{"id":8485,"date":"2024-01-22T03:41:46","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T03:41:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/chronic-cardiopulmonary-adaptations-to-exercise-de\/"},"modified":"2025-05-26T08:39:05","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T08:39:05","slug":"chronic-cardiopulmonary-adaptations-to-exercise-de","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/chronic-cardiopulmonary-adaptations-to-exercise-de\/","title":{"rendered":"Chronische kardiopulmonale Trainingsanpassungen"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\">\n<p><b>Originale Autorin <\/b>&#8211; <a title=\"User:Wanda van Niekerk\" href=\"\/User:Wanda_van_Niekerk\">Wanda van Niekerk<\/a> basierend auf dem Kurs von <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/instructor\/dr-james-laskin\/\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">James Laskin<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Top-Beitragende<\/b> &#8211; <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Wanda van Niekerk\" href=\"\/User:Wanda_van_Niekerk\"><bdi>Wanda van Niekerk<\/bdi><\/a> und <a class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\" href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Auf dieser Seite geht es um chronische Anpassungen an Trainingsreize, d. h. Ver\u00e4nderungen, die auftreten, wenn eine Person regelm\u00e4\u00dfig trainiert oder ein f\u00fcr ihre spezifischen Ziele und ihren Sport geeignetes Trainingsprogramm absolviert.<\/p>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display: none;\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Inhalt<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Adaptations_to_Training\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Trainingsanpassungen<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Cardiovascular_Changes_at_Rest\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Kardiovaskul\u00e4re Ver\u00e4nderungen in Ruhe<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Cardiovascular_Changes_with_Exercise\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Kardiovaskul\u00e4re Ver\u00e4nderungen bei k\u00f6rperlicher Belastung<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Respiratory_Adaptations_to_Training_at_Rest\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Respiratorische Trainingsanpassungen in Ruhe<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Respiratory_Adaptations_to_Training_with_Exercise\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Respiratorische Trainingsanpassungen unter Belastung<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Metabolic_and_Morphologic_Adaptations_to_Training_at_Rest\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Metabolische und morphologische Trainingsanpassungen in Ruhe<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Metabolic_and_Morphologic_Adaptations_to_Training_with_Exercise\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1.6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Metabolische und morphologische Trainingsanpassungen unter Belastung<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Adaptations_to_Aerobic_Training\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Anpassungen an das aerobe Training<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Cardiorespiratory_Endurance\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Kardiorespiratorische Ausdauer<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Cardiovascular\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Kardiovaskul\u00e4r<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Referenzen<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Adaptations_to_Training\" class=\"mw-headline\">Trainingsanpassungen <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Adaptations to Training\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Adaptations to Training\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span id=\"Cardiovascular_Changes_at_Rest\" class=\"mw-headline\">Kardiovaskul\u00e4re Ver\u00e4nderungen in Ruhe <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Cardiovascular Changes at Rest\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Cardiovascular Changes at Rest\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Sobald eine Person regelm\u00e4\u00dfig trainiert, zeigen sich bestimmte Ver\u00e4nderungen bereits im Ruhezustand (z. B. Ver\u00e4nderungen vor dem Training \/ Woche 0 gegen\u00fcber Ver\u00e4nderungen nach dem Training \/ Woche 12). Dazu geh\u00f6ren:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>eine Verringerung der Ruheherzfrequenz (Ruhepuls):\n<ul>\n<li>durch die Verringerung des sympathischen Antriebs<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>durch die Verringerung der atrialen Kontraktionsrate<sup id=\"cite_ref-:7_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:7-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Beachten Sie, dass der normale Ruhepuls 60 bis 100 Schl\u00e4ge pro Minute betr\u00e4gt<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Zunahme des Schlagvolumens (SV)<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YEvm-Otmpw4?