\/BFR3.jpg\/500px-BFR3.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/94\/BFR3.jpg\/750px-BFR3.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/94\/BFR3.jpg\/1000px-BFR3.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"258\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"618\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Mod\u00e8le de prescription d&rsquo;exercices pour l&rsquo;EOV-P<sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_30-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>La pression n\u00e9cessaire pour bloquer le flux sanguin dans le membre d\u00e9pend de la taille du membre, des tissus mous sous-jacents, de la largeur du brassard et du dispositif utilis\u00e9. La pression d&rsquo;occlusion art\u00e9rielle appliqu\u00e9e varie selon qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un membre sup\u00e9rieur ou inf\u00e9rieur et doit \u00eatre comprise entre 40% et 80%.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_30-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"BFR-AE_.28aerobic_training.29\"><\/span><span id=\"BFR-AE_(aerobic_training)\" class=\"mw-headline\">EOV-AE (entra\u00eenement a\u00e9robie) <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: BFR-AE (aerobic training)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: BFR-AE (aerobic training)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>L&rsquo;EOV peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 au cours d&rsquo;un exercice a\u00e9robique et, dans la recherche, il a g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9 pendant la marche ou le cyclisme. Il est un peu plus difficile de maintenir la pression du brassard et il y a un manque de standardisation dans la litt\u00e9rature sur la pression du brassard pendant l&rsquo;EOV-AE.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_30-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup>De plus, il existe peu de preuves que l&rsquo;EOV am\u00e9liore la capacit\u00e9 a\u00e9robie et les performances chez les athl\u00e8tes.<sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"P-BFR_.28passively_without_exercise.29\"><\/span><span id=\"P-BFR_(passively_without_exercise)\" class=\"mw-headline\">EOV-P (passif, sans exercice) <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: P-BFR (passively without exercise)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: P-BFR (passively without exercise)\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>L&rsquo;EOV appliqu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re passive (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire que l&rsquo;on applique l&rsquo;EOV sans faire d&rsquo;exercice) n&rsquo;a pas fait l&rsquo;objet de recherches approfondies. Cependant, des r\u00e9sultats positifs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenus dans la r\u00e9duction de l&rsquo;atrophie musculaire apr\u00e8s une reconstruction du ligament crois\u00e9 ant\u00e9rieur. Les \u00e9tudes r\u00e9alis\u00e9es n&rsquo;ont pas utilis\u00e9 de pressions standardis\u00e9es et certaines pressions utilis\u00e9es \u00e9taient suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour entra\u00eener une occlusion compl\u00e8te du flux sanguin, ce qui pr\u00e9sente des risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. L&rsquo;EOV-P pourrait potentiellement \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour les patients en phase postop\u00e9ratoire, mais des recherches suppl\u00e9mentaires sont n\u00e9cessaires.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_30-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Side_Effects\" class=\"mw-headline\">Effets ind\u00e9sirables <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Side Effects\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Side Effects\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les effets secondaires signal\u00e9s lors de l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution des exercices BFR sont des \u00e9vanouissements et des \u00e9tourdissements, des engourdissements, des douleurs et de l&rsquo;inconfort, des douleurs musculaires d&rsquo;apparition retard\u00e9e<sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-32\">(32)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Contraindications\" class=\"mw-headline\">Contre-indications<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Contraindications\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Contraindications\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Il faut \u00e9valuer les risques et les contre-indications li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;un garrot chez tous les patients avant de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l&rsquo;EOV.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les patients susceptibles de pr\u00e9senter des effets ind\u00e9sirables sont ceux qui souffrent d&rsquo;une <a title=\"Syst\u00e8me cardiovasculaire\" href=\"\/Cardiovascular_System\">mauvaise circulation<\/a>, d&rsquo;<a title=\"Ob\u00e9sit\u00e9\" href=\"\/Obesity\">ob\u00e9sit\u00e9<\/a>, de diab\u00e8te, de calcification art\u00e9rielle, de trait <a title=\"Sickle Cell Anemia\" href=\"\/Sickle_Cell_Anemia\">dr\u00e9panocytaire<\/a>, d&rsquo;<a title=\"Hypertension\" href=\"\/Hypertension\">hypertension<\/a> s\u00e9v\u00e8re ou d&rsquo;insuffisance r\u00e9nale<sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-33\">(33)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>Les contre-indications potentielles \u00e0 prendre en compte sont la thromboembolie veineuse, l&rsquo;atteinte vasculaire p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique, l&rsquo;an\u00e9mie dr\u00e9panocytaire, l&rsquo;infection du membre, la lymphad\u00e9nectomie, le cancer ou la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;une tumeur, l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la dialyse au niveau du membre, l&rsquo;acidose, la fracture ouverte, l&rsquo;augmentation de la pression intracr\u00e2nienne, les greffes vasculaires ou les m\u00e9dicaments connus pour augmenter le risque de caillots <sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_13-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Safety_Implications\" class=\"mw-headline\">Implications en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Safety Implications\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Safety Implications\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les