{"id":4806,"date":"2023-02-08T04:21:33","date_gmt":"2023-02-08T04:21:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/diaphragm-anatomy-and-differential-diagnosis-de\/"},"modified":"2023-02-08T18:06:27","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T18:06:27","slug":"diaphragm-anatomy-and-differential-diagnosis-de","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/diaphragm-anatomy-and-differential-diagnosis-de\/","title":{"rendered":"Zwerchfell &#8211; Anatomie und Differenzialdiagnose"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"editorbox\"> <b>Urspr\u00fcngliche Herausgeber<\/b> \u2013 <a href=\"\/User:Carin_Hunter\" title=\"User:Carin Hunter\">Carin Hunter<\/a> basierend auf dem Kurs von <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/members.physio-pedia.com\/course_tutor\/rina-pandya\/\">Rina Pandya<\/a><br \/>\n<b>Top-Beitragende<\/b> &#8211; <a href=\"\/User:Carin_Hunter\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Carin Hunter\"><bdi>Carin Hunter<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Jess_Bell\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Jess Bell\"><bdi>Jess Bell<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Kim_Jackson\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Kim Jackson\"><bdi>Kim Jackson<\/bdi><\/a> , <a href=\"\/User:Wanda_van_Niekerk\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Wanda van Niekerk\"><bdi>Wanda van Niekerk<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Lucinda_hampton\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Lucinda hampton\"><bdi>Lucinda hampton<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Merinda_Rodseth\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Merinda Rodseth\"><bdi>Merinda Rodseth<\/bdi><\/a>, <a href=\"\/User:Tarina_van_der_Stockt\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Tarina van der Stockt\"><bdi>Tarina van der Stockt<\/bdi><\/a> und <a href=\"\/User:Ewa_Jaraczewska\" class=\"mw-userlink\" title=\"User:Ewa Jaraczewska\"><bdi>Ewa Jaraczewska<\/bdi><\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input type=\"checkbox\" role=\"button\" id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">Inhalt<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"toctogglespan\"><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"><\/label><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Anatomy_of_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Anatomie des Zwerchfells<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Major_Openings_in_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Gro\u00dfe \u00d6ffnungen im Zwerchfell<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Nerve_Supply\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Innervation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Vascular_Supply\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Vaskul\u00e4re Versorgung<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Fascial_Attachments\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Fasziale Ans\u00e4tze<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#1._Vertebrae\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">1. Wirbel<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#2._Muscles\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.2<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">2. Muskeln<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Aetiology_of_an_Elevated_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u00c4tiologie des Zwerchfellhochstands<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Differential_Diagnosis_for_Elevated_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Differenzialdiagnose des Zwerchfellhochstands<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Aetiology_for_Paralysis_of_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">\u00c4tiologie der Zwerchfellparese<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Differential_Diagnosis_for_Paralysis_of_the_Diaphragm\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7.1<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Differenzialdiagnose der Zwerchfellparese<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Symptoms_of_Diaphragmatic_Weakness\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Symptome einer Zwerchfellschw\u00e4che<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Paradoxical_Breathing\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Paradoxe Atmung<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">10<\/span> <span class=\"toctext\">Referenzen<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Anatomy_of_the_Diaphragm\">Anatomie des Zwerchfells <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Anatomy of the Diaphragm\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Anatomy of the Diaphragm\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Das Zwerchfell (Diaphragma) ist der wichtigste Atemmuskel.