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Senkung des Blutdrucks:<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>die Senkung des systolischen Blutdrucks wird gr\u00f6\u00dfer sein als die Senkung des diastolischen Blutdrucks<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup> &#8211; dies h\u00e4ngt mit einer Abnahme des peripheren Gef\u00e4\u00dfwiderstands zusammen<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Zunahme des Gesamtblutvolumens bei gleichbleibender H\u00e4moglobinkonzentration:\n<ul>\n<li>Blutvolumen = Menge des durch den K\u00f6rper zirkulierenden Blutes<\/li>\n<li>Zunahme des Plasmavolumens<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Zunahme der roten Blutk\u00f6rperchen<\/li>\n<li>Zunahme der H\u00e4moglobinmasse<sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>die Sauerstofftransportkapazit\u00e4t steigt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Cardiovascular_Changes_with_Exercise\" class=\"mw-headline\">Kardiovaskul\u00e4re Ver\u00e4nderungen bei k\u00f6rperlicher Belastung <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Cardiovascular Changes with Exercise\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Cardiovascular Changes with Exercise\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Dabei werden die Ver\u00e4nderungen bei der Belastung vor und nach dem Trainingsprogramm verglichen. Um diese zu erfassen kann eine Person beispielsweise vor Beginn eines Trainingsprogramms (Woche 0) einen abgestuften Belastungstest durchf\u00fchren und diesen dann in Woche 12 wiederholen.<\/p>\n<p>Bei jeglicher gegebenen Arbeitsbelastung sind unter anderem folgende Ver\u00e4nderungen m\u00f6glich:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Verringerung der Herzfrequenz<\/li>\n<li>Zunahme des Schlagvolumens bis zu 50 % der maximalen Arbeitsbelastung<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Erh\u00f6hung der Kontraktilit\u00e4t des Herzmuskels<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Zunahme des ventrikul\u00e4ren Volumens<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><i>das Herzzeitvolumen (HZV) bleibt bei jeglicher Belastung gleich<\/i> (vor vs. nach dem Trainingsprogramm)\n<ul>\n<li>dies geschieht durch den Ausgleich zwischen erh\u00f6htem Schlagvolumen und geringerer Herzfrequenz<\/li>\n<li>Herzzeitvolumen (HZV) = Schlagvolumen (SV) x Herzfrequenz (HF)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>ein Anstieg des Herzzeitvolumens ist nur bei maximaler Herzfrequenz (HF<sub>max<\/sub>) zu verzeichnen, aufgrund der gleichzeitigen Erh\u00f6hung des Schlagvolumens (denken Sie daran, dass die maximale Herzfrequenz nicht trainierbar ist, so dass bei maximaler Herzfrequenz und einer Erh\u00f6hung des Schlagvolumens dies zu einem erh\u00f6hten Herzzeitvolumen bei maximaler Herzfrequenz f\u00fchrt)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>eine Abnahme des Herzzeitvolumens kann nur bei einer \u00c4nderung der Leistungsf\u00e4higkeit oder einem erheblichen Gewichtsverlust auftreten<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_13-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Verringerung des Blutflusses pro Kilogramm arbeitender Muskulatur bei submaximaler Belastung\n<ul>\n<li>trainierte Muskeln haben eine erh\u00f6hte Kapazit\u00e4t zur Sauerstoffextraktion (O<sub>2<\/sub>) aufgrund verbesserter Diffusionsf\u00e4higkeit und oxidativer Kapazit\u00e4t<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>durch die Abnahme des Blutflusses in den Muskeln kann mehr Blut in die Eingeweide und die Haut geleitet werden (z. B. zur W\u00e4rmeregulierung)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Verringerung des myokardialen Sauerstoffverbrauchs (VO<sub>2<\/sub>) aufgrund von folgenden Faktoren:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>myokardiale Hypertrophie<sup id=\"cite_ref-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-16\">(16)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>verringerte Herzfrequenz<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_15-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-15\">(15)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Respiratory_Adaptations_to_Training_at_Rest\" class=\"mw-headline\">Respiratorische Trainingsanpassungen in Ruhe <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Respiratory Adaptations to Training at Rest\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Respiratory Adaptations to Training at Rest\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00f6gliche Vergr\u00f6\u00dferung der Lungenvolumina:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>verbesserte Lungenfunktion<\/li>\n<li>keine \u00c4nderung des Atemzugvolumens (AZV)<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_13-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Erh\u00f6hte Diffusionskapazit\u00e4t:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Vergr\u00f6\u00dferung der Lungenvolumina<\/li>\n<li>Vergr\u00f6\u00dferung der alveolokapillaren Oberfl\u00e4che<sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-18\">(18)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Erh\u00f6hung des Blutvolumens<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Respiratory_Adaptations_to_Training_with_Exercise\" class=\"mw-headline\">Respiratorische Trainingsanpassungen unter Belastung <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Respiratory Adaptations to Training with Exercise\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Respiratory Adaptations to Training with Exercise\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Erh\u00f6hte Diffusionskapazit\u00e4t<\/li>\n<li>Erh\u00f6hte Minutenventilation<sup id=\"cite_ref-:6_17-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:6-17\">(17)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Erh\u00f6hte ventilatorische Effizienz (Atem\u00e4quivalent)<sup id=\"cite_ref-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-19\">(19)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Verminderte Lungenventilation bei jeglicher Arbeitsbelastung aufgrund einer erh\u00f6hten Diffusionskapazit\u00e4t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Metabolic_and_Morphologic_Adaptations_to_Training_at_Rest\" class=\"mw-headline\">Metabolische und morphologische Trainingsanpassungen in Ruhe <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Metabolic and Morphologic Adaptations to Training at Rest\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Metabolic and Morphologic Adaptations to Training at Rest\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Hypertrophie der Skelettmuskulatur<sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-20\">(20)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Erh\u00f6hte Kapillardichte<sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21\">(21)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Vermehrte Anzahl und Gr\u00f6\u00dfe der Mitochondrien<sup id=\"cite_ref-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-22\">(22)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Erh\u00f6hte Myoglobinkonzentration<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Erh\u00f6hte Sauerstofftransportrate (O<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Metabolic_and_Morphologic_Adaptations_to_Training_with_Exercise\" class=\"mw-headline\">Metabolische und morphologische Trainingsanpassungen unter Belastung <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Metabolic and Morphologic Adaptations to Training with Exercise\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Metabolic and Morphologic Adaptations to Training with Exercise\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Verringerte Glykogenabbaurate bei jeglicher Arbeitsbelastung<sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-24\">(24)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Erh\u00f6hte F\u00e4higkeit zur Mobilisierung und Oxidation von Fetts\u00e4uren<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_23-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Erh\u00f6htes oxidatives Potenzial der Mitochondrien<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_23-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Erh\u00f6hte Glykogenspeicherung<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_23-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Adaptations_to_Aerobic_Training\" class=\"mw-headline\">Anpassungen an das aerobe Training <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Adaptations to Aerobic Training\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Adaptations to Aerobic Training\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Cardiorespiratory_Endurance\" class=\"mw-headline\">Kardiorespiratorische Ausdauer <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Cardiorespiratory Endurance\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a title=\"Edit section: Cardiorespiratory Endurance\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>Aerobes Training ist die Art von wiederholter, strukturierter <a title=\"Physical Activity\" href=\"\/Physical_Activity\">k\u00f6rperlicher Aktivit\u00e4t<\/a>, bei der das Stoffwechselsystem des K\u00f6rpers Sauerstoff zur Energiegewinnung ben\u00f6tigt.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>Kardiorespiratorische Ausdauer:\n<ul>\n<li>die F\u00e4higkeit, eine l\u00e4ngere, dynamische Belastung durchzuhalten<\/li>\n<li>Verbesserungen geschehen durch multisystemische Anpassungen (Herz-Kreislauf, Atmung, Muskeln, Stoffwechsel)<sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-25\">(25)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Ausdauertraining:\n<ul>\n<li>Steigerung der maximalen Ausdauerleistung = Steigerung des maximalen Sauerstoffverbrauchs (V0<sub>2<\/sub> max)<\/li>\n<li>Steigerung der submaximalen Ausdauerleistung\n<ul>\n<li>niedrigere Herzfrequenz (HF) bei gleicher submaximaler Trainingsintensit\u00e4t<\/li>\n<li>dies h\u00e4ngt eher mit der Ausdauerleistung im Wettkampf zusammen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Cardiovascular\" class=\"mw-headline\">Kardiovaskul\u00e4r<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Cardiovascular\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Cardiovascular\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Sauerstofftransportsystem (O<sub>2<\/sub>) und Ficksches Prinzip:<sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-26\">(26)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Sauerstoffverbrauch (VO2) = Schlagvolumen (SV) x Herzfrequenz (HF) x arterioven\u00f6se Sauerstoffdifferenz (a-v)O<sub>2<\/sub>\n<ul>\n<li><i><b>VO2 = SV X HR x (a &#8211; v)O2 oder VO2 = Q x (a &#8211; v)O2<\/b><\/i><\/li>\n<li>Daraus folgt: \u2191 VO2max = \u2191 max SV x \u2192 HF x \u2191 max (a -v)O2 Differenz<\/li>\n<li><i>(a-v)O2 bezieht sich auf die arterioven\u00f6se Sauerstoffdifferenz. Sie ist ein Ma\u00df f\u00fcr die Menge an Sauerstoff, die vom Blut durch das Gewebe aufgenommen wird.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Herzgr\u00f6\u00dfe:\n<ul>\n<li>mit dem Training nehmen die Herzmasse und das linksventrikul\u00e4re Volumen zu\n<ul>\n<li>h\u00f6here Zielpulsfrequenz<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_13-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>kardiale Hypertrophie<\/li>\n<li>erh\u00f6htes Schlagvolumen (SV)<\/li>\n<li>ein erh\u00f6htes Plasmavolumen vergr\u00f6\u00dfert das linksventrikul\u00e4re Volumen aufgrund einer erh\u00f6hten Vorlast &#8211; dies erm\u00f6glicht ein gr\u00f6\u00dferes enddiastolisches Volumen, was wiederum ein gr\u00f6\u00dferes Schlagvolumen erm\u00f6glicht<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_14-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Das Schlagvolumen nimmt nach dem Training zu:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_23-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Ruhe-, submaximales und maximales Schlagvolumen<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_23-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>ein erh\u00f6htes Plasmavolumen erh\u00f6ht das Schlagvolumen aufgrund einer erh\u00f6hten Vorlast auf das Herz &#8211; dadurch erh\u00f6ht sich das enddiastolische Volumen (EDV), was das Herzzeitvolumen erh\u00f6ht<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_14-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>die Ruhe- und submaximale Herzfrequenz nimmt mit dem Training ab, was die F\u00fcllungszeit verl\u00e4ngert und zu einem erh\u00f6hten enddiastolischen Volumen f\u00fchrt.