implications de l&rsquo;EOV en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sont contradictoires. Les pr\u00e9occupations relatives \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 concernent principalement le d\u00e9veloppement de thromboembolies veineuses (<a title=\"Deep Vein Thrombosis\" href=\"\/Deep_Vein_Thrombosis\">thrombose veineuse profonde<\/a> et <a title=\"Pulmonary Embolism\" href=\"\/Pulmonary_Embolism\">embolie pulmonaire<\/a>) et de l\u00e9sions musculaires<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_20-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup>. Les diff\u00e9rentes pr\u00e9occupations relatives \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et leurs implications sont discut\u00e9es ci-dessous :<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Blood_hemostasis_and_BFR\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>H\u00e9mostase et EOV <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Blood hemostasis and BFR\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Blood hemostasis and BFR\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Le sang a la capacit\u00e9 de coaguler gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents syst\u00e8mes de coagulation. La coagulation sanguine est contr\u00f4l\u00e9e en partie par le syst\u00e8me fibrinolytique. La fibrinolyse peut aider \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir l&rsquo;\u00e9volution d&rsquo;un caillot sanguin en une thromboembolie veineuse.<\/p>\n<p>Une revue syst\u00e9matique men\u00e9e par da Cunha Nascimento et al. (2019) a \u00e9valu\u00e9 les effets \u00e0 court et \u00e0 long terme sur l&rsquo;h\u00e9mostase sanguine (l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre entre la fibrinolyse et la coagulation). On y conclut que des recherches suppl\u00e9mentaires doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9es avant que des lignes directrices d\u00e9finitives puissent \u00eatre \u00e9mises.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Dans cette \u00e9tude, les auteurs ont exprim\u00e9 les inqui\u00e9tudes suivantes<sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_34-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>les effets ind\u00e9sirables n&rsquo;ont pas toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s;<\/li>\n<li>le niveau d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement pr\u00e9alable des participants n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas indiqu\u00e9, ce qui fait une diff\u00e9rence significative dans la r\u00e9ponse physiologique;<\/li>\n<li>les pressions utilis\u00e9es dans les \u00e9tudes \u00e9taient extr\u00eamement variables, avec des m\u00e9thodes d&rsquo;occlusion et des crit\u00e8res d&rsquo;occlusion diff\u00e9rents;<\/li>\n<li>la plupart des \u00e9tudes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es \u00e0 court terme et les r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 long terme n&rsquo;ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9es;<\/li>\n<li>les \u00e9tudes portaient sur des participants en bonne sant\u00e9 et non sur des participants pr\u00e9sentant un risque de troubles thromboemboliques, un trouble de la fibrinolyse, un diab\u00e8te ou une ob\u00e9sit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Leur conclusion finale sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;EOV est la suivante<sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_34-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup> :<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00ab\u00a0Les praticiens doivent donc prendre en compte les donn\u00e9es probantes disponibles et se poser les questions suivantes :<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Est-ce que le patient est suffisamment semblable aux participants des \u00e9tudes que l&rsquo;on a analys\u00e9es ?<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Est-ce que le traitement pr\u00e9sente des avantages cliniquement int\u00e9ressants qui l&#8217;emportent sur les risques potentiels ?<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Existe-t-il un autre traitement qui donnerait de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats ?\u00a0\u00bb <sup id=\"cite_ref-:11_34-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:11-34\">(34)<\/a><\/sup><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OZjn6vAXJSE?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-35\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-35\">(35)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Muscle_Damage\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>L\u00e9sions musculaires <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Muscle Damage\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Muscle Damage\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, il est bien \u00e9tabli que des exercices inhabituels provoquent des l\u00e9sions musculaires et des <a title=\"Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness\" href=\"\/Delayed_Onset_Muscle_Soreness\">douleurs musculaires d&rsquo;apparition retard\u00e9e<\/a> (D.O.M.S. pour \u00ab\u00a0delayed-onset muscle soreness\u00a0\u00bb), en particulier si les exercices impliquent un grand nombre d&rsquo;efforts excentriques. Les D.O.M.S. sont normales apr\u00e8s des exercices inhabituels, y compris apr\u00e8s un EOV avec des charges l\u00e9g\u00e8res, et devraient dispara\u00eetre dans les 24 \u00e0 72 heures<a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">(2)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Les exercices en r\u00e9sistance avec des charges \u00e9lev\u00e9es, peu importe leur forme, peuvent entra\u00eener des l\u00e9sions musculaires. La d\u00e9gradation excessive des muscles stri\u00e9s est connue sous le nom de <a title=\"Rhabdomyolysis\" href=\"\/Rhabdomyolysis\">rhabdomyolyse <\/a> d&rsquo;effort et peut entra\u00eener des l\u00e9sions organiques<sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_30-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup>. L&rsquo;incidence de la rhabdomyolyse due \u00e0 l&rsquo;EOV est tr\u00e8s faible (environ 0,07 %-0,2 %). Elle semble similaire \u00e0 celle de la rhabdomyolyse survenant dans un entra\u00eenement normal en r\u00e9sistance avec des charges \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Des craintes existent concernant la possibilit\u00e9 que le stress m\u00e9tabolique accru caus\u00e9 