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">(1)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Es handelt sich um eine kuppelf\u00f6rmige, &#8222;fibromuskul\u00e4re Platte&#8220;, die den Brustkorb (Thorax) vom Bauchraum (Abdomen) trennt<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Es bildet den Boden des Brustkorbs und das Dach des Bauchraumes<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-3\">(3)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Die linke Seite ist niedriger als die rechte, da sich die Leber auf der rechten Seite befindet.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Die linke Seite kann aufgrund des &#8222;Schubs&#8220; durch das <a href=\"\/Anatomy_of_the_Human_Heart\" title=\"Anatomy of the Human Heart\">Herz<\/a> auch teilweise inferior liegen<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-4\">(4)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">(5)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Der periphere Anteil des Zwerchfells ist muskul\u00f6s und besteht aus drei verschiedenen Muskelgruppen:\n<ul>\n<li>der Brustbeinteil (Pars sternalis) hat seinen Ursprung im Schwertfortsatz (Processus xiphoideus) des Brustbeins (<a href=\"\/Sternum\" title=\"Sternum\">Sternum<\/a>);<\/li>\n<li>der Rippenteil (Pars costalis) hat seinen Ursprung an der Unterseite der sechs unteren <a href=\"\/Ribs\" title=\"Ribs\">Rippen<\/a> (Costae I-VI);<\/li>\n<li>der Lendenteil (Pars lumbalis) hat seinen Ursprung in den beiden \u201eZwerchfellpfeilern\u201c (Crura) und den Ligg. arcuata, die ihrerseits am <a href=\"\/Lumbar\" title=\"Lumbar\">lumbalen<\/a> Wirbelk\u00f6rper L1 und L2, manchmal auch L3, entspringen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Der zentrale Teil des Zwerchfells (Centrum tendineum) besteht aus sehr starken <a href=\"\/Aponeurosis\" title=\"Aponeurosis\">aponeurotischen<\/a> Sehnenb\u00e4ndern ohne kn\u00f6cherne Ans\u00e4tze.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Major_Openings_in_the_Diaphragm\">Gro\u00dfe \u00d6ffnungen im Zwerchfell <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Major Openings in the Diaphragm\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Major Openings in the Diaphragm\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Henry_Vandyke_Carter,_Public_domain,_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Henry_Vandyke_Carter%2C_Public_domain%2C_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png\/300px-Henry_Vandyke_Carter%2C_Public_domain%2C_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"265\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Henry_Vandyke_Carter%2C_Public_domain%2C_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png\/450px-Henry_Vandyke_Carter%2C_Public_domain%2C_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/7\/75\/Henry_Vandyke_Carter%2C_Public_domain%2C_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Henry_Vandyke_Carter,_Public_domain,_via_Wikimedia_Commons.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Anatomie des Zwerchfells<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Foramen venae cavae:<\/b> auf H\u00f6he des T8-Wirbels in der zentralen Sehnenplatte. Erm\u00f6glicht den Durchtritt der <a href=\"\/Vena_Cava\" title=\"Vena Cava\">Vena cava<\/a> inferior und einiger \u00c4ste des rechten <a href=\"\/Phrenic_Nerve\" title=\"Phrenic Nerve\">Nervus phrenicus<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><b>Hiatus oesophageus:<\/b> auf H\u00f6he des T10-Wirbels. Erm\u00f6glicht den Durchtritt der Speiser\u00f6hre (Oesophagus), des rechten und linken <a href=\"\/Vagus_Nerve\" title=\"Vagus Nerve\">Trunci vagales<\/a>, der \u00f6sophagealen \u00c4ste der linken Magengef\u00e4\u00dfe und der <a href=\"\/Lymphatic_System\" title=\"Lymphatic System\">Lymphgef\u00e4\u00dfe<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><b>Hiatus aortae:<\/b> anterior des T12-Wirbelk\u00f6rpers zwischen den Crura. Erm\u00f6glicht den Durchgang der <a href=\"\/Aorta\" title=\"Aorta\">Aorta<\/a>, des Ductus thoracicus und der Azygosvene (Vena azygos).