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:5_23-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:5-23\">(23)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>die durch das Training erh\u00f6hte linksventrikul\u00e4re Masse f\u00fchrt zu einer gr\u00f6\u00dferen Kontraktionskraft<\/li>\n<li>die Anpassung des Schlagvolumens an das Training nimmt mit dem Alter ab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Herzfrequenz in Ruhe:\n<ul>\n<li>nimmt infolge der erh\u00f6hten parasympathischen und verringerten sympathischen Aktivit\u00e4t des Herzens deutlich ab<sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-27\">(27)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Submaximale Herzfrequenz:\n<ul>\n<li>nimmt bei gleichbleibender absoluter Intensit\u00e4t ab<sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28\">(28)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Maximale Herzfrequenz:\n<ul>\n<li>keine signifikanten Ver\u00e4nderungen durch das Training<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_14-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-14\">(14)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>nimmt mit dem Alter langsam ab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Wechselwirkungen zwischen Herzfrequenz und Schlagvolumen:\n<ul>\n<li>Herzfrequenz und Schlagvolumen interagieren zur Optimierung des Herzzeitvolumens<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Erholung der Herzfrequenz:<sup id=\"cite_ref-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-29\">(29)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>schnellere Erholung durch Training<\/li>\n<li>indirekter Index der kardiorespiratorischen Fitness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Herzzeitvolumen (HZV):\n<ul>\n<li>das Training bewirkt in Ruhe und bei submaximaler Belastung wenig bis keine Ver\u00e4nderungen<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_12-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>das maximale Herzzeitvolumen steigt durch eine Erh\u00f6hung des Schlagvolumens<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Blutfluss:\n<ul>\n<li>erh\u00f6hter Blutfluss zum aktiven Muskel<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_12-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Verst\u00e4rkte Kapillarisierung, Rekrutierung von Kapillaren:<sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-30\">(30)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>erh\u00f6htes Verh\u00e4ltnis von Kapillaren zu Muskelfasern<\/li>\n<li>Vergr\u00f6\u00dferung der Gesamtquerschnittsfl\u00e4che f\u00fcr den kapillaren Austausch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Verminderter Blutfluss zu inaktiven Regionen<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_12-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Erh\u00f6htes Gesamtblutvolumen:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_12-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>verhindert eine Verringerung des ven\u00f6sen R\u00fcckflusses durch mehr Blut in den Kapillaren<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Blutdruck:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_12-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>verminderter Blutdruck bei gegebener submaximaler Intensit\u00e4t<\/li>\n<li>Anstieg des systolischen Blutdrucks und Senkung des diastolischen Blutdrucks bei maximaler Intensit\u00e4t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Blutvolumen &#8211; das Gesamtvolumen nimmt rasch zu:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_12-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>erh\u00f6htes Plasmavolumen durch erh\u00f6hte Plasmaproteine, erh\u00f6hte Wasser- und Natrium (Na+)-Retention (alle in den ersten 2 Wochen des Trainings)<\/li>\n<li>Zunahme des Volumens der roten Blutk\u00f6rperchen (MCV)<\/li>\n<li>verringerte Plasmaviskosit\u00e4t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 308px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 300px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OLGy1a3w08s?\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-31\">(31)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"References\" class=\"mw-headline\">Referenzen<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a title=\"Edit section: References\" href=\"\/index.php?title=Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-:7-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_1-0\">1.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:7_1-1\">1.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Borresen J, Lambert MI. Autonomic control of heart rate during and after exercise. Sports medicine. 2008 Aug;38(8):633-46.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Olshansky B, Ricci F, Fedorowski A. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1050173822000731?via%3Dihub\" rel=\"nofollow\">Importance of Resting Heart Rate: Heart rate and Outcomes<\/a>. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2022 May 25.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Gould C, Hopper J. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1472029922000182?casa_token=VhNNpgXfWrcAAAAA:Qvv-5bs0AxjopM2v6kRV0DtN6PCzC7-dUGTDXHfKB4fuFxv6tFkHaqMgQYeyuZTb9wGx0GfgUA\" rel=\"nofollow\">Applied cardiovascular physiology.