par l&rsquo;EVO, m\u00eame avec des charges faibles, puisse d\u00e9clencher une rhabdomyolyse. Toutefois, l&rsquo;incidence est si faible que les donn\u00e9es probantes actuelles ne sugg\u00e8rent pas qu&rsquo;il existe un risque accru de rhabdomyolyse par l&rsquo;EVO par rapport \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres formes d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement en r\u00e9sistance<sup id=\"cite_ref-:12_30-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:12-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup>. Cependant, une revue syst\u00e9matique r\u00e9cente analysant les donn\u00e9es probantes \u00e0 propos des dommages musculaires apr\u00e8s des s\u00e9ances d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement en r\u00e9sistance avec occlusion du flux sanguin sugg\u00e8re que l&rsquo;EVO pratiqu\u00e9 avec des charges \u00e9lev\u00e9es et jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 \u00e9chec entra\u00eene des dommages musculaires importants et que cette m\u00e9thode d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement devrait \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9e. Les r\u00e9sultats soulignent que le degr\u00e9 de dommage musculaire semble \u00eatre att\u00e9nu\u00e9 apr\u00e8s une premi\u00e8re s\u00e9ance d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement en r\u00e9sistance avec l&rsquo;EOV, ce qui d\u00e9montre un effet protecteur gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce type d&rsquo;exercice. Par cons\u00e9quent, les professionnels peuvent utiliser un principe d&rsquo;augmentation progressive de la charge dans la structure de l&rsquo;entra\u00eenement en r\u00e9sistance avec des programmes d&rsquo;EOV dans des contextes cliniques.<sup id=\"cite_ref-36\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-36\">(36)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Use_of_Tourniquets\" class=\"mw-headline\"><b>Utilisation de garrots <\/b><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Use of Tourniquets\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Use of Tourniquets\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Avec l&rsquo;utilisation de syst\u00e8mes modernes, le risque de complications dues au garrot est tr\u00e8s faible et se situe entre 0,04 % et 0,8 %. Cependant, l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;un garrot comporte un risque inh\u00e9rent. Voici quelques-unes des complications courantes<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_13-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>les <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Nerve Injury Rehabilitation Physiotherapy\" href=\"\/Nerve_Injury_Rehabilitation_Physiotherapy\">l\u00e9sions nerveuses<\/a>: la compression m\u00e9canique et l&rsquo;isch\u00e9mie neuronale jouent un r\u00f4le important.<sup id=\"cite_ref-37\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-37\">(37)<\/a><\/sup> Les l\u00e9sions nerveuses peuvent aller d&rsquo;une l\u00e9g\u00e8re perte de fonction transitoire \u00e0 des l\u00e9sions irr\u00e9versibles et \u00e0 la paralysie;<\/li>\n<li>les l\u00e9sions <a title=\"Skin\" href=\"\/Skin\">cutan\u00e9es<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>les douleurs dues au garrot;<\/li>\n<li>les br\u00fblures chimiques;<\/li>\n<li>les effets respiratoires, cardiovasculaires, circulatoires c\u00e9r\u00e9braux et h\u00e9matologiques caus\u00e9s par une isch\u00e9mie prolong\u00e9e;<\/li>\n<li>les changements de temp\u00e9rature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Summary\" class=\"mw-headline\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Summary\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Summary\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;EOV peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une nouvelle modalit\u00e9 clinique permettant d&rsquo;obtenir des adaptations physiologiques chez les personnes qui ne peuvent pas tol\u00e9rer en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des exercices \u00e0 haute intensit\u00e9 ou qui ne peuvent pas produire d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 musculaire volontaire. Toutefois, il est n\u00e9cessaire de poursuivre les recherches pour \u00e9tablir les param\u00e8tres d&rsquo;une application s\u00e9curitaire avant son utilisation clinique g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup>. \u00ab Les professionnels de sant\u00e9 doivent \u00e9galement s&rsquo;assurer qu&rsquo;ils ont re\u00e7u une formation ad\u00e9quate et qu&rsquo;ils utilisent le bon \u00e9quipement d&rsquo;EOV et les bonnes techniques de prescription de pression pour garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de leurs patients.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_20-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup> \u00bb<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Additional_Resources\" class=\"mw-headline\">Ressources suppl\u00e9mentaires <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Additional Resources\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Additional Resources\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-4\">\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 258px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 250px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FZWhPx5u9K0?\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-right\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-38\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-38\">(38)<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-4\">\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 258px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 250px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WyQN8ct-TsU?\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-right\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-39\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-39\">(39)<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-4\">\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 258px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 250px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0umm5WJBNZc?