<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Nerve_Supply\">Innervation <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Nerve Supply\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Nerve Supply\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\/300px-Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\/450px-Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\/600px-Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Cervical_plexus_phrenic_nerve_Primal.png\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Urpsrung des N. phrenicus am Plexus cervicalis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Das Zwerchfell wird durch den rechten und linken <a href=\"\/Phrenic_Nerve\" title=\"Phrenic Nerve\">N. phrenicus<\/a> versorgt,<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup> der Fasern aus den R\u00fcckenmarkssegmenten C3, C4, C5 und manchmal C6 enth\u00e4lt. Jeder N. phrenicus teilt sich in vier \u00c4ste.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Motorische Innervation:<\/b><sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Das linke Hemidiaphragma wird durch den linken N. phrenicus versorgt<\/li>\n<li>Das rechte Hemidiaphragma wird durch den rechten N. phrenicus versorgt<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Sensible Innervation:<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li>Der N. phrenicus innerviert das parietale Rippenfell (Pleura parietalis) und das Bauchfell (Peritoneum), das die zentralen Fl\u00e4chen des Zwerchfells bedeckt. Die Randbereiche des Zwerchfells werden von den unteren sechs Nn. intercostales innerviert.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Der N. phrenicus setzt sich aus myelinisierten Fasern mit gro\u00dfem Durchmesser, myelinisierten Fasern mit kleinem Durchmesser und nicht myelinisierten Fasern zusammen. Die Fasern mit gro\u00dfem Durchmesser feuern w\u00e4hrend der Kontraktion des Zwerchfells, w\u00e4hrend die Fasern mit kleinem Durchmesser w\u00e4hrend der gesamten Atmung feuern.<sup id=\"cite_ref-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-8\">(8)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Die Aktivierung des N. phrenicus moduliert den motorischen <a href=\"\/Sympathetic_Nervous_System\" title=\"Sympathetic Nervous System\">Sympathikus<\/a>-Output.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Afferenzen des N. phrenicus sind auch an der <a href=\"\/Somatosensation\" title=\"Somatosensation\">Somatosensorik<\/a> des Zwerchfells beteiligt und sorgen daf\u00fcr, dass der Mensch seine Atmung im Wachzustand wahrnimmt.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Vascular_Supply\">Vaskul\u00e4re Versorgung <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Vascular Supply\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Vascular Supply\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Arterielle Versorgung:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A. phrenica inferior aus der Aorta abdominalis <sup id=\"cite_ref-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-9\">(9)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>A. phrenica superior aus der Aorta thoracica<\/li>\n<li>A. musculophrenica, A. pericardiacophrenica<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Ven\u00f6se Versorgung:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vena phrenica inferior<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Fascial_Attachments\">Fasziale Ans\u00e4tze <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Fascial Attachments\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Fascial Attachments\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"1._Vertebrae\">1. Wirbel <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 1. Vertebrae\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Edit section: 1. Vertebrae\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Arcus lumbocostalis medialis<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Ein Sehnenbogen in der <a href=\"\/Fascia\" title=\"Faszie\">Faszie<\/a>, die den <a href=\"\/Psoas_Major\" title=\"Psoas Major\">M. psoas major<\/a> bedeckt<\/li>\n<li>Medial setzt er an der Seite des L1-Wirbelk\u00f6rpers an.<\/li>\n<li>Lateral setzt er an der Vorderseite des Querfortsatzes L1 an.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Arcus lumbocostalis lateralis<sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:0-2\">(2)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Ein Sehnenbogen in der Faszie, die den oberen Teil des <a href=\"\/Quadratus_Lumborum\" title=\"Quadratus Lumborum\">M. quadratus lumborum<\/a> bedeckt<\/li>\n<li>Medial setzt er an der Vorderseite des Querfortsatzes L1 an<\/li>\n<li>Lateral setzt er am unteren Rand der 12. Rippe an<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"2._Muscles\">2. Muskeln <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: 2. Muscles\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Edit section: 2. Muscles\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Der <a href=\"\/Quadratus_Lumborum\" title=\"Quadratus Lumborum\">M. quadratus lumborum<\/a> (QL) setzt am unteren Teil der 12. Rippe an. Ein Teil des Zwerchfells setzt am oberen Teil dieser Rippe an. Die Faszie ist zwischen diesen Ans\u00e4tzen durchgehend.