<\/a> Anaesthesia &amp; Intensive Care Medicine. 2022 Mar 18.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Whats Up Dude. What Is Stroke Volume Of The Heart &#8211; Stroke Volume Variation &#8211; Stroke Volume And Heart Rate. Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YEvm-Otmpw4\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YEvm-Otmpw4<\/a> (last accessed 28\/11\/2022)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Barone Gibbs B, Hivert MF, Jerome GJ, Kraus WE, Rosenkranz SK, Schorr EN, Spartano NL, Lobelo F, American Heart Association Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000196?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&amp;url_ver=Z39.88-2003&amp;rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org\" rel=\"nofollow\">Physical activity as a critical component of first-line treatment for elevated blood pressure or cholesterol: who, what, and how?: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.<\/a> Hypertension. 2021 Aug;78(2):e26-37.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Alpsoy \u015e. Exercise and hypertension. Physical Exercise for Human Health. 2020:153-67.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Fagard RH. Exercise is good for your blood pressure: effects of endurance training and resistance training. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 2006 Sep;33(9):853-6.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Rhibi F, Prioux J, Attia MB, Hackney AC, Zouhal H, Abderrahman AB. Increase interval training intensity improves plasma volume variations and aerobic performances in response to intermittent exercise. Physiology &amp; behavior. 2019 Feb 1;199:137-45.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Skattebo \u00d8, Bjerring AW, Auensen M, Sarvari SI, Cumming KT, Capelli C, Hall\u00e9n J. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7181565\/pdf\/421_2020_Article_4336.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Blood volume expansion does not explain the increase in peak oxygen uptake induced by 10 weeks of endurance training.<\/a> European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2020 May;120(5):985-99.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pakkala A. Chapter-5 Cardiorespiratory Adaptation to Exercise. MED CAL SCIENCES. 2020:69.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Seo DY, Kwak HB, Kim AH, Park SH, Heo JW, Kim HK, Ko JR, Lee SJ, Bang HS, Sim JW, Kim M. Cardiac adaptation to exercise training in health and disease. Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology. 2020 Feb;472(2):155-68.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_12-0\">12.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_12-1\">12.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_12-2\">12.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_12-3\">12.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_12-4\">12.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_12-5\">12.5<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_12-6\">12.6<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_12-7\">12.7<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Hellsten Y, Nyberg M. Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training. Compr Physiol. 2015 Dec 15;6(1):1-32.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_13-0\">13.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_13-1\">13.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_13-2\">13.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_13-3\">13.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Laskin, J. Chronic Adaptations to Exercise Course. Plus, 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_14-0\">14.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_14-1\">14.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_14-2\">14.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_14-3\">14.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_14-4\">14.4<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Brooks GA, Fahey TD, Baldwin K. Cardiovascular Dynamics During Exercise. Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Applications,. 2005:340 &#8211; 62.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_15-0\">15.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_15-1\">15.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Smith DL, Fernhall B. Advanced cardiovascular exercise physiology. Human Kinetics; 2022 Feb 27.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Seo DY, Kwak HB, Kim AH, Park SH, Heo JW, Kim HK, Ko JR, Lee SJ, Bang HS, Sim JW, Kim M. Cardiac adaptation to exercise training in health and disease. Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology. 2020 Feb;472(2):155-68.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:6-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_17-0\">17.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_17-1\">17.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:6_17-2\">17.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">McKenzie DC. Respiratory physiology: adaptations to high-level exercise. British journal of sports medicine. 2012 May 1;46(6):381-4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Patel PN, Zwibel H. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK482280\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Physiology, exercise.<\/a> InStatPearls (Internet) 2021 Sep 18. StatPearls Publishing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Chlif M, Chaouachi A, Ahmaidi S. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/rc.rcjournal.com\/content\/62\/7\/936.short\" rel=\"nofollow\">Effect of aerobic exercise training on ventilatory efficiency and respiratory drive in obese subjects.