\" width=\"250\" height=\"141\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-right\"><sup id=\"cite_ref-40\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-40\">(40)<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hamilton, David &amp; MacKenzie, Matthew &amp; Baar, Keith. (2009). Molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle hypertrophy Using molecular biology to understand muscle growth. Accessed from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/235702201_Using_molecular_biology_to_understand_muscle_growth\/stats\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/235702201_Using_molecular_biology_to_understand_muscle_growth\/stats<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Miller BC, Tirko AW, Shipe JM, Sumeriski OR, Moran K. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8329318\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">The systemic effects of blood flow restriction training: a systematic review<\/a>. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021 Aug 2;16(4):978-90. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Wooten SV, Fleming RYD, Wolf JS Jr, Stray-Gundersen S, Bartholomew JB, Mendoza D, et al. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0748798321005333\" rel=\"nofollow\">Prehabilitation program composed of blood flow restriction training and sports nutrition improves physical functions in abdominal cancer patients awaiting surgery<\/a>. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2021 Nov;47(11):2952-8. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Alves TC, Pugliesi Abdalla P, Bohn L, Da Silva LSL, Dos Santos AP, et al. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-19857-3\" rel=\"nofollow\">Acute and chronic cardiometabolic responses induced by resistance training with blood flow restriction in HIV patients<\/a>. Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 10;12(1):16989.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Jones MT, Aguiar EJ, Winchester LJ. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-4540\/2\/4\/16\/htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">Proposed mechanisms of blood flow restriction exercise for the improvement of type 1 diabetes pathologies<\/a>. <i>Diabetology<\/i>. 2021; 2(4):176-89.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pitsillides A, Stasinopoulos D, Mamais I. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1360859221000899\" rel=\"nofollow\">Blood flow restriction training in patients with knee osteoarthritis: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials<\/a>. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jul;27:477-86. <\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_7-0\">7.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_7-1\">7.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">VanWye WR, Weatherholt AM, Mikesky AE. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5609669\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Blood flow restriction training: Implementation into clinical practice.<\/a> International journal of exercise science. 2017;10(5):649.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Loenneke JP, Fahs CA, Rossow LM, Sherk VD, Thiebaud RS, Abe T, Bemben DA, Bemben MG. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4133131\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Effects of cuff width on arterial occlusion: implications for blood flow restricted exercise<\/a>. European journal of applied physiology. 2012 Aug 1;112(8):2903-12.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:5-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_9-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Accessed from<a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sportsmed.org\/AOSSMIMIS\/members\/downloads\/SMU\/2017Spring.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.sportsmed.org\/AOSSMIMIS\/members\/downloads\/SMU\/2017Spring.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_10-0\">10.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_10-1\">10.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pope ZK, Willardson JM, Schoenfeld BJ. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/nsca-jscr\/fulltext\/2013\/10000\/Exercise_and_Blood_Flow_Restriction.37.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow\">Exercise and blood flow restriction.<\/a> The Journal of Strength &amp; Conditioning Research. 2013 Oct 1;27(10):2914-26.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_11-0\">11.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_11-1\">11.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bonnieu A, Carnac G, Vernus B. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2647158\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Myostatin in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle<\/a>. Current genomics. 2007 Nov 1;8(7):415-22.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:10-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:10_12-0\">12.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:10_12-1\">12.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Luke O&rsquo;Brien. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/learn\/blood-flow-restriction-therapy\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Blood Flow Restriction Therapy Course<\/a>. Plus. 2019<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_13-0\">13.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_13-1\">13.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_13-2\">13.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_13-3\">13.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Johnny Owens. Owens Recovery Science. Blood Flow Restriction Rehabilitation Accessed from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.owensrecoveryscience.com\/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIoda_9I6q8AIVxgorCh0YFgd2EAAYASAAEgK3APD_BwE\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.owensrecoveryscience.com\/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIoda_9I6q8AIVxgorCh0YFgd2EAAYASAAEgK3APD_BwE<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_14-0\">14.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_14-1\">14.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">de Freitas MC, Gerosa-Neto J, Zanchi NE, Lira FS, Rossi FE. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5489423\/#B11\" rel=\"nofollow\">Role of metabolic stress for enhancing muscle adaptations: practical applications.<\/a> World journal of methodology. 2017 Jun 26;7(2):46.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Wideman L, Weltman JY, Hartman ML, Veldhuis JD, Weltman A. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12457419\" rel=\"nofollow\">Growth hormone release during acute and chronic aerobic and resistance exercise.<\/a> Sports medicine. 2002 Dec 1;32(15):987-1004.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:9-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:9_16-0\">16.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:9_16-1\">16.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:9_16-2\">16.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Joy JM, Loenneke JP, Naimo MA. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/nsca-jscr\/fulltext\/2013\/11000\/Practical_Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training.20.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow\">Practical blood flow restriction training increases acute determinants of hypertrophy without increasing indices of muscle damage.<\/a> The Journal of Strength &amp; Conditioning Research. 2013 Nov 1;27(11):3068-75.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:6-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_17-0\">17.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_17-1\">17.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Spranger MD, Krishnan AC, Levy PD, O&rsquo;Leary DS, Smith SA. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/full\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00208.2015?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&amp;rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&amp;rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed\" rel=\"nofollow\">Blood flow restriction training and the exercise pressor reflex: a call for concern<\/a>. 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Arthroscopy techniques. 2018 Oct 1;7(10):e1037-43.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:11-34\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:11_34-0\">34.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:11_34-1\">34.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:11_34-2\">34.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:11_34-3\">34.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">da Cunha Nascimento D, Petriz B, da Cunha Oliveira S, Vieira DC, Funghetto SS, Silva AO, Prestes J. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/effects-of-blood-flow-restriction-exercise-on-hemostasis-a-systematic--peer-reviewed-article-IJGM\" rel=\"nofollow\">Effects of blood flow restriction exercise on hemostasis: a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized trials.<\/a> International Journal of General Medicine. 2019;12:91.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-35\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-35\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Resistance training and coagulation system &#8211; Video Abstract ID 194883 Dove Medical Press Available at <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OZjn6vAXJSE\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OZjn6vAXJSE<\/a><\/span> <\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-36\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-36\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">de Queiros VS, Dos Santos \u00cdK, Almeida-Neto PF, Dantas M, de Fran\u00e7a IM, Vieira WH, Neto GR, Dantas PM, Cabral BG. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0253521\" rel=\"nofollow\">Effect of resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle damage markers in adults<\/a>: A systematic review. Plos one. 2021 Jun 18;16(6):e0253521.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-37\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-37\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">JP Sharma, R Salhotra &#8211; Indian journal of orthopaedics, 2012 <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3421924\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Tourniquets in orthopaedic surgery<\/a>. Indian J Orthop.Jul-Aug 2012, v.46(4).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-38\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-38\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Blood Flow Restriction Training American Physical Therapy Association Available at <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FZWhPx5u9K0\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FZWhPx5u9K0<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-39\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-39\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Sports Kongres. Symposium: Blood flow restricted exercise in rehabilitation. Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/WyQN8ct-TsU\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/WyQN8ct-TsU<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-40\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-40\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">TheIHMC. Jim Stray-Gundersen &#8211; Blood Flow Restriction Training: Anti-aging medicine for the busy baby boomer. Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/0umm5WJBNZc\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/0umm5WJBNZc<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20241113090338 Cache expiry: 0 Reduced expiry: true Complications: (show\u2010toc) CPU time usage: 0.177 seconds Real time usage: 0.191 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 752\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 246\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/100 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 29323\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 13.892 1 Special:Contributors\/Blood_Flow_Restriction_Training 100.00% 13.892 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00e9dactrice originale &#8211; Vidya Acharya Principales collaboratrices &#8211; Vidya Acharya , Mandy Roscher , Kim Jackson , Tarina van der Stockt , Chelsea Mclene, Lucinda Hampton , Rucha Gadgil , Jess Bell et Olajumoke Ogunleye Contenu 1 Introduction 2 Entra\u00eenement avec occlusion vasculaire (EOV) 3 EOV et renforcement musculaire 3.1 Comprendre la physiologie de l&rsquo;hypertrophie [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12137","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12137","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12137"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12138,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12137\/revisions\/12138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}