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Der <a href=\"\/Psoas_Major\" title=\"Psoas Major\">M. psoas<\/a> liegt in einem \u00e4hnlichen Bereich wie der QL. Er geht in die Faszie am proximalen Ende des posterioren Teils des Zwerchfells \u00fcber.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Aetiology_of_an_Elevated_Diaphragm\">\u00c4tiologie des Zwerchfellhochstands <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Aetiology of an Elevated Diaphragm\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Edit section: Aetiology of an Elevated Diaphragm\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ein erh\u00f6htes Hemidiaphragma kann sowohl auf direkte als auch auf indirekte Ursachen zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren sein.<\/p>\n<p>Die Ursachen k\u00f6nnen in drei Kategorien eingeteilt werden, die sich nach der Lokalisation der Ursache richten:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:2_10-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:2-10\">(10)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Oberhalb des Zwerchfells\n<ul>\n<li>Verringertes <a href=\"\/Lung_Volumes\" title=\"Lung Volumes\">Lungenvolumen<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Atelectasis\" title=\"Atelektasen\">Atelektase<\/a>\/Kollaps<\/li>\n<li>Fr\u00fchere Lobektomie oder Pneumonektomie<\/li>\n<li>Lungenhypoplasie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Auf der H\u00f6he des Zwerchfells\n<ul>\n<li>Phrenikusparese<\/li>\n<li>Eventration des Zwerchfells bzw. &#8222;Zwerchfellbuckel&#8220; (eine abnorme Lage des Zwerchfells, das zu hoch im K\u00f6rper liegt, entweder aufgrund von Problemen mit den Nerven, die den Muskel versorgen, oder mit dem Muskel selbst. In schwereren F\u00e4llen kann dies die Lunge zusammendr\u00fccken und die Atmung behindern)<sup id=\"cite_ref-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-11\">(11)<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>Kontralateraler <a href=\"\/Stroke\" title=\"Schlaganfall\">Schlaganfall<\/a>: in der Regel Verteilung der mittleren Hirnarterie (A. cerebri media)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Unterhalb des Zwerchfells\n<ul>\n<li>Abdominaler Tumor, z. B. Lebermetastasen oder b\u00f6sartiger Prim\u00e4rtumor<\/li>\n<li>Subphrenischer Abszess<\/li>\n<li>Gedehnter Magen oder Dickdarm, einschlie\u00dflich Chilaiditi-Zeichen bzw. -Syndrom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Differential_Diagnosis_for_Elevated_Diaphragm\">Differenzialdiagnose des Zwerchfellhochstands <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Differential Diagnosis for Elevated Diaphragm\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Edit section: Differential Diagnosis for Elevated Diaphragm\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Andere Situationen, die ein erh\u00f6htes Hemidiaphragma vort\u00e4uschen k\u00f6nnen, sind:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:1_7-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:1-7\">(7)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/subpulmonic-effusion?lang=us\">Subpulmonaler Erguss<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/diaphragmatic-hernia?lang=us\">Zwerchfellhernie<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/diaphragmatic-rupture?lang=us\">Zwerchfellruptur<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Tumor des Rippenfells (Pleura) oder des Zwerchfells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Aetiology_for_Paralysis_of_the_Diaphragm\">\u00c4tiologie der Zwerchfellparese <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Aetiology for Paralysis of the Diaphragm\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Edit section: Aetiology for Paralysis of the Diaphragm\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Eine Zwerchfelll\u00e4hmung tritt auf, wenn die Nervenversorgung unterbrochen ist. Diese Unterbrechung kann im N. phrenicus selbst, im zervikalen R\u00fcckenmark oder im Hirnstamm auftreten. Am h\u00e4ufigsten wird sie jedoch durch eine L\u00e4sion des N. phrenicus verursacht:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-13\">(13)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Mechanisches Trauma:<\/b> z. B. Nervensch\u00e4digung oder -ligatur w\u00e4hrend einer Operation<\/li>\n<li><b>Kompression:<\/b> aufgrund