<\/a> Respiratory Care. 2017 Jul 1;62(7):936-46.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Harber MP, Konopka AR, Undem MK, Hinkley JM, Minchev K, Kaminsky LA, Trappe TA, Trappe S. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3524668\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Aerobic exercise training induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy and age-dependent adaptations in myofiber function in young and older men.<\/a> Journal of applied physiology. 2012 Nov 1;113(9):1495-504.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">MacInnis MJ, Gibala MJ. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5407969\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity.<\/a> The Journal of physiology. 2017 May 1;595(9):2915-30.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Drake JC, Wilson RJ, Yan Z. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6137621\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Molecular mechanisms for mitochondrial adaptation to exercise training in skeletal muscle.<\/a> The FASEB Journal. 2016 Jan;30(1):13-22.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:5-23\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_23-0\">23.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_23-1\">23.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_23-2\">23.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_23-3\">23.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_23-4\">23.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_23-5\">23.5<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:5_23-6\">23.6<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Chapter 3: Physiologic Responses and Long-Term Adaptations to Exercise. Available from <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.cdc.gov\/www_cdc_gov\/nccdphp\/sgr\/intro3.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/archive.cdc.gov\/www_cdc_gov\/nccdphp\/sgr\/intro3.htm<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">\u00d8rtenblad N, Nielsen J, Morton JP, Areta JL. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/10\/3\/298\" rel=\"nofollow\">Exercise and Muscle Glycogen Metabolism.<\/a> Exercise Metabolism. 2022:71-114.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-25\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Rivera-Brown AM, Frontera WR. Principles of exercise physiology: responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training. Pm&amp;r. 2012 Nov 1;4(11):797-804.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-26\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Crystal GJ, Pagel PS. The physiology of oxygen transport by the cardiovascular system: evolution of knowledge. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2020 May 1;34(5):1142-51.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Seo DY, Kwak HB, Kim AH, Park SH, Heo JW, Kim HK, Ko JR, Lee SJ, Bang HS, Sim JW, Kim M. Cardiac adaptation to exercise training in health and disease. Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology. 2020 Feb;472(2):155-68.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Van de Vegte YJ, Tegegne BS, Verweij N, Snieder H, van der Harst P. Genetics and the heart rate response to exercise. Cellular and molecular life sciences. 2019 Jun;76(12):2391-409.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Daanen HA, Lamberts RP, Kallen VL, Jin A, Van Meeteren NL. A systematic review on heart-rate recovery to monitor changes in training status in athletes. International journal of sports physiology and performance. 2012 Sep 1;7(3):251-60.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Jensen L, Bangsbo J, Hellsten Y. <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1665084\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Effect of high intensity training on capillarization and presence of angiogenic factors in human skeletal muscle.<\/a> The Journal of physiology. 2004 Jun;557(2):571-82.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Mike Tyler. Adaptations to Exercise | Cardiovascular System 07 | Anatomy &amp; Physiology. Available from: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OLGy1a3w08s\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OLGy1a3w08s<\/a> (last accessed 12\/12\/2022)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20231227112104\nCache expiry: 0\nReduced expiry: true\nComplications: (show\u2010toc)\nCPU time usage: 0.120 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.126 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 506\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 126\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 3\/100\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\nUnstrip recursion depth: 0\/20\nUnstrip post\u2010expand size: 18491\/5000000 bytes\n--><br \/>\n<!--\nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%    5.262      1 Special:Contributors\/Chronic_Cardiopulmonary_Adaptations_to_Exercise\n100.00%    5.262      1 -total\n--><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Originale Autorin &#8211; Wanda van Niekerk basierend auf dem Kurs von James Laskin Top-Beitragende &#8211; Wanda van Niekerk und Jess Bell Auf dieser Seite geht es um chronische Anpassungen an Trainingsreize, d. h. Ver\u00e4nderungen, die auftreten, wenn eine Person regelm\u00e4\u00dfig trainiert oder ein f\u00fcr ihre spezifischen Ziele und ihren Sport geeignetes Trainingsprogramm absolviert. Inhalt 1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8485","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8485"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12440,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8485\/revisions\/12440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}