eines Tumors in der Brusth\u00f6hle<\/li>\n<li><b>Myopathien:<\/b> einschlie\u00dflich <a href=\"\/Myasthenia_Gravis\" title=\"Myasthenia Gravis\">Myasthenia gravis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><b>Neuropathie:<\/b> einschlie\u00dflich Erkrankungen wie <a href=\"\/Diabetic_Neuropathy\" title=\"Diabetic Neuropathy\">diabetische Neuropathie<\/a>, <a href=\"\/Myositis_Ossificans\" title=\"Myositis Ossificans\">Einschlussk\u00f6rpermyositis<\/a>, <a href=\"\/Dermatomyositis\" title=\"Dermatomyositis\">Dermatomyositis<\/a>, <a href=\"\/Multiple_Sclerosis_(MS)\" title=\"Multiple Sclerosis (MS)\">Multiple Sklerose<\/a>, Vorderhornzellerkrankung, chronische demyelinisierende Erkrankungen und neuralgische <a href=\"\/Myopathies\" title=\"Myopathies\">Myopathie<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <b> Entz\u00fcndung:<\/b> Eine Reihe von Systemerkrankungen kann eine Entz\u00fcndung des N. phrenicus \/ Zwerchfells verursachen, die zu einer Zwerchfelll\u00e4hmung f\u00fchrt. Beispiele hierf\u00fcr sind:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/Viral_Infections\" title=\"Viral Infections\">Virusinfektionen<\/a> (z. B. <a href=\"\/Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_(HIV)\" title=\"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)\">HIV<\/a>, West-Nil-Virus und <a href=\"\/Poliomyelitis\" title=\"Poliomyelitis\">Poliomyelitis-Virus<\/a> )<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Bacterial_Infections\" title=\"Bacterial Infections\">Bakterielle<\/a> Infektionen (z. B. <a href=\"\/Lyme_Disease\" title=\"Lyme Disease\">Borreliose<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Non-Communicable_Diseases\" title=\"Non-Communicable Diseases\">Nicht-infekti\u00f6se Ursachen<\/a> (z. B. <a href=\"\/Sarcoidosis\" title=\"Sarcoidosis\">Sarkoidose<\/a> und <a href=\"\/Amyloidosis\" title=\"Amyloidosis\">Amyloidose<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li> <b> Idiopathisch:<\/b> etwa 20 Prozent der F\u00e4lle haben keine offensichtliche Ursache<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Differential_Diagnosis_for_Paralysis_of_the_Diaphragm\">Differenzialdiagnose der Zwerchfellparese <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Differential Diagnosis for Paralysis of the Diaphragm\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Edit section: Differential Diagnosis for Paralysis of the Diaphragm\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"\/Alveoli\" title=\"Alveoli\">Alveol\u00e4re<\/a> Hypoventilation<\/li>\n<li>Erkrankungen der Vorderhornzellen oder der neuromuskul\u00e4ren Verbindungsstellen<\/li>\n<li>Zerebrale Blutung<\/li>\n<li>Frakturen der Halswirbels\u00e4ule<\/li>\n<li>Verminderte pulmonale Compliance<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Guillain-Barre_Syndrome\" title=\"Guillain-Barre Syndrome\">Guillain-Barr\u00e9-Syndrom (GBS)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/Myasthenia_Gravis\" title=\"Myasthenia Gravis\">Myasthenia gravis<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Periphere Neuropathien<\/li>\n<li>Pleurale Adh\u00e4sionen<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Symptoms_of_Diaphragmatic_Weakness\">Symptome einer Zwerchfellschw\u00e4che <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Symptoms of Diaphragmatic Weakness\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Edit section: Symptoms of Diaphragmatic Weakness\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Unilaterale Schw\u00e4che:<\/b> Oft asymptomatisch \/ Zufallsbefund Die Patienten zeigen eine eingeschr\u00e4nkte k\u00f6rperliche Leistungsf\u00e4higkeit und eine niedrigere Sauerstoffs\u00e4ttigung:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Ein Drittel der Patienten klagt \u00fcber Kurzatmigkeit bei Anstrengung<\/li>\n<li>Dyspnoe in Ruhe mit Komorbidit\u00e4ten wie kardiopulmonalen Erkrankungen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Beidseitige Schw\u00e4che:<\/b> Dyspnoe bei leichter Anstrengung bis Dyspnoe in Ruhe:<sup id=\"cite_ref-:3_6-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:3-6\">(6)<\/a><\/sup>\n<ul>\n<li>Weitere Beeintr\u00e4chtigung \u2192 Orthopnoe<\/li>\n<li>Progressive Hypoventilation \u2192 Hyperkapnie und Rechtsherzversagen. Schlimmer w\u00e4hrend des Schlafes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Paradoxical_Breathing\">Paradoxe Atmung <\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: Paradoxical Breathing\">edit<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span> <a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Edit section: Paradoxical Breathing\">edit source<\/a> <span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:402px;\"><a href=\"\/File:Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/15\/Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\/400px-Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" class=\"thumbimage\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/15\/Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\/600px-Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg 1.5x, https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/15\/Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\/800px-Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg 2x\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"\/File:Paradoxical_Breathing_Image_-_recreated_with_labels.jpg\" class=\"internal\" title=\"Enlarge\"><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Paradoxe Atmung<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Die L\u00e4hmung des Zwerchfells f\u00fchrt zu einer &#8222;paradoxen Bewegung&#8220;. Die betroffene Seite bewegt sich beim Einatmen nach oben und beim Ausatmen nach unten.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Eine einseitige Zwerchfelll\u00e4hmung ist h\u00e4ufig asymptomatisch und wird oft zuf\u00e4llig auf R\u00f6ntgenaufnahmen entdeckt.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_12-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Beidseitige L\u00e4hmungen k\u00f6nnen zu schlechter Belastbarkeit, Orthopnoe und M\u00fcdigkeit f\u00fchren. Auch bei Lungenfunktionstests ist ein restriktives Defizit festzustellen.<sup id=\"cite_ref-:4_12-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-:4-12\">(12)<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"width: 648px;\">\n<div class=\"embedvideo autoResize\" style=\"\">\n<div class=\"embedvideowrap\" style=\"width: 640px;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Play video\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8TnrNrrEjuE?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">Referenzen<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">(<\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14\" class=\"mw-editsection-visualeditor\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-divider\"> | <\/span><a href=\"\/index.php?title=Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit source<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">)<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Fayssoil A, Behin A, Ogna A, Mompoint D, Amthor H, Clair B, Laforet P, Mansart A, Prigent H, Orlikowski D, Stojkovic T, Vinit S, Carlier R, Eymard B, Lofaso F, Annane D. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/articles\/journal-of-neuromuscular-diseases\/jnd170276\">Diaphragm: Pathophysiology and Ultrasound Imaging in Neuromuscular Disorders.<\/a> J Neuromuscul Dis. 2018;5(1):1-10<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:0-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-0\">2.00<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-1\">2.01<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-2\">2.02<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-3\">2.03<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-4\">2.04<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-5\">2.05<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-6\">2.06<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-7\">2.07<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-8\">2.08<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-9\">2.09<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-10\">2.10<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-11\">2.11<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:0_2-12\">2.12<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bains KN, Kashyap S, Lappin SL. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519558\/\">Anatomy, Thorax, Diaphragm.<\/a> StatPearls (Internet). 2020 Aug 15.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Kurian J. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-31989-2_6\">Chest Wall and Diaphragm<\/a>. InPediatric Body MRI 2020 (pp. 159-192). Springer, Cham.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Bordoni B, Purgol S, Bizzarri A, Modica M, Morabito B. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6070065\/\">The influence of breathing on the central nervous system.<\/a> Cureus. 2018 Jun;10(6).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Oliver KA, Ashurst JV. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30020697\/\">Anatomy, Thorax, Phrenic Nerves.<\/a> InStatPearls (Internet) 2020 Jul 27. StatPearls Publishing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:3-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-0\">6.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-1\">6.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-2\">6.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-3\">6.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:3_6-4\">6.4<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Kokatnur L, Vashisht R, Rudrappa M. Diaphragm Disorders. (Updated 2021 Aug 9). In: StatPearls (Internet). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK470172\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK470172\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:1-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_7-0\">7.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_7-1\">7.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:1_7-2\">7.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Patel PR, Bechmann S. Elevated Hemidiaphragm. (Updated 2021 Aug 9). In: StatPearls (Internet). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK559255\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK559255\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Nair J, Streeter KA, Turner SM, Sunshine MD, Bolser DC, Fox EJ, Davenport PW, Fuller DD. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/full\/10.1152\/jn.00484.2017\">Anatomy and physiology of phrenic afferent neurons.<\/a> Journal of neurophysiology. 2017 Dec 1;118(6):2975-90.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Whitley A, K\u0159e\u010dek J, Kachlik D. The inferior phrenic arteries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger. 2021 May 1;235:151679.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:2-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-0\">10.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-1\">10.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:2_10-2\">10.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Pandya R. Diaphragm Anatomy and Differential Diagnosis Course. Plus , 2021.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Columbia Surgery Diaphragm Eventration Available:<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/columbiasurgery.org\/conditions-and-treatments\/diaphragm-eventration\">https:\/\/columbiasurgery.org\/conditions-and-treatments\/diaphragm-eventration<\/a> (accessed 9.5.2022)<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-:4-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_12-0\">12.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_12-1\">12.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_12-2\">12.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-:4_12-3\">12.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">TeachMe Anatomy. The diaphragm. Available from: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/teachmeanatomy.info\/thorax\/muscles\/diaphragm\/\">https:\/\/teachmeanatomy.info\/thorax\/muscles\/diaphragm\/<\/a> (accessed 30 November 2021).<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Rizeq YK, Many BT, Vacek JC, Reiter AJ, Raval MV, Abdullah F, Goldstein SD. Diaphragmatic paralysis after phrenic nerve injury in newborns. Journal of pediatric surgery. 2020 Feb 1;55(2):240-4.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- NewPP limit report Cached time: 20230128200449 Cache expiry: 0 Dynamic content: true Complications: () CPU time usage: 0.102 seconds Real time usage: 0.110 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 361\/1000000 Post\u2010expand include size: 97\/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3\/40 Expensive parser function count: 0\/100 Unstrip recursion depth: 0\/20 Unstrip post\u2010expand size: 10603\/5000000 bytes --><br \/>\n<!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 19.031 1 Special:Contributors\/Diaphragm_Anatomy_and_Differential_Diagnosis 100.00% 19.031 1 -total --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Urspr\u00fcngliche Herausgeber \u2013 Carin Hunter basierend auf dem Kurs von Rina Pandya Top-Beitragende &#8211; Carin Hunter, Jess Bell, Kim Jackson , Wanda van Niekerk, Lucinda hampton, Merinda Rodseth, Tarina van der Stockt und Ewa Jaraczewska Inhalt 1 Anatomie des Zwerchfells 2 Gro\u00dfe \u00d6ffnungen im Zwerchfell 3 Innervation 4 Vaskul\u00e4re Versorgung 5 Fasziale Ans\u00e4tze 5.1 1. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4806","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4806"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4810,"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4806\/revisions\/4810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/langs.physio-pedia.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}